Showing papers in "International journal of advanced research in electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering in 2017"

New Flexible Weibull Distribution

Abstract: In the present paper, a new function is suggested to develop a new lifetime model. The new model is proposed by considering the linear scheme of the two logarithms of cumulative hazard functions. The proposed model is known as New Flexible Weibull distribution, capable of modeling data with increasing or bathtub shaped failure rates and offers a greater distribution flexibility. Therefore, it can be useful to use an alternative model to many other ageing distributions, where, data modeling with increasing or bathtub shaped failure rates are of interest. A brief mathematical explanation for the reliability function is provided. The parameters of the proposed model are estimated by using the maximum likelihood method. To claim the workability of the proposed model, two illustrated examples are provided.

Review on Internet of Things: Recent Applications and its Challenges

Abstract: Now a day’s Internet of things is hot topic and fast growing field IoT is a sort of “universal global neural network” in the cloud which connects various things The IoT is intelligently connected devices and systems which comprised of smart machines interacting and communicating with other machines, environments, objects and infrastructures and the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and sensor network technologies will rise to meet this new challenge In each and every organization to send information about the people we use emails, website and notice boards but in most of countries internet access is available for transferring information to people via mobile devices and on systems which is easier, fast and less cost through internet The main aim of this paper gives detailed analysis of Internet of things and various applications in the field of industry, home, retail, medical, agriculture, automotives and transportation, energy and defence and for new related technologies in addition to challenges that facing the development of IoT This paper helps to researchers who want to do research in the field of Internet of Things

Study of Load Forecasting Techniques using Fuzzy Logic

Abstract: In today’s world, load forecasting is an important part of planning in power system for developing countries, to utilise power more efficiently. In developing countries like India, Ethiopia, Ghana, large amount of power is wasted due to inaccurate generation, transmission, and distribution. It is due to lack of accuracy in forecasting the daily load. Forecasting of electricity demand is a fundamental process for planning periodical operations and future load growth in the electricity sector. Thus, accurate load forecasting plays a vital role in reducing the generation cost and optimising the spinning reserve capacity. Various authors have conducted research on the analysis of load forecasting and methods to improve the accuracy and efficiency in prediction. This paper presents a review of research and development in load forecasting methods for improving the forecasted error using fuzzy logic. The accuracy of the prediction model constructed using fuzzy logic is better than the forecasting models based on classical prediction methods.

Measurement of Redox Potential and pH in Plants and their Function in the Mechanism of Plant Resistance and in Plant Physiology

Abstract: The study of biophysical states in plants was initiated 35 years ago in connection with the looking for the mechanism of plant resistance to parasites. Here the attention was focused on the variable resistance of cereals to obligate parasites such as powdery mildew and rusts. It was necessary to find out a factor which changes during the ontogeny and through the environment and which involves: 1. The disease gradients on plant, 2. The change of susceptibility of organs during the ontogeny and growth, 3. The difference in resistance in individual plant cells, 4. Relatively swift changes of resistance during a couple of hours. This factor could be found in the biophysical states of plant organs (redox potential (RP) and pH).The method of RP measurement in plant tissues in aerobic conditions and measurement in hypoxia are presented. The redox state changes during the growth and development of organs and is influenced by the outer conditions such as light, temperature, moisture, growth regulators, nutrition, etc. and by the organ senescence.This is not a standard redox potential, as defined in physical chemistry, which is constant, but redox potential in plant is dependent on activity of respiration enzymes and it changes. The actual state can be red from the lower turn point of mV changes on indication instrument (milivoltmetre) with input resistance at least 10 MΩ. A hypothesis was formulated for further investigation: The principle of resistance consists in the ability of the parasite to gain the energy in the host cell. The parasite uses the terminal oxidase of the host plasma lemma. The specific phenolics are the substrate for this enzyme. The main features of this hypothesis are: 1. There is no free oxygen in the cell plasma. 2. The redox potentials are generated by the respiration of the cells by the sum of activities in cell organelles which produce the electrons and the activity of oxidoreductase (the terminal oxidase) in the plasma lemma. The electron carriers can permeate from the cell to the environment and they are soluble in water. 3. The redox potential is the basis of electric gradients in the plant which plays the main role in its integrity as well as for the life of the parasite. 4. The parasite respires through the terminal oxidase of the host. 5. The environmental conditions influence the enzyme activity of host and parasite cells differently by which different redox potentials may appear in the host and parasite cells resulting in unspecific oxidation or reduction of electron carriers. 6. The acidity of the host cells determinates the formation of conidia or cleistothecia (in powdery mildew) or formation of redia or telia (in rusts). 7. Depend on redox potential it is possible to explain some correlations in plants. Without knowledge of RP gradients it is not possible to explain the integrity of plants and related phenomena.

