Showing papers in "Family Relations in 1983"

Ethnicity and family therapy

Abstract: McGoldrick, Giordano, Therapy with Families in Our Multi-Ethnic Society. Part I: Native American Families. Sutton, Broken Nose, Native American Families, An Overview. Tafoya, Del Vecchio, Back to the Future: An Examination of the Native American Holocaust Experience. Part II: Families of African Origin. Black, Families of African Origin: An Overview. Moore Hines, Boyd-Franklin, African American Families. Brice-Baker, Jamaican Families. Bibb, Casimir, Haitian Families. Mahmoud, African American Muslim Families. Nwadiora, Nigerian Families. Part III: Latino Families Garcia-Preto, Latino Families: An Overview. Bernal, Shapiro, Cuban Families. Falicov, Mexican Families. Garcia-Preot, Puerto Rican Families. Korin, Brazilian Families. Hernandez, Central American Families. Part IV: Asian Families. Lee, Asian Families: An Overview. Lee, Chinese Families. Matusi, Japanese Families. Kim, Korean Families, Leung, Boehnlein, Vietnamese Families. McKenzie? Pollack, Cambodian Families. Peircy et al, Indonesian Families. Santa Rita, Filipino Families. Part V: Middle Eastern Families. Abudabbeh, Middle Eastern Families: An Overview. Jalali, Iranian Families. Simons, Lebanese Families. Dagirmanjian, Armenian Families, Part VI: Asian Indian Families. Almeida, Hindu, Christian and Muslim. Part VII: Families of European Origin. Giordano, McGoldrick, European Families: An Overview. Emery, Amish Families. McGill, Pearce, Anglo Families. De Master, Dutch Families. Langelier, French Canadian Families. Steiner, Wetzel, German Families. Tsemberis, Orfanos, Greek Families. Smith, Hungarian Families. McGoldrick, Irish Families. Giordano, Italian Families. Araujo, Portuguese Families. Erickson, Sinkjaer Simon VIII, Scandinavian Families. Part VIII: Jewish Families. Rosen, Weltman, Jewish Families: An Overview. Fein, Soviet Jewish Families. Fogelman, Israeli Families. Marganoff, Folwarski, Slavic Families: An Overview. Folwarski, Marganoff, Polish Families. Kerr, Slovak Families. Althusen, Russian Families. Krestan, Czech Families.

Violent Intimacy: The Family as a Model for Love Relationships

Abstract: A survey of 461 college students provided data on the incidence of partner violence, by sex. The importance of modeling abusive behavior observed or experienced in the family of origin is discussed, along with the transfer of specific forms of violence from one generation to the next. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Family Relations, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by the National Council on Family Relations; Blackwell Publishers) Partner Violence Violence Against Women Gender Differences Female Violence Female Victim Female Offender Male Violence Male Offender Male Victim Adult Female Adult Male Adult Offender Adult Victim Adult Violence Dating Violence Causes Dating Violence Offender Dating Violence Victim Domestic Violence Effects Domestic Violence Victim Spouse Abuse Effects College Student Research Childhood Experience Childhood Victimization Children of Battered Women Child Abuse-Dating Violence Link Child Abuse Effects Child Abuse Victim Child Witness Child Victim Witnessing Spouse Abuse Witnessing Violence Effects Adult Survivor 07-04

Impact of Parent-Caring on Women.

Abstract: The impact of parent-caring on the lives of 30 Caucasian women was studied using data from: 1) intensive interviews, 2) participant observations, and 3) the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment. Analysis of the qualitative data identified two caregiving modalities: 1) care provision and 2) care management. The social and behavioral precedents and consequences of entering the careprovider or manager role were identified. The costs of caregiving were much greater for providers than managers.

Life Events Stress and Courtship Violence.

Abstract: Recent studies have found violence to be a common feature of premarital dating and courtship. The association of life events stress with courtship violence is examined via a questionnaire of the experiences of a sample of college undergraduates. Life event stress was found to be unrelated to involvement in courtship violence among women. For men, only culturally undesirable events were associated with increased courtship violence. An increasing rate of culturally desirable events was associated with decreased courtship violence, and undesirable health related events had no significant effect.

