Showing papers in "Foreign Affairs in 1982"

Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World

Abstract: This highly acclaimed, prize-winning biography of one of the foremost political philosophers of the twentieth century is here reissued in a trade paperback edition for a new generation of readers. In a new preface the author offers an account of writings by and about Arendt that have appeared since the book's 1982 publication, providing a reassessment of her subject's life and achievement. Praise for the earlier edition: \"Both a personal and an intellectual biography ...It represents biography at its best.\"-Peter Berger, front page, The New York Times Book Review \"A story of surprising drama ...At last, we can see Arendt whole.\"-Jim Miller, Newsweek \"Indispensable to anyone interested in the life, the thought, or ...the example of Hannah Arendt.\"-Mark Feeney, Boston Globe \"An adventure story that moves from pre-Nazi Germany to fame in the United States, and ...a study of the influences that shaped a sharp political awareness.\"-Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch Cover drawing by David Schorr

Nuclear weapons and the Atlantic Alliance

Abstract: Te are four Americans who have been concerned over many years with the relation between nuclear weapons and the peace and freedom of the members of the Atlantic Alliance. Having learned that each of us separately has been coming to hold new views on this hard but vital question, we decided to see how far our thoughts, and the lessons of our varied experiences, could be put together; the essay that follows is the result. It argues that a new policy can bring great benefits, but it aims to start a discussion^ not to end it. For 33 years now, the Atlantic Alliance has relied on the asserted readiness of the United States to use nuclear weapons if necessary to repel aggression from the East. Initially, indeed, it was widely thought (notably by such great and different men as Winston Churchill and Niels Bohr) that the basic military balance in Europe was between American atomic bombs and the massive conventional forces of the Soviet Union. But the first Soviet explosion, in August 1949, ended the American monopoly only

Facing Up to Africa’s Food Crisis

Abstract: The most intractable food problem facing the world in the 1980s is the food and hunger crisis in the 45 states in sub-Saharan Africa — the poorest part of the world.2 Although the crisis follows by less than a decade the prolonged drought of the early 1970s in the Sahelian states of West Africa, weather is not the main cause of the current dilemma.3 Nor is the chief problem imminent famine, mass starvation, or the feeding and resettling of refugees. Improved international disaster assistance programmes can avert mass starvation and famine and assist with refugee resettlement. Rather, Africa’s current food crisis is long-term in nature, and it has been building up for two decades; blanketing the entire subcontinent are its two interrelated components — a food production gap and hunger. The food production gap results from an alarming deterioration in food production in the face of a steady increase in the rate of growth of population over the past two decades. The hunger and malnutrition problem is caused by poverty: even in areas where per capita food production is not declining, the poor do not have the income or resources to cope with hunger and malnutrition.

Force and statecraft : diplomatic problems of our time

Abstract: The international system from the seventeenth century to the present: The emergence of the great powers Eighteenth-century diplomacy Balance of power, 1815-1914: three experiments System-building, 1919-1939 Public opinion and foreign policy Economics and foreign policy Totalitarian and democratic diplomacy, 1919-1939 A post-war system of security: great-power directorate or United Nations The cold war as international system Detente and its problems The evolving international system Maintaining the system: problems of force and diplomacy: Negotiation Deterrence Coercive diplomacy Crisis management War termination Ethical imperatives and foreign policy: U.S.-Soviet security co-perating in an evolving international system The Christian statesman: Bismarck and Gladstone The problem of ethical and moral constraints on the use of force in foreign policy.

Reassurance and Deterrence: Western Defense in the 1980s

Abstract: JH>_M. istorians who attempt to look into and prescribe for the future are professionally inclined to offer as much past history as they think they can get away with, and as little prophecy and prescription as they think their readers will accept. Historians have seen too many confident prophets fall flat on their faces to lay themselves open to more humiliation than they can help. We know that all we can do is to help diagnose the problem or, better, expose false diagnoses. We also believe that in doing this it is helpful to consider how a situation has developed, in this instance in casting a backward look over the origins and development of the Western Alliance to see how we have got to where we are now. There is little point in considering where we should be going if we do not first decide where we are starting from. Let us go back 35 years, a third of a century, to the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. It is one of those short-lived periods of the past that we know about from two sources. First, there are the memories of the survivors; men and women not yet in their dotage who played a significant part in the events of the time and recall, or believe they recall, them clearly. Second, those memories can now be checked against the relevant documents; and those documents can still be interpreted in the light of human recollection. It is a period fresh in the minds of many of us, but already digested into that group-memory of the past created and preserved by professional historians. After the "Battle of the Books" between the revisionist and

Iran: Between Two Revolutions

Abstract: Emphasizing the interaction between political organizations and social forces, Ervand Abrahamian discusses Iranian society and politics during the period between the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909 and the Islamic Revolution of 1977-1979. Presented here is a study of the emergence of horizontal divisions, or socio-economic classes, in a country with strong vertical divisions based on ethnicity, religious ideology, and regional particularism. Professor Abrahamian focuses on the class and ethnic roots of the major radical movements in the modem era, particularly the constitutional movement of the 1900s, the communist Tudeh party of the 1940s, the nationalist struggle of the early 1950s, and the Islamic upsurgence of the 1970s. In this examination of the social bases of Iranian politics, Professor Abrahamian draws on archives of the British Foreign Office and India Office that have only recently been opened; newspaper, memoirs, and biographies published in Tehran between 1906 and 1980; proceedings of the Iranian Majles and Senate; interviews with retired and active politicians; and pamphlets, books, and periodicals distributed by exiled groups in Europe and North America in the period between 1953 and 1980. Professor Abrahamian explores the impact of socio-economic change on the political structure, especially under the reigns of Reza Shah and Muhammad Reza Shah, and throws fresh light on the significance of the Tudeh party and the failure of the Shah's regime from 1953 to 1978.

Common Security: A Blueprint for Survival

Abstract: Getting the books common security a blueprint for survival now is not type of inspiring means. You could not on your own going later ebook store or library or borrowing from your connections to gate them. This is an certainly easy means to specifically get guide by on-line. This online broadcast common security a blueprint for survival can be one of the options to accompany you in the manner of having additional time.

Cooperatives and Development: Agricultural Politics In Ghana And Uganda

Abstract: Agricultural policy is critical to the developmental efforts of African states lacking major mineral resources. Despite its importance, however, the production of export agricultural crops declined in the rural sectors of Africa as food imports became increasingly burdensome. In this highly original study, Crawford Young, Neal P. Sherman, and Tim H. Rose offer a theoretical and empirical comparison of the role of agricultural cooperatives in two middle-sized African states, Ghana and Uganda. The lessons learned here are of broad value and interest to those involved in planning and development in Third World nations, and to scholars and students in political science, political and agricultural economics, and rural sociology. The authors field work for this study was extensive, spanning more than ten years, and including interviews with, and surveys of, more than 1,400 African farmers, government officials, and others involved in agricultural policy in the two nations. Cooperatives have played a paramount role in both nations, in the marketing of the major export commodities (cocoa in Ghana, cotton and coffee in Uganda), and the governments of both nations have played central roles in the development or discouragement of the cooperatives. For this reason, the cooperative experience offers important insight into the political economy of agricultural development. The authors found that the classic cooperative egalitarian ideology was, in both nations, subordinate to local patterns of social hierarchy. Nevertheless, farmers in the two nations particularly in Uganda were generally favorable to the cooperative idea in theory and practice. With patient support, the authors conclude, cooperatives can exert a moderately positive influence on agricultural and political development."