Power Quality Analysis by the Ripple Technique

Abstract: Characteristic of Power quality has been since the inception of the electrical Power system However, the topic of power quality has attracted particular attention in recent years due to the increase of electronically controlled Power quality problems caused disruptions to electrical or electronic equipment and the resulting consequences are very expensive Ripple techniques will be studied in this paper for analyzing power quality monitoring In the case study based on the measurement of the site of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Thailand and it was examined using the proposed ripple technique

Discuss the Impairments of SC-FDMA System

Abstract: The Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system is a popular system in mobile communication systems because of its advantage of low Peak-to-Average-Power- Ratio (PAPR), and the use of frequency-domain equalizers techniques to reduce Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI). This paper presents a comprehensive study of the SC-FDMA system with PAPR reduction using clipping and filtering in the presence of channel estimation errors for two different versions of SC-FDMA adopting the FFT and the DCT. The effect of peak power reduction and the channel estimation error on the system Bit Error Rate (BER) is investigated. Simulation results have proved that the BER performance is not much affected by the PAPR reduction.

Fault Analysis of Injection Substation Using Symmetrical Component Method and Validation of Results Using MATLAB: a Case Study of Mofor Injection Substation, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract: This study centers on the fault analysis of 15MVA Mofor Injection Substation, which is an Injection Substation located in Warri, Delta state which gets its source from PTI transmission station Mofor Injection substation has two outgoing feeders which are Orhuwhorun feeder and Ekete feeder The analysis was carried out and deductions were made considering the various faults which occurred during the period of assessment and their associated fault current was calculated using symmetrical Component method of Fault analysis A model of the distribution network was made using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program [ETAP]; the value of real and reactive powers and voltage magnitudes in the whole network was observed From data obtained from the injection substation indicates that Orhuwhorun feeder has a higher frequency of fault and from results obtained from Symmetrical method of fault analysis revealed that double Line to ground fault has the highest fault current and could cause adverse damages to equipment’s and as such must be avoided The fault current calculated from Symmetrical component method of Fault analysis was validated with computer program MATLAB as results agreed closely since error was below 01% This paper covers the transient stability analysis of 33/11 kV Substation of Mofor Injection Substation and the results are based on actual data received from the substation

Design and Construction of a Quadcopter with Payload for Pipeline Inspection and Surveillance

Abstract: The aim of this study was to create a sustainable and flexible platform for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) capable of carrying out inspection in real-time on a pipeline facility and perform surveillance actions using a quadcopter design profile. In other to achieve this, special components were used and certain equations governing the choice of components were considered. The design analysis of this project was carried out in two stages (Hardware and Software), with each stage subdivided further into smaller stages (Requirements, alternatives, decision criteria, decision, and implementation details). To safely fly the quadcopter, various tests were carried out on the individual components and the quadcopter at whole to ensure everything was functioning properly before flight. Two test stages were carried out on the quadcopter, these tests are Unit tests and Flight tests. After concluding the pre-flight and post flight tests, results were gotten and tables were created. The graphs in section IV show the results gotten. The results obtained in this study showed that the system was capable of attaining autonomous flight at a height of 20 meters and a range of 30 feet.

