Showing papers in "IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics in 1976"
TL;DR: An optical readout of videosignal stored on a disc using a light beam because there is no mechanical contact between the readout "stylus" and the information carrying surface of the disc.
Abstract: At first sight optical readout of videosignal stored on a disc seems to be a difficult and critical task due to what is paradoxically one of its most interesting features: no mechanical contact between the readout "stylus" and the information carrying surface of the disc. Since the readout "stylus" used here is a light beam, it cannot be simply mechanically guided by a groove, the way it is accomplished, for example with conventional audio records.
43 citations
TL;DR: The entertainment function of the Philips and MCA Optical Videodisc System has been established by numerous public demonstrations and the freeze frame and random access capabilities of this optical system enables extremely effective storage of special purpose information.
Abstract: The entertainment function of the Philips and MCA Optical Videodisc System (Fig. 1 has been established by numerous public demonstrations, r2y3l4t and various authors, 6' 7' 8. The freeze frame and random access capabilities of this optical system enables extremely effective storage of special purpose information. Examples of such special purpose applications employing the Philips consumer player include digital Read-Only-Memories, X-Ray and document storage, and a talking encyclopedia.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a chrominance demodulator integrated circuit is described which includes a dynamic flesh correction circuit for modulating the reference carrier in the vicinity of flesh colors as a function of the phase information contained in the chrominance signal.
Abstract: A chrominance demodulator integrated circuit,* is described which includes a novel dynamic flesh correction circuit for modulating the reference carrier in the vicinity of flesh colors as a function of the phase information contained in the chrominance signal. The circuit corrects purple and green flesh tones without affecting the primary red, blue, and green colors.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a varactor tuner and remote control switches are used for digital channel selection in a television receiver, which is similar to the one we use in this paper.
Abstract: Digital circuit technique has begun to be applied to television receivers recently. Digital channel selection systems using a varactor tuner and remote control switches are two such examples.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a phase-locked loop tuning scheme for television was presented that uniquely simplifies the phaselocked loop design by manipulation of the dividers to take advantage of the 6 MHz channel spacing.
Abstract: This paper presents a phase-locked loop tuning scheme for television that uniquely simplifies the phase-locked loop design by manipulation of the dividers to take advantage of the 6 MHz channel spacing. The system also incorporates a unique digital AFT scheme that utilizes the phase-locked-loop components and provides a means for manually offsetting the IF from its precise tuning of 45.75 MHz. The accuracy of tuning (worst case) occurs on channel 83 with an error of less than ±30 kHz, while the AFT has an error of less than ±1.5 kHz independent of channel. The following list summarizes the system capabilities.
18 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that a 30 minute high quality television program with two separate sound channels can be compressed to a 30cm diameter disc format while allowing adequate tolerances for all aspects of the signal processing.
Abstract: This paper presents considerations involved in the choice of a coding system for an optical video disc system. It thereby embraces the recording process, the optical stylus, the associted servo systems, and the disc properties. It is shown that a 30 minute high quality television program with two separate sound channels can be compressed to a 30cm diameter disc format while allowing adequate tolerances for all aspects of the signal processing.
18 citations
TL;DR: From the beginning the aim of MCA' s videodisc development was to make a complete system for playing pre-recorded color programs over a home TV, which was demonstrated publicly in late 1972, when a video player played a replicated disc into several standard TV sets.
Abstract: From the beginning the aim of MCA' s videodisc development was to make a complete system for playing pre-recorded color programs over a home TV. Such a system was developed and was demonstrated publicly in late 1972, when a video player played a replicated disc into several standard TV sets.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the design of a wideband feed-forward amplifier in the frequency range 40-300 MHz is described, and it is shown that the technology is now available to push the output level over 1 volt for a 12-channel NCTA crossmodulation ratio of -60 dB, or over 1/ 2 volt for an 35-channel NCCA cross-modulation rate of −60 dB.
