Showing papers in "International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics in 2011"

Toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles on Germinating Rice Seed

Abstract: The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Three parameters are e ...

Elemental, Nano-Sized (100-500 nm) Selenium Production by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract: Selenium is well known as an essential trace element since the 20th century, but it can be overdosed easily because of its toxicity. According to the present regulations [1] only the potentially most harmful, inorganic selenium salts can be added to any comestibles. Elemental selenium is considered as the least toxical of all selenium forms and in the same time supplementation with its nano-size particles has the same or better bioavailability compared to its salts. In our experiments we managed to produce nano-size (100-500nm) elemental selenium by using probiotic yogurt bacteria in a fermentation procedure. We developed the laboratory technology of product purification and recovery from bacteria.

Marble and Granite Waste: Characterization and Utilization in Concrete Bricks

Abstract: M arble and granite industry has grown significantly in the last decades with the privatization trend in the early 1990s, and the flourishing construction industry in Egypt. Accordingly, the amount of mining and processing waste has increased. Stone waste is generally a highly polluting waste due to both its highly alkaline nature, and its manufacturing and processing techniques, which impose a health threat to the surroundings. Shaq Al-Thuban industrial cluster, the largest marble and granite industrial cluster in Egypt is imposing an alarming threat to the surrounding communities, Zahraa El-Maadi residential area, and the ecology of the neighboring Wadi Degla protectorate. The objective of this paper is to utilize marble and granite waste of different sizes in the manufacturing of concrete bricks, with full replacement of conventional coarse and fine aggregates with marble waste scrapes and slurry powder of content up to 40%. The produced bricks are tested for physical and mechanical properties according to the requirements of the American Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM) and the Egyptian Code. The test results revealed that the recycled products have physical and mechanical properties that qualify them for use in the building sector, where all cement brick samples tested in this study comply with the Egyptian code requirement for structural bricks, with granite slurry having a positive effect on cement brick samples that reach its optimum at 10% slurry incorporation.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in India

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae has been associated with different types of infections and one of the most important aspects of Klebsiella is the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains particularly those involved in nosocomial diseases. Fifty - nine clinical isolates were collected from different parts of India. Most of the samples were recovered from respiratory, urinary tract infection and pus cases which were followed by biochemical characterization. Twenty confirmed K. pneumoniae isolates were further tested for antimicrobial drug sensitivity and almost fifty percent of them were found to be multidrug resistant. As per our statistical data, all confirmed K.pneumoniae isolates were resistant to carbenicillin and one among them recovered from sputum sample of a pneumonic patient was resistant to all the antimicrobial agents tested except exhibiting a partial susceptibility to amikacin. In our studies we found that K.pneumoniae strains from clinical cases were highly susceptible to quinolones and the aminoglycoside, amykacin and gentamycin. At the same time over 60 % strains were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. We also found that 28 to 76 % of them were resistant to cephalosporins (ceftizoxime and cefotaxime). On the basis of statistical binomial test we conclude that piperacillin, carbenicillin, ofloxacine ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol were significantly resistant, whereas cefotaxime and tetracycline were found to be moderately resistant against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Bioremediation of Cyanide by Optimized Resting Cells of Rhodococcus Strains Isolated from Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract: Five strains of locally isolated Rhodococcus species from various sources in Peninsular Malaysia were evaluated for their cyanide bioremediation prospective. The partially characterized Rhodococcus UKMP-5M which was used as reference strain failed to propagate exclusively in potassium cyanide (KCN). Therefore, the potential use of resting cells grown in nutrient broth without cyanide was tested to detoxify KCN at various concentrations ranging from 3 mM to 15 mM. The physical characteristics for the cultivation of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M namely temperature, pH and percentage of inoculum were optimized in order to be used as source for cyanide treatment. It was found that the maximum biomass was generated amounting to 8.3222 g/L when the incubation temperature was set to 30 °C at pH 6.6 with an initial inoculum loading of 2 % (v/v). Whole cells with biomass amounting to 1 g/L of the strain were able to rapidly transform almost 50 % of 12 mM cyanide over a period of 10 hours. The biotransformation was carried out at 30 °C, pH 7 and with an agitation at 160 rpm in the absence of added organic and inorganic substances. In addition, by employing the identical amount of biomass and other experimental conditions, the different strains of locally isolated Rhodococcus species were compared for their ability to metabolize cyanide. It was revealed that Rhodococcus UKMP-5M had the highest percentage of cyanide removal efficiency followed by Rhodococcus zopfii, Rhodococcus sp1, Rhodococcus NAM81 and Rhodococcus sp2 which corresponded to 47.78 %, 29.17 %, 23.61 %, 18.33% and 11.67 % respectively.