A Novel Compact Multiband Antenna Design for Wireless Applications

Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas are becoming essential component in many emerging wireless communication applications. The high demand of these antennas in such devices is due to a number of attractive properties of these antennas. This paper present a novel design of microstrip patch antenna, which can be used in mobile devices for microwave, wireless communication and e-Health applications. The proposed design of the antenna is based on multi rectangular structured slots on the patch in order to operate at multiple frequency bands. The slots are designed on the rectangular patch and fed by a microstrip feeder line. The proposed design and quarter wave transformer feeding technique allows the antenna to operate at multiple frequencies in the range of 2-9 GHz which includes most of the wireless applications. It is shown that six different operational frequency bands have voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2, which is an acceptable range for short to medium range wireless communication. The operating bands of frequency are: 2.8 GHz, 2.9 GHz, 4.0 GHz, 4.5 GHz, 7.6 GHz and 8.0 GHz with VSWR is ≤ 2. The proposed design shows low values of Return Loss and an efficient transmission of input power.

Fault Classification in Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Based on the Hierarchical Temporal Memory

Abstract: In this paper a novel machine intelligence framework called the Hierarchical Temporal Memory is used for fault classification in double transmission lines. Fault location data estimation including associated transmission line parameter values are obtained via computer simulations. The fault location data generation problem is then reformulated into a multi-class state using a unique data transformation technique. The proposed technique is compared with two very popular state-of-the art machine learning algorithms – the Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (OS-ELM) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results show that the proposed HTM model clearly outperformed the OS-ELM and SVM technique.

Designing of Circular Monopole Patch Antenna Loaded with Split Ring Resonator

Abstract: The EM conduct of the coplanar waveguide fed, filled split ring resonator to the ultra-wideband antenna with single band notch symptoms have offered. The proposed size of antenna 30 × 35 × 1.6 mm3 is very compact and easy to integrate with handheld devices. Here the antenna loaded with SRRs to create single frequency notch in 6.41 GHz to 8.26 GHz used for X-band satellite communication. The radiation pattern of H-plane is omnidirectional and radiation pattern of E-plane exhibits like a dipole. The antenna gain is stable across the absolute operating frequency besides at notch. Therefore, a VSWR <2 with a large bandwidth was clearly identifiable. This work investigates several problems simulated using High frequency structure simulator tool.

Improved Diagnosis and Fault Tolerant Control Wind Power System Using SlidingMode Observer

Abstract: In this paper, we present a grid-connected wind turbine equipped with double-fed induction generator directly connected to the grid in the stator side and interconnected via a power converter in the rotor side. Then we present a fault tolerant control (FTC) based on sliding mode observer for stator winding fault of DFIG. We develop an algorithm that allows the passage from nominal controllers designed for healthy condition, to robust controllers designed for faulty condition. Simulation results have shown good performances of the system under these proposed approach strategies.

High Speed IIR Notch Filter Using Pipelined Technique

Abstract: Filters are being designed using the HDL languages to increase their speed. Increase in the speed of the individual block leads to increase in the speed of complete block. Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA) based design and implementation of extremely high speed realization of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) notch filter. The basic 2nd ordered notch filter structure is implementable in Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA with maximum clock frequency of ~80MHz. Here, we propose a FPGA based design of extremely high speed notch filter effectively operating at maximum clock frequency of ~1200MHz with the help of Scattered-Look-Ahead (SLA) pipelining with power-of-2- decomposition approach, proper retiming and unfolding applied over its basic low-speed structure. To generalize its FPGA based design for specific speed up factor, a new efficient simpler approach utilizing Pascal’s Triangle is proposed to calculate the multiplier coefficients of feed-forward and feedback sections of extremely high speed notch filter.