Abstract: The design of a wideband feedforward amplifier in the frequency range 40-300 MHz is described It is shown that the technology is now available to push the output level over 1 volt for a 12 channel NCTA crossmodulation ratio of -60 dB, or over 1/ 2 volt for a 35 channel NCTA crossmodulation ratio of -60 dB The triple beat and second order distortion are typically -80 dB down at the output level of 1 volt This ultralinear feedforward amplifier is thus an immediate substitute for two distribution amplifiers of conventional design
9 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the bandwidth of the reference channel influences the quality of the synchronous detection system and it is possible to improve the performance of quasi-synchronous detection with a conventional type of tuning system.
Abstract: System considerations in synchronous detection of the composite video signal are analyzed. It is shown that the bandwidth of the reference channel influences the quality of the synchronous detection system. The bandwidth that is practical in the reference channel depends upon the type of tuning system employed. A closed loop frequency synthesizer tuning system with quartz crystal stability and accuracy is the best solution. However, it is possible to improve the performance of quasi-synchronous detection with a conventional type of tuning system by reducing staticphase error in the estimated carrier and retaining or re-establishing the integrity of the AM sideband pairs in the reference channel before amplitude limiting.
9 citations
TL;DR: The U-matic videocassette has been applied to broadcast uses, drawing worldwide attention as discussed by the authors, and has been shown to have superior performance over the U-Vox system.
Abstract: Videotape recorders intended for the consumer market began to appear about 1964. Since then, many new developments have appeared in the recording of the chroma signal, in the increase of recording density, and in the mechanism of recorders. These developments have brought about the introduction of cassettes to house the videotapes. Representative of such a trend is the U-matic videocassette, the superior performance of which has opened up many technical applications. Recently, the U-matic system has begun to be applied to broadcast uses, drawing worldwide attention.
9 citations
TL;DR: Zenith's new 19V 100°ABLE tube employs a new extended field lens (EFL) gun which utilizes a novel axial potential distribution and spot size performance is significantly better than that of contemporary large neck delta gun tubes.
Abstract: Small neck inline beam color picture tubes and self-convergent yokes are rapidly gaining in popularity. The principal incentive for this trend is, of course, the cost savings resulting from self-convergence. Although this combination produces competitive performance in small picture sizes, conventional small neck, bi-potential, inline guns do not produce adequate resolution for large screen sizes. Zenith's new 19V 100°ABLE tube(l) employs a new extended field lens (EFL) gun which overcomes this limitation. This extended field lens utilizes a novel axial potential distribution. Spot size performance for the gun is significantly better than that of contemporary large neck delta gun tubes.
TL;DR: In this article, a rotatable unidirectional antenna is used to overcome interference other than "snow", such as ghosting due to multipath transmission, man-made noise, and adjacent channel interference.
Abstract: Why are TV antennas so large? A typical allband television antenna for home reception is about nine feet wide and nine feet long. Mounted on a mast with a rotator, the antenna requires a turning radius of more than six feet. The size is dictated by the half wavelength at channel 2(54 MHz), which is about nine feet. Typically, such an antenna has a gain of 3 or 4 dB above a half-wave dipole at channel 2. In weak signal areas, an antenna of this size is indeed required to overcome random noise, commonly referred to as \"snow\". Clearly the size of a standard antenna is awkward and, in many homes, there just is not the space available to install it, particularly with a rotator. Furthermore, most homes today are located in the strong signal areas of their principal TV stations, where there is usually no need for large antennas to overcome \"snow\". At some locations, clear pictures may be received from some stations with \"rabbit ears\" or even with hardly any antenna at all. However, a rotatable unidirectional antenna is often needed to overcome interferences other than \"snow\". Such interferences are: 1) \"Ghosts\" due to multipath transmission 2) Man-made noise 3) Co-channel and adjacent channel interference. \"Rabbit ears\" type indoor antennas are not unidirectional, require frequent adjustment, are sensitive to the location of people in the room, take up a fair amount of living space, and are usually located where the quality of reception is particularly poor. Thus, between standard outdoor and indoor antennas there is a need for a small \"urban\" type TV antenna which has unidirectional characteristics, can be rotated for best picture quality, and can be easily installed indoors or outdoors.
TL;DR: Teletext is the generic name of the system of transmitting written material through conventional television transmitting equipment, and receiving, decoding, and displaying it on a domestic television receiver.