Micronucleus Test in Exfoliated Buccal Cells from Chromium Exposed Tannery Workers

Abstract: Our aim wa s to investigate the adverse effects of occupational exposure to trivalent chromium in tannery workers and unexposed persons. Trivalent chromium used in tanning industry is an environmental contaminant that acts as a carcinogen towards humans and animals. The carcinogenic potential of metals is a major issue in defining human health risk from exposure. In the present investigation, 84 tannery workers and 52 control subjects with similar mean ages, smoking prevalences and alcohol consumption were enrolled for DNA damage analysis in buccal cells by Micronucleus assay (MN). Workers showed a significant increase in micronucleated cells when compared to controls with respect to their smoking habits, alcohol consumption, age and years of exposure. The current study suggests that chronic occupational exposure to Chromium during tanning could lead to increased levels of DNA damage. The res ults of the present investigation are in agreement with those obtained with the same Cr (III) compounds in mutagenicity assays in bacteria and carcinogenicity tests in rodents. A re-evaluation of the mechanisms of chromium carcinogenisis is proposed.

Human Identity Verification by Using Physiological and Behavioural Biometric Traits

Abstract: Biometric authentication of a person is highly challenging and complex problem. A significant research effort has gone into this area and a number of research works were published, but still there is an immense shortage of accurate and robust methods and techniques. In this paper we survey several important research works published in this area and we found our new technology to identify a person using multimodal physiological and behavioural biometrics. For our first stage of experimental evaluation, we used side face and gait for our experiments and we achieved around 100% recognition rate.

Potential Activity of the Achillea wilhelmsii Leaves on Bacteria

Abstract: Achillea wilhelmsii is belong to Asteraceae family. This plant is from medicinal plants in Iran customary medicine.The aim of this study was to appraise of effects of the leaves essential oil and methanol extract of the Achillea wilhelmsii on the growth of the bacteries. In this study after collecting and provision plant, leaves essential oil were obtained by hydrodistillation and leaves methanol extract were obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus. The effects of methanol extract antimicrobial were assessed using Agar Well Diffusion method and also using Dilution Test method. The effects of essential oil antimicrobial were determined by using Agar Dilution Assay. Dates were analyzed using Chi-square and AVONA test in the p <0/001.Leaves methanol extract had more effect against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus bacteries and showed weak effect against Escherchia coli and was not abserved any growth inhibition effect against Pseudomonas aeroginosa,also leaves essential oil had inhibition effect against Bacillus cereus, Staphilococcus aureus and Escherchia coli and did not have any inhibition effect against Pseudomonas aeroginosa.Leaves methanol extract and essential oil of Achillea wilhemsii have antibacterial effects,therefore we will be able perform researches with extraction of this plant effective compound for the treatment of infectious diseases. Keywords—Achillea wilhelmsii, antibacterial effect, essential oil, ,methanol extract.

Single Cell Protein Production from Aspergillus Terreus and Its Evaluation in Broiler Chick

Abstract: The objective of the study was to produce single cell protein usually termed as microbial biomass using rice as substrate through fermentation with Aspergillus terreus and its biological evaluation in broiler chicks to examine its potential as a suitable poultry feed. Chemical and biological potential of the biomass was evaluated through chemical analysis and chick assay, respectively. After optimizing various conditions such as, substrate: water ratio, nitrogen source, carbon: nitrogen ratio, pH and incubation period. After optimizing fermentation conditions, Aspergillus terreus was grown on broken rice for maximum microbial biomass protein production. Regarding growth kinetics, the specific growth rate (μ) of the A. terreus remained 0.451h-1. The Product coefficients (Yx/s) , (Yp/s) , (Yp/x) for the fermentative organism were found 0.553 g cell/g substrate utilized, 0.344 g protein / g substrate utilized and 0.622 g protein / g cell mass formation, respectively. Chemical evaluation of biomass indicated crude protein 43.7 %, true protein 26.60 %, crude fiber 11.35 % with calorific value as 2730 Kcal. Its ash content was 15.20 % with 1.01 % calcium, 3.05 % phosphorus, 0.64 % sodium and 0.98 % chloride. For biological evaluation, biomass was replaced with soybean meal as 30 ad 60% on the basis of protein supply and the birds response in terms of weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization was taken into account. Outcome of the study revealed that microbial biomass produced by A. terreus can be replaced upto 30% of the protein supply by soybean meal without any deleterious effects on growing broiler chicks.