Improvement of Sensitivity and Noise of a Fluxgate Magnetometer using Modified Firefly Optimization Algorithm

Abstract: Measurements of the magnetic field of the Earth and low frequency magnetic field disturbance require a small size, highly sensitive, low noise, and stable magnetic sensor with directional capabilities. Fluxgate magnetometer design problems usually involve a large number of design variables with multiple objectives under complex nonlinear constraints. The methods for solving fluxgate multi-objective optimization problems can be significantly different from the methods for fluxgate single objective optimization. No matter how simple the problem may be, finding the optimal solution for a nonlinear multi-objective fluxgate optimization problem requires complex numerical effort. Meta-heuristic algorithms start to show their advantages in dealing with nonlinear multi-objective optimization problems. In this paper, the recently developed single-objective Firefly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) was modified to solve fluxgate multi-objective optimization problems. A complete magnetometer based on fluxgate principle for magnetic field measurement has been developed using a ferrite ring core with wire-wound excitation and pick-up coils. The fluxgate magnetometer consists of a fluxgate sensor with electronic circuitry based on second-harmonic detection. The sensing method is based on the conventional type of fluxgate magnetometer with detection of second harmonics by a phase sensitive detector. The sensor realized shows a linear full scale in the range of ±49.44µT with a sensitivity of 97.08mV/μT. In addition, when compared to the existing sensors, the modified FOA sensor exhibited a reduction of the core dimension by 38.9%, the reduction in the pick-up coil winding turns by 66%, increased magnetic field range by 64.8 %, and increased sensitivity by a factor of 8.5.

Eigenvalue Loci of Small Signal Stability in Induction Motor

Abstract: This paper presents new loci of the eigenvalue which obtained from the characteristic equation of induction machine model represented in synchronous flux wave reference frame, which is time invariant frame. It discusses the inherent instability when the motor shaft is excited by small forced oscillation, and shows the analysis and the form of the dominant mode and the mode of causing the instability in the whole range of operating conditions. Stability analysis is investigated from the perturbation variables which relate to small signal model, and the eigenvalue loci is given by varying the important machine parameters within the range of operation.

Implementation of Efficient Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Charging

Abstract: Renewable energy sources are need of our future. The vehicles depend on fossil fuels for their daily trips; hence problems will arise in future as they are limited. There is a requirement to preserve the same. Plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) is future of our transportation system which will alleviate the use of fossil fuel to a great extent. Plug-in hybrid vehicle strategy is in demand as it relies less on combustion fuels. In this paper a solar based charging station idea is presented. There is on-going research to increase the efficiency of solar panel. It is difficult to increase the efficiency by changing the internal structure, therefore, a new technique called externally tarp the light is used to increase the efficiency of solar panel. A parabolic concentrator is designed which is then 3D printed. It reflects the photons that are incident on the surface and thus with retro-reflection efficiency gets increased. For an instance the vehicle’s battery is at threshold then to serve it mobile chargers (MC) are used. So here we have developed an android application that can alleviate range anxiety problem of PHEV users. It has various features like call the Mobile Servers (MS), range prediction with current battery status and slot booking. The mobile server relies on queuing technique that find out design parameter for such mobile charging system. Here, the design parameter is NJN (next-job-next) technique. In NJN, MC provides service to nearest PHEV when done with the recent one. As the charging stations are limited there is need to book the same. So, the application helps the driver to do the same. So, our main motto is to reduce range anxiety problem of PHEV users and preserve the environment by reducing harmful emissions from vehicles.

Experimental Verification of the Speed Performance of PMSM Using DS1104 dSPACEwith Load Disturbance

Abstract: A novel design implementation of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) combined with state observer for a Permanent Magnet Synchr onous Motor (PMSM) is proposed. The precise speed estimation is achieved using kalman algorithm and the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique is used to tune the PID controller parameters. The disturbance rejection is achieved using observer based PID controller and its error is retained and will act as immune to disturbance rejection. The proposed methodology combines the best features of EKF estimator and that of the observer based PID controller and greatly enhances the PMSM speed control performance compared to the case when an EKF and observer acting alone. The PMSM speed controller is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK and DS1104 dSPACE board. The experimental results for the speed response variations when the PMSM is subjected to the load disturbance are presented. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method

Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Vehicle

Abstract: In the era of mechanical world you have to deal with new technology and ideas so the first thing is design which should be stable in surrounding. To get the final product we will use such a frame which can be modified for car, boat and as well as for helicopter. Frame have to deal with three type of moving objects so it is important to analysis before it’s fabrication, that it can bear forces. We should have to visualize it’s modification and material.