Wife Battery and Criminal Justice: A Study of Victim Decision-Making.

Abstract: A woman seeking to prosecute a violent husband is likely to find the criminal justice system far less concerned and responsive than she expects. This study of 325 battered women in Marion County, Indiana, suggests that the prosecution process is governed as much by chance as by rational procedures. Findings demonstrate that a woman's decision to invoke criminal justice was affected not only by her special needs but by her interaction with agents of the criminal justice system. Their discretion created uncertainty in outcomes and their discrimination on the basis of victimoffender conjugal status often rendered a victim's efforts useless.

The impact of family life events and changes on the health of a chronically ill child.

Abstract: This investigation examined the relationship between a pile-up of family life events (family stress) and changes in the health status of a child member with cystic fibrosis. The data collected from 100 parents and from clinic records of their children's height, weight, and pulmonary functioning revealed that a decline in pulmonary functioning was associated with a pile-up of family life changes, especially in the areas of (a) family development and relationships, (b) family management and decisions, and (c) family finances. These findings are discussed in terms of the Double ABCX family stress framework. This investigation involved an integration of individual psychological stress research and family stress theory by advancing the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE) as a tool to systematically assess cumulative family life changes.

A Sociopsychological Investigation of Adult Adoptees' Search for Birth Parents.

Abstract: Adult adoptees, engaged in various aspects of searching for their birth parents, from no involvement to reunion, participated in a questionnaire study of factors that predicted degree of searching activity. Increased searching was found to be related to a traumatic adoption revelation, knowledge of circumstances of birth and adoption, strained adoptive family relationships, poor self-concept, the experiencing of stressful life events and a belief that having been adopted made one feel different and incomplete. Reasons offered by searchers for their involvement included a desire to know their geneological history, to increase their sense of identity and to establish a relationship with birth parents. Non-searchers stated that they did not search because of fear of hurting either adoptive or birth parents, and satisfaction with identity as children of adoptive parents. Methodological and clinical issues raised in view of these results were discussed.

Economic Vulnerability and Economic Stress in Farm Couples.

Abstract: Spouses in 29 randomly sampled farm couples independently filled out questionnaires dealing with economic resources, economic losses in the past year, feelings of economic stress and patterns of blaming in the marriage. Agreement between spouses on the key measures of the study was good. Couples with greater economic vulnerability reported greater economic distress, although they tended to report experiencing less loss. Couples reporting greater economic distress reported greater blaming in the marriage. The economic problems of farm couples with greater economic vulnerability produce stress in these couples and increase the value for them of education and counseling services focused on relationship difficulties.

Social patterns in normal aging : findings from the Duke longitudinal study

Abstract: Erdman Palmore has written a comprehensive, systematic summary of all extant findings on social patterns in normal aging learned from the landmark Duke Longitudinal Studies in aging. Palmore discusses the implications of these findings for major issues in gerontology and answers such questions as: Do elderly people reduce their social activity? Do they come to resemble one another or become more different as they age? Do major events in later life produce stress resulting in physical and/or mental illnesses? Does sexual activity maintain or reduce life satisfaction and longevity? Palmore's conclusions challenge many current ideas and prejudices widely held about people over the age of 65.

Correlates of family role strain among employed Black women.

Abstract: This study examined hypotheses concerning the job and family correlates of family role strain in a sample of 51 employed black women. Family role strain was defined as difficulty experienced in enacting family roles. Job autonomy and demands were significant predictors of strain. Number of hours worked per week was related only to ease or difficulty completing household chores. Nonmarried respondents did not report higher levels of strain than married ones. Family size, however, was a significant predictor of family role strain.

The Stepfamily: An Adolescent Perspective

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate what adolescents believe to be the stressful and non-stressful aspects of stepfamily living. One hundred three adolescents between the ages 12 and 18 who were living in stepfamilies comprised the sample under investigation. Issues pertaining to divided loyalties and discipline were perceived to be stressful by the greatest number of adolescents; and issues pertaining to social attitudes and being a member of two households were perceived to be stressful by the least number of adolescents. Significant relationships were found between the subjects'perceived level of stress and various demographic data.

Black Male-Black Female Relationships: The Perceptions of 155 Middle-Class Black Men.

