Showing papers in "International Journal of Bio-medical Computing in 1978"
379 citations
55 citations
34 citations
31 citations
TL;DR: An automated technique for the analysis of sleep EOG rapid eye movement (REM) is presented in which the time of occurrence, area, height, duration and binocular symphrony for each REM are measured.
Abstract: Since electro-oculographic (EOG) activity during human sleep appears to be of medical diagnostic and prognostic value, the vast amount of EOG data representative of even a single night's sleep warrants the development of automated pattern recognition and information extraction techniques. Such a technique for the analysis of sleep EOG rapid eye movement (REM) is presented in which the time of occurrence, area, height, duration and binocular synchrony for each REM are measured. This automated technique for sleep EOG analysis is currently used in the investigation of periodicities and values of REM parameters for normal subjects and in the differential diagnosis of affective disorders.
27 citations
TL;DR: Hardware changes and additions to a previously reported sleep rapid eye movement (REM) automatic detection system are described, with the design philosophy of a new and optimum analogue bandpass prefilter and implementation of an artifact detection system for a more accurate detection of seemingly REM-related electro-oculographic (EOG) waveforms.
Abstract: This paper describes hardware changes and additions to a previously reported sleep rapid eye movement (REM) automatic detection system. Specifically, it describes the design philosophy of a new and optimum analogue bandpass prefilter, new detection criteria based on a detailed study of the waveform distortion due to AC coupling and bandpass prefiltering and the implementation of an artifact detection system for a more accurate detection of seemingly REM-related electro-oculographic (EOG) waveforms. Preliminary normative data on phasic REM patterns from young adults, detected by the described system, are also presented.
24 citations
TL;DR: A brief survey of operations research applications to problems of health care systems is made and shows the possibilities which exist for improving the design and operations of hospitals and other health Care systems through the use of operationsResearch approaches.
Abstract: In this paper, a brief survey of operations research applications to problems of health care systems is made. It shows the possibilities which exist for improving the design and operations of hospitals and other health care systems through the use of operations research approaches. The different applications have been divided into groups, but it should be noted that there is a great deal of overlapping among them.
23 citations
TL;DR: The peak-detection algorithm reported in this paper presents a standardised approach which can be used between EEG clinics and permits the formulation of a variety of intra-band and inter-band EEG statistics which could be useful in on-line computer applications.
Abstract: A peak-detection method is described for computer analysis of the electroencephalogramme (EEG). The technique consists of measuring the amplitude and time interval between successive maxima (peaks) and minima (troughs) in the signal. A critical feature of the peak-detection algorithm is the inclusion of an amplitude threshold criterion which eliminates the registration of low-voltage activity riding on EEG waves. The peak-detection procedure permits the formulation of a variety of intra-band and inter-band EEG statistics which can be useful in on-line computer applications. The peak-detection algorithm has been successfully applied to a number of normal and clinical EEG recordings. Although no computer procedure for EEG analysis has yet been universally adopted, the peak-detection algorithm reported in this paper presents a standardised approach which can be used between EEG clinics.
20 citations
16 citations
TL;DR: A brief historical background and a comprehensive account of the theoretical aspects behind the principal lines of approach of different techniques of estimation of moment- and maximum likelihood estimation, estimation by minimum variance decomposition and graphical techniques are given.
Abstract: The problem of estimating the parameters of a finite mixture of normal distributions has been considered by several researchers in different fields of application. This paper consists of a brief historical background and a comprehensive account of the theoretical aspects behind the principal lines of approach of different techniques of estimation. These include moment-and maximum likelihood estimation, estimation by minimum variance decomposition and graphical techniques. Further, three different methods of estimation are compared on medical data.
16 citations
TL;DR: A computerised data entry and retrieval system was developed, the primary patient health record used by the oncologists was redesigned and the clerical procedures and work flow within the Cancer Center Statistics Office were reorganised.
Abstract: A multidisciplinary team was assembled to design a cancer data management system that would meet the storage, retrieval and analysis needs of Mayo's clinical trials of anti-tumour drugs. To fulfill these requirements, a computerised data entry and retrieval system was developed, the primary patient health record used by the oncologists was redesigned and the clerical procedures and work flow within the Cancer Center Statistics Office were reorganised. The end result of this project is a system that has: (1) enabled Mayo to meet its reporting requirements as a Comprehensive Cancer Center; (2) provided the statisticians and the physicians with the capacity to perform more detailed and accurate analyses of clinical trials; (3) reduced the clerical effort needed for preparing reports and analyses; (4) provided the potential for expansion to meet the growing requirements of the future and (5) attained that often elusive goal of computer systems—user satisfaction.
TL;DR: The design and use of an on-line PDP 11/40-based system for quantitative study of ocular kinetics are described, which can be used in neurophysiological or ophthalmological applications.