TIC-TOC-TOE Encryption for MANET Routing Protocols

Abstract: In the case of an emergency such as a disaster or any rescue operations during Military wars, a communication network is needed. But for an immediate communication, it is not possible to wait for a network to be created. In such cases, a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is used to create a temporary network. MANET is a temporarily formed network, which is a self-forming and self-configuring network. This network automatically forms a communication network by requesting help form the neighbouring nodes. Since MANETs are taking help from neighbouring nodes, there is no guarantee that the responding node is a trusted node. To be precise, the intermediate node should not change the content of the message. Many researches have provided solutions to this problem in the form of assigning certificates to the trusted nodes, verifying signatures of the nodes, authenticating the message, encrypting(hiding the message) etc. Each method is best in its own right but the attackers are succeeding in guessing the message by trial and error methods. Our method proposes a new encryption technique named as TIC-TOC-TOE encryption, which encrypts the data to be sent with prescribed shapes. To reduce the time of encryption, data compression is used before encrypting the data. By reducing the redundant data before applying encryption algorithm, encryption time can be reduced. So by using encoding and encryption data can be protected from eavesdropping. Here we are presenting an optimized encoding technique along with the encryption technique. The experimental results show that our proposed method performs better than many existing techniques with respect to compression ratio, encryption and decryption times and the speed of compression. The analysis includes comparison of encryption time and decryption time. For this analysis, we used NS 2.35 in a laptop with 2.4GHz CPU, in which the performance data is collected. This algorithm takes less processing time and it will work faster for encryption and decryption. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm will produce better performance than the other common encrypted algorithms.

Electrical Stimulation Applications in Functional Activities

Abstract: It has now been widely used in research on stroke patients. It is for the regulations of the brain’s neural plasticity have not yet quantified evidence. It is worth further exploration. It is an integrated analysis of the way through the EMG system, which is to assess the reproducibility of transcranial electric stimulation (transcranial electric stimulation, rTMS) for stroke patients with upper limb motor function. Whether it has efficacy, and to further explore the relationship between the stimulation pattern and effect. This paper proposes a method for analyzing a stroke patient after by brain stimulation can activate the entire brain hurt. Investigation incompetent driving finger stalls, then the application of science and technology to create an artificial arms with MEMS accelerometers and motion control equipment.

Performance Analysis of Flower Pollination Algorithm Based Controllers in AGC of Multi Area Power System

Abstract: This article presents the design and analysis of two degree of freedom (2DOF) controller with integral plus double derivative (2DOF-IDD) and with proportion plus integral plus derivative (2DOF-PID) controller for Automatic generation control (AGC) of multi area power systems with two thermal and two wind system using Flower pollination algorithm (FPA). Secondary controller gains and other parameters are simultaneously optimized using most recent technique called FPA. The system dynamics responses obtained with 2DOF-IDD controller are compared with that obtained from other 2DOF controllers like 2DOF-PI and 2DOF-PID controller. Investigation shows that 2DOF-PI and 2DOF-PID give nearly same response but 2DOF-IDD gives much better response than other two controllers

Co: Fe2O3, CoxZn1-xFe2O4 Thin Films Grown byChemical Spray Pyrolysis for Gas SensorApplication

Abstract: Air pollution caused by toxic, flammable and explosive gases, detection of some hazardous gases is impossible for human, because some gases like CO and H2 are odourless and tasteless as well as colourless. Furthermore in some cases absolute gas concentrations is very low to be detected by human nose. Therefore development and fabrication of a device for early detection of certain flammable, explosive, and toxic gases are extremely necessary. For this purpose, different devices have been developed toward tract detection of such pollution gases. Consequently, the development of cheap and reliable devices for detection of gases is considered to be a significant goal in science. In this study, iron oxide compound triple and quaternary iron oxide compounds with Zn, Co metal dopants were grown by using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) technique. The structural, optical, magnetic properties of Co:Fe2O3, CoxZn1-xFe2O4 compounds have been extensively investigated. XRD, Raman, SEMEDAX and AFM techniques have been used for structural analysis; Absorption technique has been used for optical properties; Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques have been used for magnetic properties. XRD analysis of the growth films revealed that Co:Fe2O3 film has monoclinic, CoxZn1-xFe2O4 films have cubic polycrystalline structures. Gas sensors can be made from various materials depending on the purposes they serve. Regardless type of gas sensor, general requirements for a reliable gas sensor is high sensitivity, fast response, and good selectivity. It was found that Co:Fe2O3 and CoxZn1-xFe2O4 thin films operating at 200°C temperature could detect H2 at 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm concentration and at 600 s time with very high selectivity and sensitivity, with better stability.

