European Journal of Morphology 

About: European Journal of Morphology is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Submandibular gland & Myoepithelial cell. It has an ISSN identifier of 0924-3860. Over the lifetime, 546 publications have been published receiving 7783 citations.

The emotional motor system.

Abstract: A large number of new descending motor pathways to caudal brainstem and spinal cord have been recognized recently. Nevertheless all the new pathways seem to belong to one of three motor systems in the central nervous system (CNS). This survey gives an overview of the pathways belonging to the so-called emotional motor system or the third motor system as defined by Holstege. The similarities and differences with the core, median and lateral paracore areas of the CNS as defined by Nieuwenhuys are discussed.

Comparison of the mammalian and avian telencephalon from the perspective of gene expression data

Abstract: Pallial and subpallial morphological subdivisions of the mouse and chicken telencephalon were examined from the new perspective given by gene markers expressed in these territories during development. The rationale of this approach is that common gene expression patterns may underlie similar histogenetic specification and, consequently, comparable morphological nature. The nested expression domains of the genes Dlx-2 and Nkx-2.1 are characteristic for the subpallium (lateral and medial ganglionic eminences). Similar expression of these markers in parts of the mouse septum and amygdala suggests that such parts may be considered subpallial. The genes Pax-6, Tbr-1 and Emx-1 are expressed in the pallium. Complementary areas of the septum and amygdala shared expression of these genes, suggesting these are the pallial parts of these units. Differences in the relative topography of pallial marker genes also define different regions of the pallium, which can be partially traced into the amygdala. Importantly, there is evidence of a novel "ventral pallium" subdivision, which is a molecularly distinct pallial territory intercalated between the striatum and the lateral pallium. Its derivatives in the mouse apparently belong to the claustroamygdaloid complex. Chicken genes homologous sequence-wise to these mouse developmental genes are expressed in topologically comparable patterns during development. The avian subpallium -the paleostriatum- expresses Dlx-2 and Nkx-2.1; expression extends as well into the septum and anterior and medial parts of the archistriatum. The avian pallium expresses Pax-6, Tbr-1 and Emx-1 and also contains a distinct ventral pallium, formed by the neostriatum and ventral intermediate parts of the archistriatum. The lateral pallium comprises the hyperstriatum ventrale, overlying temporo-parieto-occipital corticoid layer and piriform cortex, plus dorsal intermediate and posterior archistriatum. The dorsal pallium includes the dorsal, intercalated and accessory hyperstriatum, plus the dorsolateral corticoid area. The medial pallium contains the hippocampus and parahippocampal area. A dorsal part of the septum shares pallial molecular markers. Gene markers thus suggest common sets of molecular developmental determinants in either pallial or subpallial domains of the mouse and chicken telencephalon, extending all the way from the posterior pole (amygdala) to the septum. Ventral pallial derivatives identified as claustroamygdaloid in the mouse correlate with avian neostriatum and parts of the archistriatum.

The magnetic field.

Abstract: The Lorentz-force-driven global torsional nodeless vibrations of the neutron star model with Ferraro’s form of axisymmetric nonhomogeneous poloidal internal and dipolar external magnetic field are investigated. Using the energy variational method of magneto-solid-mechanical theory of a perfectly conducting elastic medium threaded by magnetic field, the one-parametric spectral formula for the frequency of this toroidal Alfvén vibrational mode is obtained and compared with the frequency spectrum of this mode in the neutron star with homogeneous internal and dipolar external magnetic field. The relevance of considered asteroseismic models to quasi-periodic oscillations discovered in the X-ray flux during the giant flare of SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 is discussed.

Functional morphology of the enteric nervous system with special reference to large mammals.

Abstract: This short review reports the latest insights into the structural organization of the enteric nervous system, with special emphasis on the intrinsic innervation of the intestinal tract of large omnivorous mammals such as the pig. Using various techniques, including lesion experiments, morphological and neurochemical features of distinct neuronal populations as well as the direction of the axonal processes within the different nerve networks could be revealed. Special attention was paid to the considerable species differences in this respect between large omnivorous animals and humans on the one hand and small laboratory animals on the other hand.

Cervical spine motion in the sagittal plane (I) range of motion of actually performed movements, an X-ray cinematographic study.

Abstract: A fast method has been developed to determine the position of the outlines of bony structures on X-ray photographs of the cervical spine movements in the sagittal plane (105 mm spot film camera; 4 frames per second; about 10 seconds per complete anteflexion-retroflexion or vice versa). This method corrects for incongruity of the vertebral contours on consecutive frames due to motion in another than the sagittal plane. It also automatically corrects erroneously marked points. This method has been used to determine segmental range of motion (SROM) and total range of motion of the head with respect to the seventh cervical vertebra (TROM). It is shown that SROM may be larger when frames of intermediate instead of extreme positions of the film are considered. In ten test persons without cervical complaints the interindividual variability of SROM turned out to be comparable to the ones found with older methods. Intraindividual variability of SROM and TROM was determined by registration at three different measuring sessions (0, 2 and 10 weeks). This intraindividual variability is high, especially in the cranial and caudal parts of the cervical spine. It is concluded that SROM and TROM are unsuitable to be used as a parameter of cervical spine mobility.