Abstract: The design and use of an on-line PDP 11/40-based system for quantitative study of ocular kinetics are described. The system can be used in neurophysiological or ophthalmological applications. Two different techniques are presented. In one, horizontal, vertical or oblique eye motion can be studied, in the other horizontal eye motion only. Several parameters of eye motion can be measured including saccadic velocity, eye movement latency and accuracy of refixation. For ophthalmological EOG applications the system allows measurement of the absolute voltage excursion corresponding to a horizontal eye movement of a specific amplitude. The system consists of five software programs and supporting signal processing equipment. The software package runs under the RSX11M executive.
TL;DR: This paper deals with the application of an AI language, based on mechanical theorem prover (PROLOG), to deduce drug interactions with a program system comprising about 52 drugs in practice and 32 independent possibilities of deduction.
Abstract: This paper deals with the application of an AI language, based on mechanical theorem prover (PROLOG), to deduce drug interactions. One hundred and thirty-one drug interactions were predicted by logical deduction with a program system comprising about 52 drugs in practice and 32 independent possibilities of deduction. The database of the system contains the chemical and pharmaceutical characteristics of the active components of the drug preparations, and the deductions are based on general pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or other biochemical relationships concerning interactions.
TL;DR: The use of sound modification in a neurophysiological study of the hearing system of birds is described and the implementation on a minicomputer PDP12 and some aspects of its application in bioacoustical experiments are described.
Abstract: The paper describes a method of sound analysis, ‘modulation analysis’, its implementation on a minicomputer PDP12 and some aspects of its application in bio-acoustical experiments. Modulation analysis reversibly resolves a given sound signal into time-courses of amplitude and carrier frequency. Since time is preserved as the independent variable the method provides a suitable basis for the computer modification of sounds. Problems of practical performance are discussed with regard to sounds of birds and insects. Further, the use of sound modification in a neurophysiological study of the hearing system of birds is described.
TL;DR: The use of chronic disease probabilistic models to calculate patient prognosis is presented and a clinician could obtain the prognostic information for a patient in less than one minute.
Abstract: The use of chronic disease probabilistic models to calculate patient prognosis is presented. The method relies on the calculation of transition probabilities between discrete disease states from a patient data bank. Maximum likelihood estimates are used for each age and unwanted fluctuations are removed by a moving average. An interactive computer program was written and the method applied to the calculation of the probability of stroke and myocardial infarction for male patients on antihypertensive therapy. A clinician could obtain the prognostic information for a patient in less than one minute. Applications in medical student education are also discussed.
TL;DR: Three different techniques for segmenting EEG's are presented and the Kalman filter approach, the power spectrum analysis and the texture matrix approach are explained and the results obtained are summarised.
Abstract: In this paper three different techniques for segmenting EEG's are presented. The principles of these techniques (the Kalman filter approach, the power spectrum analysis and the texture matrix approach) are explained and the results obtained summarised. The segmentation is used in an interactive EEG interpretation system.
TL;DR: Une etude des performances de the methode est proposee en fonction des parametres utilises dans l'adaptation d'aide d'une forme quadratique ce qui permet l'utilisation d'un methode numerique rapide: le gradient conjugue.
Abstract: Resume La methode d'analyse automatique de signal presentee se situe dans le cadre de l'aide au diagnostic medical et est appliquee a la detection de non stationnarites dans l'electroencephalogramme par un mini calculateur. Le signal est modelise a l'aide d'un filtre autoregressif dont les parametres sont adaptes a chaque iteration. L'identification donne le modele qui rend compte au mieux de la portion de signal etudiee par rapport a un critere representant la variance du bruit residuel estime. La fonction cout utilisee est exprimee a l'aide d'une forme quadratique ce qui permet l'utilisation d'une methode numerique rapide: le gradient conjugue. Un test statistique original est developpe pour permettre de detecter les non stationnarites survenant dans le signal. Une etude des performances de la methode est proposee en fonction des parametres utilises dans l'adaptation. Des detections realisees sur divers signaux reels sont presentees.
TL;DR: This paper presents a method of segmenting the EEG based on the well-known power spectrum analysis applied to the EEG recordings of two normal subjects in order to determine the temporal EEG variability.
Abstract: This paper presents a method of segmenting the EEG based on the well-known power spectrum analysis. This procedure is applied to the EEG recordings of two normal subjects in order to determine the temporal EEG variability. These results are compared with a more classical approach.
TL;DR: Basic equations of time-dependent flow are discussed in the case of rigid or elastic branches and according to the airway representation pattern, both continuous and discontinuous.
Abstract: Basic equations of time-dependent flow are discussed in the case of rigid or elastic branches and according to the airway representation pattern, both continuous and discontinuous. Two relevant fundamental continuous functions are defined: the 'order of generation' G(x) and the cumulative bronchial diameter D(x). A numerical solution is outlined in the former case, then in the latter case, and the system of equations which completely describes the flow is solved.
TL;DR: A system based on a minicomputer that enables one to automate the input of stimuli and to collect a certain number of parameters directly obtained from the analog signals representing the responses of the tested subject is described.