VLSI Design of Low Power Fault Detection in SRAM using BIST

Abstract: Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) has become a key factor in new modern VLSI systems. Memories become more vulnerable to faults when the complexity of these memories increase as the technology shrinks. This detection of faults in SRAM has been a time consuming process. Hence transient current testing methods are used. This paper implements a transient current testing method to detect faults in Complementary MOSFET (CMOS) SRAM cells. By monitoring a transient current pulse during a write operation or a read operation, faults can be detected. In order to detect the fault, a Built in self-test (BIST) circuit is developed. Simulations are carried out on a 13T SRAM circuit, to detect the difference in waveform. To minimize the testing power in 13T SRAM were designed using transmission gates. It can be simulated using 0.25 μm CMOS process technology and also compared their simulation results with 6T SRAM cell. These qualities of the proposed design make it for high performance memory chips in the semiconductor industries.

Development and Designing of Automatic WireCutting System using Microcontroller

Abstract: This paper presented “This paper presents the Development and designing of Automatic wire cutting system based on Microcontroller for industrial Application in real time. The proposed system implements a real time state of art automatic wire cutting system. The system is based on an ARM 7. Preliminary result shows that embed platform are a promising path for the implementation of “Automatic Wire Cutting System” application in real world. In recent years of technology, automation has reduced human efforts and errors to a large extent. The development of automatic wire cutting system will reduce human efforts required to cut the wire in proper length. The time required for cutting different length wires depends on efficiency of workers. Quality depends on accuracy and skill of workers. ARM 7 microcontrollers has been used to control the operation of the system. This system saves time required for cutting the wires. Workers cost is also saved. This system will increase the efficiency of industry by saving time and money. The results are analysed using proteus as well real time experiments.

Morphology and Optical Properties of SiO2 Embedded in Porous Alumina Matrix (Al2O3) Deposited on Transparent Polypropylene (TPP) Leaf: For Reflective Surfaces

Abstract: In this work, Silicon oxide (SiO2) is deposited in a porous alumina matrix (PAM) on transparent polypropylene (TPP) leaf, by a radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVD method. The morphological and microstructural property of (SiO2/PAM/TPP) structure is investigated by TEM, EDX, XRD technique and Raman spectroscopy. Crystallization of the amorphous SiO2/PAM/TPP is obtained after deposition at was 650°C at different deposition time ranging from 20 to 60 min. The effect of deposition on the optical properties of SiO2/PAM/TPP structure was studied by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) in the spectral range 0.3-0.8 μm. The Ellipsometric analysis demonstrated the formation of mixture layers with SiO2 diffused in porous alumina barrier layer different deposition time. The optical constants, thickness and the composition of each film have been estimated from the SE data using Bruggeman effective medium approximation. PL spectroscopy was used to investigate the band gap energy of SiO2/PAM, the origin of emission PL spectra as well as the observed red-shift have been discussed, this observation has been confirmed with reflectivity measurements. As a consequence the reflectivity reaches 99% when SiO2/PAM/TPP films obtained were SiO2 deposed at 50 min.

Identification of Faults in Medium UndergroundCables System: Rwanda Case Study.

Abstract: Electric power systems are gaining progress all over the world which results in increase of cables in operation and their total length. Underground cables have been widely implemented since long time ago due to reliability and environmental concerns. To enhance the reliability of a distribution system, proper identification of a faulted segment is required in order to reduce time interruption during fault current conditions. Fast and precise fault location play important roles in accelerating system restoration, reducing power outage time, and reduce financial losses, which significantly improve system reliability. This article is a report visit at Rwanda Energy Group, Section of Transmission and distribution, it describes a review on underground faults identification and location then fault identification and location estimation methods based on Centric System for medium distribution voltage in Underground cables being used in Rwanda was explored and then improvement suggestions were recommended at the end of this report.

