Showing papers in "Habitat International in 1979"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors have shown that the number of people living in sub-deterministic conditions in cities is larger than the population of entire countries in some cases, for instance, squatters and slum dwellers in Calcutta (1.720,000), Jakarta (1125,000) and Karachi (811,500), outnumber the total population of some countries.

TL;DR: Tanzania is a tropical country on the East Coast of Africa, with an area of about 900,000 sq km as discussed by the authors, which is over 90% rural, with most of the inhabitants still engaged in near-subsistence agriculture.

TL;DR: The land policy developed from strong ideological roots as a major instrument in achieving national goals as discussed by the authors, and despite the contribution this policy has in fact made, its shortcomings have caused disappointment with the policy and with the institutions entrusted with its implementation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of an enquiry on Training for Human Settlement Development with special reference to developing countries, focusing on the needs and problems of training national personnel at all levels.

TL;DR: In Brazil, urban land policy became a public issue in the early 1970s and became a relevant and controversial subject in the 1990s as discussed by the authors, due to the rapid succession of political and economic events since the 1964 military coup.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors define land policy as "that part of development policy employed in the implementation of urban and regional plans which are directly related to the role of land" and show that such a land policy creates benefits for some and costs for others.

TL;DR: In this article, new methods for use in the professional training of teachers are described with particular reference to training methods which help theteaeher with the organisation of individual work by a school class.

TL;DR: From the first meetings held by the study group (in Bogota, 1977) it was found that there was a set of land development problems affecting in a similar way each one of the six cities as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, it was pointed out that a great deal of investigative work has built up an extensive body of knowledge, but the more it grows, the less it appears amenable of general theoretical explanation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the urban land policy and policy measures of Malaysia in their effort to pursue the objectives of their development plans and find that many policy measures to control and influence urban land development are similar to those of other countries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors pointed out that almost 6580% of the world population live in unsuitable houses, such as those in slums and squatter areas, due to a number of factors such as the lack of financial resources, inappropriate utilization of financial and human resources; inadequate planning; decision-makers preferring to develop urban areas other than rural ones; and the urgent priorities in the national plans of certain countries being disregarded.

TL;DR: For example, Australia is very sparsely settled, with a population of only 14 millions in an area of 7.7 million square kilometres as discussed by the authors, and the main reason is the low rainfall over most of the country: nearly two-thirds of the area has a median annual rainfall of less than 400 mm.

TL;DR: Indonesia is a republic with the fifth largest population in the world, now estimated at approximately 135 million as mentioned in this paper. But this proportion is changing with tendency for more rapid growth in the cities than the national population increase (2.68%).

TL;DR: The idea that the planners, designers, builders and managers of human settlements need special education and training for their tasks is of fairly recent origin and has found wide acceptance only since the Vancouver Conference which stated in its Declaration of Principles that international and national institutions should promote and institute educational programmes and courses in the subject of human settlement as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The following document must be regarded as a position paper as discussed by the authors, which presents my opinion on the subject, based on my own working experience and current literature on housing and development, in countries dominated by centralized governments, since some of the statements strongly emphasize effective public participation in planning and policy making.

TL;DR: Finland is a parliamentary democracy with several political parties as mentioned in this paper, including four major parties: conservatives, agrarian or centre party, social democrats and people's democrats (communists).