Abstract: One hundred and fifty-five middle-class black men were surveyed through questionnaires to obtain data on their perceptions of key issues related to problems affecting black male-black female relationships. A majority of these men reported that black women had more opportunity than black men, and a large minority felt that black women were, in part at least, responsible for the relative low status of black men. Those respondents who had a pessismistic view of black male-black female relationships also tended to feel that they had been affected little by racial discrimination, and preferred traditional gender roles for men and women. It was concluded that salient issues affecting black male-black female relationships may vary by socio-economic status, political and ideological orientations, and the overall social circumstances experienced by black men and black women during any given historical period.

The economic behavior of stepfamilies.

Abstract: Economic behavior expresses-both actually and symbolically-a remarried couple's commitment to one another and to each other's children. This paper describes two economic patterns that stepfamilies adopt: "Common Pot" families pool all their resources for household expenses, and "Two Pot" couples safeguard individual resources for personal use or for their biological children. The author suggests that a Common Pot economy lends itself to unifying the stepfamily while the Two Pot economy encourages biological loyalties and personal autonomy.

Runaways: A Review of Negative Consequences.

Abstract: The frequency and extent of runaway instances during adolescence has gained recognition as a significant and growing social problem (Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1977; Libertoff, 1980). Survey studies using probabilistic sampling techniques have estimated that one out of every eight adolescents will run from home at least once before his or her 18th birthday (Nye & Edelbrock, 1980) with as many as three-quarters of a million youths running away annually (Opinion Research Corporation, 1976). According to the National Statistical Survey on Runaway Youth (Opinion Research Corporation, 1976) the majority of runaways are 16 years of age or younger with approximately equal numbers of boys and girls running away each year. Whileon the run youths are exposed to situations of potential exploitation and place themselves at

A Comparison of the Resources of Parents and Childless Men and Women in Very Old Age.

Abstract: Reciprocal exchanges between parents and children are evident throughout the life cyc/e, but little is known about how the childless manage in old age This research compared the personal and social resources and correlates of psychological well-being of parents and the childless based upon interviews with 103 childless persons and 438 parents, 72 years or older Parents and nonparents reported similar resources Children did not assure these older parents less loneliness, more positive appraisals of life, or greater acceptance of death Accommodations the childless may have made to an atypical status did not have an adverse effect on well-being It was concluded that the presence or absence of children did not seem to appreciably alter the lives of the very aged

Mediating Divorce Disputes: Mediator Behaviors, Styles and Roles

Abstract: Despite the growing popularity of divorce mediation, there has been little systematic research on the process of mediation and the roles and skills of mediators. This article reviews 35 cases involving contested child custody and visitation and generalizes about the techniques used by experienced divorce mediators to help couples reach resolutions to their differences. The article discusses different ways mediators orient couples to mediation, gain their commitment, identify the issues in dispute, overcome emotional and substantive obstacles and generate agreements. Variations in the ways mediators deal with the expression of emotions and the amount of control they exercise in structuring the process and generating an agreement are noted.

An Evaluation of a Parent Education Program for Fathers of School-Aged Children.

Abstract: A parent education program for fathers of school-aged children was developed and evaluated. The program used a systematic skills approach, focussing on communication skills. The program was found to result in an improvement in fathers' communication skills-specifically, a significant increase in their overall sensitivity and a significant reduction in their use of undesireable responses. Significantly more experimental than control group children perceived positive changes in their relationships with their fathers. An assessment of the family concepts of mothers and fathers indicated that experimental group fathers changed their views of the ideal family.

Individual vs. Group Training for Foster Parents: Efficiency Effectiveness Evaluations.

Abstract: Twenty-nine foster parents from 18 families received parent training in child rearing skills, utilizing a combination of behavioral and reflective (feeling focused) approaches. Half of the foster families were trained in a traditional group training format, while the other half were trained individually in their homes. Training times and individual contact of participants with trainers were nearly equal. At the completion of the 11 week training period, these parents improved significantly in parent attitude scores and knowledge and use of behavioral principles (reflected in decreases in foster child behavior problems). However, there were relatively few differences between group trained and home trained parents on these measures. Where the groups did differ significantly was in the parents' attendance rates, ratings of child behavior improvement, and in ratings of general satisfaction with the family functioning as a result of the training; all these measures favored the home trained parents. Further, at a six-month follow-up, these relative effects maintained themselves at significantly higher levels for the home trained parents. Consequently, issues related to parental satisfaction, reinforcement, and concomitant "professionalism" are addressed, with suggestion for building these elements into the foster care system.