Alternative Energy Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Abstract: Nowadays, Using electric vehicles are becoming popular transportation in many countries such as U.K., U.S.A. and India etc. According to reduce of the environment impact and cost problem from conventional vehicles which consume energy base on oil and gas. Consequently, the requirement of electric vehicles in the future will significantly increase. However, the electric vehicles charging station which is important element of using electric vehicles seem to not sufficient for these demand in many areas. The problems of the growth electric vehicles charging station is not only increase electrical grid demand but also increase high level emission from petroleum-electrical generation instead of reducing. Hence the aim of this project is optimization the alternative energy system for electric vehicles charging station. In this project using hydro electric energy from metro water pipeline generator as source for charging the vehicles. This device has the ability to charge batteries during both day and night. Proteus simulation verifies the boost converter circuit and other hardware implementation.

A Fuzzy Logic Based Power Plant Conveyor Coal Fired Boiler System

Abstract: Main essence for the thermal power plants that may be either coal or natural gas power plants to be in command of the temperature and pressure controllers (PI.PD, PID) is generally employed. The raw material, coal is nosh in to the boiler using conveyer system and it is a time shifting one. This coordinated boiler turbine system, multivariable complex process, nonlinear and also slowly time variant plant with hefty settling time. This is due to the unpredictable demand in the load side Also it makes the PI.PD, PID controllers to have very a reduced amount of efficiency. To make it as a high efficient one, the FUZZY LOGIC is used to control and it is a self and auto tuning process. The control of boiler temperature and pressure is done by FUZZY logic controller without the human intervension. Sensor materials like Temperature sensor (LM235) and pressure sensor (POTENTIOMETRIC TYPE) are used to sense the temperature and pressure. When the normal level of temperature and pressure value exceeds, it will give the signal to FUZZY controller. Then fuzzy logic controller that is used to control is worn the boiler system by given value to it by using its membership functions values. Since FUZZY logic controller is used, controlling sped is possible at any time Multivariable, nonlinearity and time varying and time varying of the unadventurous coal conveyor system can be easily eliminated. Unremitting controlling is applied by relay unit. Effectiveness is high compare with existing technology. Low temperature and pressure values can be set up in this strategy of FUZZY logic controller comparing with the conventional controller approach.

Device Control Using Intelligent Switch

Abstract: Intelligent switch is capacitive touch sensor which senses the touch. This type of switches takes body capacitance as a input in order to turn ON or OFF the devices which is connected to it and also the regulation of it. The devices controlled are bulb, fan, motor and other electronic appliances. This touch switches are needed in order to overcome the disadvantages of mechanical switches like wear and tare, limited operations, sparks etc. The capacitive touch sense pad which consists of one or more sense buttons. When the person touches the touch pad it takes the body capacitance and that analog signal is converted to digital signal in order to make compatible for the MSP430G2553 microcontroller to operate. This microcontroller contains pin oscillator and PWM which is used to turn ON or OFF and regulation of the particular devices respectively. Finally, the capacitive touch sensor are used to replace the mechanical switches thus providing high reliability, shock proof, trendy looks etc. The regulation of the devices which is connected to these switches can also be done using the same switches. Here regulation means light intensity control in the in bulb, speed control in the case of motor etc. Thus it reduces the power consumption and improves the quality of life.

A Survey on Compact Modified Dumbbell-Shaped DGS Having Square Loops

Abstract: A compact modified dumbbell-shaped DGS (CM-DGS) on coplanar waveguide has two square loops. The small loop is inside the large loop. To further decrease the resonant frequency of this CM-DGS, a third square loop is embedded inside the small square loop and connected to the edge of this small square loop. The overall signal path is extended by the third loop. Simulation of the proposed DGS shows a lower resonant frequency and hence a size reduction effect.