Abstract: Teletext is the generic name of the system of transmitting written material through conventional television transmitting equipment, and receiving, decoding, and displaying it on a domestic television receiver
TL;DR: This second class includes not only process applications such as CRT phosphor screening and IC resistor trimming, but television signal recording applications as well, and the word "signal" must be emphasized in this discussion.
Abstract: Optics and television have come together in many ways, both in straightforward image-forming applications and, more recently, in \"invisible\" applications where the light handled by the systems doesn't come from natural sources and isn't received by human eyes. This second class includes not only process applications such as CRT phosphor screening and IC resistor trimming, but television signal recording applications as well. In this discussion, the word \"signal\" must be emphasized. There is a long history of the recording of television images, from \"kinescopes\" made by photographing a CRT faceplate up through the Image Transfonm system using a raster-scanning electron beam writing directly on film, where the intent has been the production of a projectible movie. Today we are concerned with systems which play back through a standard television receiver. It is possible to record two-dimensional images and then scan them back to produce a one-dimensional electrical comprehensible to the television set; this has been done in the EVR system of CBS with images written directly on film and in both the Holotape system of RCA and a recent disc system shown by Hitachi in which Fourier holograms are reconstructed to yield images. One basic problem of all such systems is the need to scan the recovered image; this requires the presence of flying spot scanners or vidicons in all players and is thus economically and technically unattractive. By concentrating on the television signal and not forming an image until the signal is displayedon the user's TV set, several groups around the world have realized great improvements in simplicity and performance of home video players.
TL;DR: This system for broadcasting a discrete quadraphonic program over a single FM transmitter is compatible with current monophonic and biphonic broadcasting and also with current SCA service.
Abstract: Described below is a system for broadcasting a discrete quadraphonic program over a single FM transmitter. The system is compatible with current monophonic and biphonic (stereophonic) broadcasting and also with current SCA service. The system maintains 15 kHz bandwidth for the audio signals.
TL;DR: In this signal processing system for video disc and home use VTR based on the time-division-multiplex technique, a burst sinusoidal signal is added in the horizontal synchronizing pulse and a playback time reference is derived from it.
Abstract: This paper reports on a signal processing system for video disc and home use VTR based on the time-division-multiplex technique. In this system, the chrominance signal is compressed along the time axis and put in the horizontal blanking period. Thus, it is time-division-multiplexed with the luminance signal. The time-compression is achieved by the time conversion operation of specially developed analog memory. This memory transfers majority carriers in bulk silicon and is provided with sufficient frequency range for the time compression and expansion. In order to eliminate the influence of time base error which is generally introduced during recording and playback processes, a burst sinusoidal signal is added in the horizontal synchronizing pulse and a playback time reference is derived from it.
TL;DR: The recent adoption of a new series of network transmission test signals and the adoption of the VITS concept by the FCC in connection with the operation of television broadcast stations by remote control are described.
Abstract: Vertical interval test signals (VITS) have been used for network transmission testing for about 20 years. What makes the subject of interest at the present time is: the recent adoption of a new series of network transmission test signals; the adoption of the VITS concept by the FCC in connection with the operation of television broadcast stations by remote control, and by the recent development of equipment which provides for the automatic remote monitoring of VITS and of other equipment which will provide for the automatic correction of distortions in the system as indicated by the test signals. The ultimate goal of VITS is higher quality television pictures --a goal which is becoming more and more important in order to fully exploit current technological advances including the trend towards larger picture display devices. This paper will describe the new network transmission test signals, the FCC test signals, how and why they differ, and how the signals are being utilized. The paper will also include a discussion of how the television industry is working together to develop a plan for the efficient use of all of the vertical blanking interval --in order to provide for these test signals as well as for a variety of other types of signals.
TL;DR: The SQ Logic System is a technique for enhancing the LINEAR PROCESSING four channel separation of an SQ matrix encoded stereo by examining phase and amplitude relationships processing paths within thi between signals and makes a logical decision relinear path for signal transference gains.