Abstract: This paper describes a system based on a minicomputer that enables one to automate the input of stimuli and to collect a certain number of parameters directly obtained from the analog signals representing the responses of the tested subject.
TL;DR: The properties of a basic building block, consisting of a group of interacting neural elements, are shown to provide a logical description of information processing which links high level events with underlying neural mechanisms.
Abstract: In order to describe the information processing mechanisms of a neural system a basic building block (sub-network), consisting of a group of interacting neural elements, is introduced. By interconnecting such units to give an integrated structure, a hierarchically-organised processing chain is formed. The properties of such a system are shown to provide a logical description of information processing which links high level events with underlying neural mechanisms.
TL;DR: A system of quadratic differential equations is proposed within the framework of 'non-linear mechanics', but also outside this framework in respect of certain features, and it is used with a view to formalising a feedback control system.
Abstract: A system of quadratic differential equations is proposed within the framework of ‘non-linear mechanics’, but also outside this framework in respect of certain features, and it is used with a view to formalising a feedback control system. The model helps to simulate states of balance or imbalance within an ago-antagonistic couple and to suggest methods for correcting the imbalances, which do not require modification of the parameter space. Its possibilities of synchronic or diachronic functioning are emphasised. The model may apparently be used for the construction of similar models which include several ago-antagonistic couples. Finally, the aims of such a model, which could be considered as an ‘action’ model, are defined, its place would be assigned midway between a black-box system and ‘knowledge’ models.
TL;DR: Recent studies on the amino acid nearest neighbours enable one to have an objective key for classifying organisms as well as their relationships.
Abstract: Although it is one of the oldest of modern disciplines, systematics has always been a science practised in a highly personalised and subjective way because of the need to rely on morphological characteristics of the living organisms, as well as the fossil remains, for their classification. Recent studies on the amino acid nearest neighbours, however, enable one to have an objective key for classifying organisms as well as their relationships.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the experimental results of many authors suggest that the output activity of the extrapyramidal motor control system depends on a balance between the levels present of the chemical transmitters dopamine and acetylcholine.
Abstract: The experimental results of many authors suggest that the output activity of the extrapyramidal motor control system depends on a balance between the levels present of the chemical transmitters dopamine and acetylcholine. In this paper it is proposed that these results are best explained by two feedback regulatory systems interconnected with positive interaction--in the sense of the relative gain array (Bristol, 1966). Using the computer-aided design procedure CAIAD, a simple two-input two-output model is simulated so as to give responses similar to those observed when dopaminergic or cholinergic drugs are applied. The effect of reducing the gain in one control loop corresponds to the effect of lesioning part of the extrapyramidal system in the brain. In addition, the effect of an anti-schizophrenic drug such as haloperidol is interpreted as a disturbance input on one of the interacting paths.
TL;DR: An epidemiological database system is presented that is designed to operate in many situations with a minimum of programming, and to be easily expanded to more complex situations by adding new program modules to those already existing and functioning.
Abstract: An epidemiological database system is presented. It is a system built around the concepts of record structure and location, and of the processing of the data item values so stored. It is designed to operate in many situations with a minimum of programming, and to be easily expanded to more complex situations by adding new program modules to those already existing and functioning.
TL;DR: A simple but flexible storage and retrieval system for medical data that for a wide range of clinical data processing the user only needs to apply three FORTRAN subroutines.
Abstract: A simple but flexible storage and retrieval system for medical data is described. It functions by providing the user with a proven set of FORTRAN IV subroutines. It has been found that for a wide range of clinical data processing the user only needs to apply three FORTRAN subroutines.
TL;DR: A complete study of apical and basal regions of the lung is made and it shows the influence of some factors (phase difference, amplitude, respiratory frequency) on the regional variations of alveolar pressure.
Abstract: Non-sequential asynchronous ventilation is interpreted by a variation of velocity of fluid at a given level of bronchial tree based on a physical model already published (Chauvet and Tuchais, 1976). The possible different causes of this variation of velocity are examined. A complete study of apical and basal regions of the lung is made and it shows the influence of some factors (phase difference, amplitude, respiratory frequency) on the regional variations of alveolar pressure.
TL;DR: A computer program has been developed for real time, on-line processing of uterine contractions with a small computer and the 'active area', which is the area above the resting tone, is calculated in addition to the 'total area'--that is, the areaabove 0 mmHg.
Abstract: Utilising simple mathematical techniques of differential calculus, a computer program has been developed for real time, on-line processing of uterine contractions with a small computer. The area under the intra-uterine pressure-time curve is calculated and two distinctive values of this area are printed on-line every 512 sec. The ‘active area', which is the area above the resting tone, is calculated in addition to the ‘total area'—that is, the area above 0 mmHg. This allows an objective and efficient assessment of uterine activity which may be used as a basis of comparison between individual patients and groups of patients.