Quercetin Delivery into Cancer Cells with Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract: Carbon nanotube s are made up of carbon atoms arranged in a series of condensed benzene rings and wrapped into a tubular form. They represent a new allotrope of carbon invented from fullerene family, which can be described as rolled up graphite sheets held together by van der Waals bonds. These materials due to some qualities such as high specific surface area, unique electrical and electronical properties are used in many applications as catalyst base, polymers mechanical strengthening, composites, electronical devices production and drug delivery. Especially, they are able to cross through cell wall and inter to cell nucleus. This work speculates on methods of design, synthesis, and quercetin delivery as an antioxidant agent that its anticancer function has been reported, by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into cancer cells and their detection method. In fact, we introduce the concept of "functionalization partitioning" of SWCNTs, i.e., imparting various chemical species, such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), quercetin with different functionalities into the surface of the SWCNTs. And we will discuss how binding of molecules to SWCNTs and their release can be controlled by varying the pH.

Growth Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteriaby Extract of Quercus Infectoria Galls

Abstract: Extract of Quercus infectoria galls was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria such as Escheria coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococus aurus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The antimicrobial activities of Q. infectoria extracts prepared from different solvents of varying polarity were examined and their efficacies were then compared by the disc diffusion method. Crude extracts of the solvents exhibited the anitmicrobial effect to a different extent as seen in the varying diameters of the zones of inhibition. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract was found to be superior to all other extracts. Ethanol and aqueous extracts showed a strong though lower antimicrobial effect against all the tested organisms while chloroform and hexane extracts of Q. infactoria were found to be least active. Compared to the commercial antibiotics, all the extracts exhibited a good antimicrobial activity. All the gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria tested were susceptible to all aqueous and solvent extracts of Q. infectoria galls. The methanol extracts at different concentrations were then incubated with the three bacteria strains, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of each bacterial strain were determined. The MIC values of methanol extracts for E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633 are 2.500, 1.25 and 0.625 mg ml – 1 respectively. Microscopic observation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a sharp decline in bacterial population density for all three bacterial strains. The bacterial morphology of all the strains became more irregular in shape differing from their respective originally homogeneous forms.

Ultrasound Speed of Polymer Gel Mimicked Human Soft Tissue within Three Weeks

Abstract: A Polymer gel mimicked human soft tissue was being fabricated using a monomer named 2-Hydroxyl-Ethyl-Acrylate (HEA) with the present of gelatin. The readymade gel which is the concentration for HEA fixed at 5% was then undergoes an ultrasonic evaluation to test for the propagation of sound speed through it. Sonic Waves Analyzer is absolutely the most accurate technique to determine the aims (changes of speed as function of polymer structure /stiffness over time). The fixed frequency of transducers involved is at 500 kHz by using the seismic reflection concept. In the observation of relationship between the ultrasound propagation speeds as the day increased, the propagation speed still varies between 1390 to 1500 m/s which is still in the range of speed of sound for human tissue.

Protection of marine biodiversity from pollution: Legal strategies in Malaysia.

Abstract: This paper discusses sources of marine pollution in Malaysia and examines existing provisions under the law relevant to the control of such pollution. Being a maritime nation as well as one of the top biodiversity-rich countries in the world, it is important for Malaysia to give its full commitment in conserving her mega-diverse ecosystems, including that of the richly endowed seas. At present, the well being of Malaysia’s marine biodiversity is facing increasing threat from various sources, notably that of land-based and vessel-based pollution. Malaysia takes pollution issue seriously, and joins other key maritime nations in enhancing her legal regime in dealing with marine pollution. This paper seeks to highlight Malaysia’s continuous effort towards marine pollution control through the application of both domestic and international law. Significantly, such effort can be used as a reference by other maritime nations for the purpose of collective marine environmental protection and biodiversity conservation.