Abstract: The SQ Logic System is a technique for enhancing the LINEAR PROCESSING four channel separation of an SQ matrix encoded stereo As shown in Figure 1, system. By examining phase and amplitude relationships processing paths within thi between signals, the system makes a logical decision relinear path for signal transn garding the source location of any dominant signal and and a non-linear path in wh adjusts signal transmission gains to enhance that signal dynamic gain control signa relative to other channels. Since good stereo separation coder performs the initial d (i.e., left/right) is maintained in the SQ system, this ensignals into four channels hancement is: applied only to front/back gain relationming.1 These signals are ap ships. Two systems will be described, \"full logic\" and amplifier (VCA) and to the \"variable blend.\" it. there are two distinct signal .e system, a gain controlled nission from input to output, ich the logic is performed and ds developed. The matrix delematrixing of encoded stereo by phase shifting and sum)plied to a voltage controlled logic circuit which controls
TL;DR: Zenith's fine reputation for deep fringe reception was based on the performance of its "Bulls Eye" tuner, which weighed about 5 pounds and was 6 inches by 34 inches by 7 inches.
Abstract: It was replaced in 1952 by the much smaller \"Bulls Eye\", which weighed about 5 pounds and was 6 inches by 34 inches by 7 inches. The name \"Bulls Eye\" was coined because it had the first local oscillator that was presettable by the viewer. This meant the viewer didn't have to adjust the fine tuning each time he changed channels. It used a cascode circuit in the RF amplifier and had a Noise Figure of about 9db. Zenith's fine reputation for deep fringe reception was based on the performance of its \"Bulls Eye\" tuner.
TL;DR: The development of the RCA 25V/1 100 Precision In-Line Color Picture Tube represents the evolution of the 900 precision in-line concept into a large-screen 1100 format and required several significant design innovations that are described in this paper.
Abstract: The development of the RCA 25V/1 100 Precision In-Line Color Picture Tube represents the evolution of the 900 precision in-line concept into a large-screen 1100 format. The 900 precision in-line system was introduced in 1973*. Since that time, this completely self-coverging system has been in commercial use in the worldwide market in 13V through 19V screen sizes. The extension of this concept to the 25V screen size and 11 0° deflection angle required several significant design innovations that are described in this paper. The 25V/ 1100 Precision In-Line Color Picture Tube Assembly was designed and is in commercial production for the European Market under the commercial type designation A67-61OX. Some of the descriptive features of this color picture tube assembly are shown in Figure 1. The significance of these features in the development of the 25V/1 100 color picture tube assembly is discussed in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the aperture mask is replaced with an aperture mask to compensate for the blocked beam current in current color CRTs, which leads to increased beam spot size on the phosphor screen and inferior spatial frequency reproduction characteristics.
Abstract: The greater part of the beam current in current color CRTs is blocked by the aperture masks. Consequently relatively high electron beam currents are required to obtain sufficient brightness, and this usually leads to increased beam spot size on the phosphor screen and to inferior spatial frequency reproduction characteristics. In order to remedy this drawback, the usual practice has been to boost the amplitude of the luminance signal in the high-frequency region. Typical of such methods is the so-called "aperture-compensation method".
TL;DR: The Direct Address System employs a unique remote control that features on-screen display of the selected channel number and the time-of-day, eliminating the necessity of having to sequence through a series of undesired channels.
Abstract: The Direct Address System employs a unique remote control that features on-screen display of the selected channel number and the time-of-day. In addition the user selects channels by addressing the system with the channel number desired, therefore, eliminating the necessity of having to sequence through a series of undesired channels, as is the case with most channel selection systems.
TL;DR: A meeting of the Joint Committee for Inter-Society Coordination (JCIC) was called in 1968 to determine the most effective way to deal with the problem of variation in color characteristics observed on home receivers.
Abstract: Color television in the United States began to grow rapidly in the early 1960' s. As the transition took place from a primarily monochrome to a primarily color service, it became increasingly evident that the color characteristics observed on home receivers varied substantially from program to program and station to station. At the suggestion of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), a meeting of the Joint Committee for Inter-Society Coordination (JCIC) was called in 1968 to determine the most effective way to deal with the problem.