Social Anxiety and Marital Adjustment.

Abstract: The relationship between interpersonal competence and marital adjustment was reviewed. It was hypothesized that social anxiety would be negatively related to marital adjustment. A sample of 179 intact married couples completed questionnaire measures of both concepts. Data were analyzed at both the individual and the couple levels of analysis. The basic hypothesis that social anxiety is negatively related to marital adjustment was supported, but social anxiety was primarily related to marital adjustment of self and not to that of spouse. Implications of these findings for the practitioner are discussed.

Family studies review yearbook

Abstract: PART ONE: FAMILY HEALTH AND MEDICINE Family Medicine and Family Therapy - Lucy Candib and Michael Glenn Comparative Development, Methods and Roles When Is It Helpful to Convene the Family? - David D Schmidt Family Therapy, Family Somatics and Family Medicine - F J A Huygen and A J A Smits Children of Parents with Major Affective Disorders - William R Beardslee et al The Family and the Child with Epilepsy - Michael Ferrari, Wendy S Matthews, and Gabor Barabas Effect of Spouse Support and Health Beliefs on Medication Adherence - William Doherty et al PART TWO: FAMILY THERAPY From Family Symptom to Family System - Candyce S Russell et al Review of Family Therapy Research Process, Structure and World Views - Carlos E Sluzki Toward an Integrated View of Systemic Models in Family Therapy Contrasting Strategic and Milan Therapies - Laurie Mackinnon The EPPI Family Therapy Outcome Study - Guillermo Bernal, Elizabeth Deegan, and Christina Konjevich Family Therapy Research and the New Epistemology - Alan S Gurman PART THREE: MARITAL THERAPY Beyond Empiricism - Neil S Jacobson The Politics of Marital Therapy The Influence of Marital Therapy on Sexual Satisfaction - K Daniel O'Leary and Ileana Arias Spouse-Aided Versus Individual Therapy in Persisting Psychiatric Disorders - R Julian Hafner et al A Systematic Comparison Short and Long-Term Effectiveness of Two Communication Training Modalities with Distressed Couples - Ludwig Schindler, Kurt Hahlweg, and Dirk Revenstorf Divorce Therapy Outcome Research - Douglas H Sprenkle and Cheryl Storm A Substantive and Methodological Review Couples Long-Term Evaluations of Their Marriage Encounter Experience - Mary Ellen Lester and William J Doherty PART FOUR: SEXUALITY AND THE FAMILY Sex Education - Peter R Kilmann et al A Review of Its Effects Changes in Sexual Attitudes and Behavior of College Students from 1965 to 1980 - Ira E Robinson and Davor Jedlicka A Research Note Parent and Peer Influence on Sexual Behavior, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy Experience of Young Women - Farida Shah and Melvin Zelniek The Salience of Sexuality in the Early Years of Marriage - Cathy Stein Greenblat Extramarital Sex - Anthony P Thompson A Review of the Research Literature PART FIVE: WORK AND FAMILY LIFE Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles - Jeffrey H Greenhaus and Nicholas J Beutell A Model of Work, Family, and Interole Conflict - Richard E Kopelman, Jeffrey H Greenhaus, and Thomas F Connolly A Construct Validation Study Dividing Work, Sharing Work, and In-Between - Catherine E Ross, John Mirowsky, and Joan Huber Marriage Patterns and Depression Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Dual-Career Families - Uma Sekaran Parental Work Patterns in Alternative Families - Irla Lee Zimmerman and Maurine Bernstein Influence on Child Development PART SIX: ADULTHOOD AND AGING IN FAMILIES The Elderly as Network Members - Ann Stueve Family Ties of the Aged in Cross-Cultural Perspective - Corinne N Nydegger Adult Children's Attachment and Helping Behavior to Elderly Parents - Victor G Cicirelli A Path Model Women's Changing Roles and Elderly Parents - Elaine M Brody et al Attitudes of Three Generations of Women Impact of Work on Women at Midlife - Lerita M Coleman and Toni C Antonucci PART SEVEN: KINSHIP The Dispersion of Kinship Ties in Modern Society - Claude S Fischer Contemporary Data and Historical Speculation Christmas Gifts and Kin Networks - Theodore Caplow Kinship Interaction Over the Family Life Span - Geoffrey K Leigh When Out of Town Relatives Visit - Paul C Rosenblatt, Patricia A Johnson, and Roxanne M Anderson Intergenerational Family Transfers - David J Cheal PART EIGHT: COMPARATIVE AND CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES Comparative Marriage and the Family - Marie Witheres Osmond A Cross-Cultural Test of Collins' Theory of Sexual Stratification - G David Johnson and Lewellyn Hendrix Conjugal Egalitarianism and Violence Across Cultures - V Tellis-Nayak and Gearoid O Donoghue Father Absence and Reproductive Strategy - Patricia Draper and Henry Harpending An Evolutionary Perspective A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Sibling Violence - Suzanne K Steinmetz Cohabitation in the Nordic Countries - Jan Trost