TL;DR: The VHF and UHF tuners are separate units, and each is manufactured and tested by itself as mentioned in this paper, and they are electrically interconnected and, in effect, comprise a three band, all channel, varactor tuner.
Abstract: The VHF and UHF tuners are separate units, and each is manufactured and tested by itself. In the television instrument they are electrically interconnected and, in effect, comprise a three band, all channel, varactor tuner. In those instruments using the electromechanical channel selection system, the two units are mounted together with brackets and interconnections so as to provide a single V-U unit. In those instruments featuring the digital direct address system, each tuner is mounted on its associated address system module.
TL;DR: The anufacturing cost of a video disc can be quite low: how low depends on the particular system --there are thin, flexible discs, thick rigid discs, discs with and without coatings, self-protecting discs and discs that require a protective package.
Abstract: The anufacturing cost of a video disc can be quite low: how low depends on the particular system --there are thin, flexible discs, thick rigid discs, discs with and without coatings, self-protecting discs and discs that require a protective package. In any case, disc cost will be strongly dependent on quantity. Like audio discs, video discs nust be massproduced to be economical. At least this applies to discs that are pressed or molded; for optical players, discs can also be made one-at-a-time by photographic recording.
TL;DR: It would be necessary to offer additional program materials to suite the variety and individuality of home viewers by more efficient and effective communication than conventional ways within limited bandwidth.
Abstract: More and more information may be demanded by people for better living and business. In the area of broadcasting, it would be necessary to offer additional program materials to suite the variety and individuality of home viewers by more efficient and effective communication than conventional ways within limited bandwidth.
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of LSI frequency synthesizer circuits and their application to television and citizen band radio are described, with a single crystal as the basic frequency reference, these circuits produce tuning accuracy and long term stability for a large number of frequencies at lower cost than for mechanical or crystal multiplexing methods.
Abstract: A family of LSI frequency synthesizer circuits and their application to television and Citizen Band Radio are described. With a single crystal as the basic frequency reference, these circuits produce tuning accuracy and long term stability for a large number of frequencies at lower cost than for mechanical or crystal multiplexing methods.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a flat configuration of air core coils with thickness of about two diameters of the conducting atrand plus insulation is proposed. And the area of these flat coils for a given inductance is equal to the projected area of the comparable helix plus the area for one turn of that helix.
Abstract: Air core coils can be made in a flat configuration with thickness of about two diameters of the conducting atrand plus insulation. They can be wound of wire (WPI's: wound planar inductors) or made on printed circuit boards (PPI's: printed planar inductors). The area of these flat coils for a given inductance is equal to the projected area of the comparable helix plus the area of one turn of that helix. Advantages over conventional belical coils include greatly reduced bulk, increased mechanical aid electrical stability because of flat supporting mounting, high coefficients of coupling, the possibility of making them by etched circuit methods. Distributed capacitances are bigher and Q's slightly lower than for comparable helixes.
TL;DR: Phase locked loops built around quadrature detector I.C.'s for AM detectors, CD-4 record decoders, video player detectors and FM broadcast receiver detectors are easily designed and built.
Abstract: Phase locked loops built around quadrature detector I.C.'s are extremely simple and low in cost. Using one type of I.C. and a suitable voltage controlled oscillator, phase locked loops for AM detectors, CD-4 record decoders, video player detectors and FM broadcast receiver detectors are easily designed and built. The same design equations apply to all types of loops and necessary constants are easily measured or calculated. Performance in all cases exceeds that of conventional detectors or even I.C.'s designed specifically for the purpose.
TL;DR: A novel design is described here which accomplishes peaking, gain control, subcarrier removal and black level clamping in an optimum manner, and which features nonlinear picture quality enhancement as well as variable, phase corrected peaking.
Abstract: The functions of peaking, gain control, subcarrier removal and black level clamping which are normally required in consumer color television receivers are typically handled in the low level luminace signal processing system, A novel design is described here which accomplishes these functions in an optimum manner, and which, in addition, features nonlinear picture quality enhancement as well as variable, phase corrected peaking.