Premarital Cohabitation vs. Traditional Courtship: Their Effects on Subsequent Marital Adjustment.

Abstract: The dramatic increase which has occurred in the incidence of unmarried cohabitation has attracted considerable interest. Much of this has been directed at discovering the characteristics of those who cohabit and the circumstances in which cohabitation occurs, as well as describing the relationship between cohabiters and their respective roles in comparison with those of married couples. Cohabitation has been seen as a new stage of courtship which, in replacing dating, may provide a more realistic basis for the selection of a mate. The research reported here investigated whether previously cohabiting couples would display a higher level of adjustment during the first year of marriage than noncohabiting couples who had entered upon their marriages in the more traditional way. Unlike most of the research on cohabitation which has been based on college populations which are nonrepresentative of the general population, data for this study were collected by means of a questionnaire which was administered separately to each partner of couples drawn from the general community. The use of Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale provided a measure of adjustment for each of the 84 couples participating. A significant difference between the mean scores of cohabiting and non-cohabiting individuals was found. Unexpectedly, however, the higher mean scores were obtained by non-cohabiters. Possible explanations for this are suggested.

Childen of Divorce and One-Parent Families: Cross-Culture Perspectives.

Abstract: One-parent families, particularly female-headed households, are found to be widespread in cross-cultural data. By examining such families in diverse societies, insights can be gained which give a broader perspective to the situation of one-parent households in our own society. When viewed cross-culturally, the oneparent family is found to be neither pathological nor inferior. Children in such families often do not suffer from economic or psychological deprivation. Whether or not the single-parent household becomes a personal or social disaster depends upon the availability of sufficient material resources, supportive social networks, and the tenor of culturally-structured attitudes toward it.

Patterns of Childcare Information Seeking by Families.

Abstract: Understanding the support system of families is essential to the development of effective parent education resources. Families in Texas were surveyed regarding their current sources of childrearing information and the types of child development information that would be of interest. The results indicated that different family types (e.g. step, single parent) utilized different sources of information, but all families tended to be interested in similar topics. Single parents often appeared to have limited support networks; other families most often relied on informal sources such as friends, family and clergy. Implications for parent education are discussed as well as other avenues of research.

Toward a Multiple Perspective in Family Theory and Practice: The Case of Social Exchange Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, and Conflict Theory.

Abstract: The past two decades have evidenced an increasing amount of interest in theory construction and development in the area of the family. Yet in spite of this interest, few theorists have focused on the possibilities of utilizing a multiple theoretical approach in interpreting data and guiding practice interventions. The complementarity of three often used theories in family research is examined in this article: social exchange theory, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory. A case example is provided in which a multiple perspective is applied to a problem of marital discord. Implications for the clinician are discussed.

An Empirical Evaluation of the Training of Lay Volunteer Leaders of Premarital Relationship Enhancement.

Abstract: s, 1968, 29, 1173B. Levinger, G., & Senn, D. J. Disclosure of feelings in marriage. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1967, 13, 237-249. Locke, H. J. Predicting adjustment in marriage: A comparison of a divorced and happily married group. New York: Holt,