High Incidence of Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Abstract: Plasmodium knowlesi had been recognized as the fifth human malaria parasite due to its wide distribution of naturally acquired infection among the human populations in many parts of Southeast Asia. The aim of this molecular epidemiological study was to determine the incidence of human malaria parasites with special attention to P.knowlesi in four districts in the interior division of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Nested-PCR assays were used to identify the presence of Plasmodium species in the DNA extracted from 243 dried blood spots collected for six months in year 2010 from patients suspected to have malaria. A total of 107 (44%) of the samples were positive for Plasmodium sp. based on genus-specific nested-PCR detection. Among these Plasmodium positive samples, there were 63 (58.9%) single P.knowlesi infection and two cases of mixed-species infection with P.knowlesi (1 P.knowlesi/P.falciparum and 1 P.knowlesi/P.vivax). DNA sequencing of 20 randomly selected P.knowlesi isolates from this study showed that these isolates were similar with the sexual type of naturally acquired P.knowlesi in human. P.knowlesi was the most prevalent Plasmodium sp. in this region and it had been consistently found in all the four study sites with the highest incidence in the Tenom district which accounted for 53.8% (35 cases) of all P.knowlesi cases reported in this region. This preliminary study provides a clearer picture on the actual transmission of the fifth human malaria parasites in the interior division of Sabah. The high incidence and widespread of potentially fatal P.knowlesi infection in this region should pose an important concern where proper treatment and management is needed timely.

The Cell Death in CMS Plants

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated PCD was found to occur in CMS lines of many species. The excess production of ROS is probably caused by the decrease of the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes in CMS plants at the abortion peak. Why antioxidant enzyme activities decline? Mostly, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle of mitochondria is blocked by the depletion of ATP and NADH which would result from mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the expression of mitochondrial chimeric open-reading frames (ORFs). Moreover, the interaction between ROS and some signaling molecules, such as ethylene, attenuated the induction of the cyanide-resistant respiration, which exacerbates the accumulation of the ROS. Under oxidative stress, cellular protein especially membrane protein and DNA damage occur, and thus lead to the cell death. The characteristic feature of the programmed cell death (PCD) in CMS plants may be that it can be blocked by a matching nuclear pathway that restores normal regulation. We will discuss the central role of the mitochondrion in the whole pathways of the cell death in CMS

Study of Antioxidant Potential of Tropical Fruit

Abstract: This re search work was carried out to quantify the total phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoides, vitamin C contents, reported as antioxidants, in the extracts of four locally available varieties of durian. Fruit was extracted using dichloromethane: pentane (1:1 v/v) and subjected to study the various quality parameters. The total phenolic contents from durian fruit extract, determined following the Folin-ciocalteu assay were found in the range of 690.62-998.29 mg/L, showing the significant inter-varietals variations. The total flavonoids and vitamin C contents from fruit extract were found in the range of 211.36-220.34 and 18.87-25.1 mg/L, respectively. Whereas, the total carotenoides contents of fruit extract were found in a low concentrations i.e. 0.05-0.08 mg/L. The statistical analysis showed significant (p 0.05) variation in total flavonoids contents among different varieties of durian. Caffeic acid and quercetin were the dominant antioxidant substances found in durian. In conclusion, the bioactivity of ripe durian was high and the total polyphenols were the main contributors to the overall antioxidant capacity.

A Modified Fastmap K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Large Scale Gene Expression Datasets

Abstract: Clustering is an important tool of data mining to extract the context or meaningful patterns from the datasets. To extract the patterns from gene expression datasets, cluster analysis is used. From last two to three years, there are noticeably increase in public datasets, like geo, arrayexpress, genebank, are noted. All these increase in public datasets are not only in numbers but also in dimensions. To analyze single experiment, 1000's of genes and 100's of samples are available. To handle these large dimensions, we have to moderate or modify the traditional clustering algorithms. K-means clustering algorithm is one of the most used and tested clustering algorithm not only for gene expression datasets but also for various different datasets. But, as the dimension goes on increasing, CPU time requirement and memory requirement also increasing. Here, we try to increase the speed of K-means algorithm by adding additional phase (by using moderate FastMap) before implementation of k-means algorithm on the datasets. So, Modified FastMap K-means Clustering Algorithm, is a two phase algorithm, which try to reduced CPU time and memory requirements as compared to tradition K-means requirements. We have shown tabular results for three datasets, which are downloaded from public repository, NCBI, geo. The algorithm can successfully generate good results for large as well as small datasets.

The Function of Receptor Protein Humpback Grouper Cromileptes Altivelis in Expression and Proliferation of CD4 and CD8 cells in Defence Immunity of Viral Nervous Necrotic Infection

Abstract: Mechanism of viral infection is not apart from role and function of grouper receptor, especially brain defence which mediated by nervous cells, heart and kydney. This research is to identify how a role and expression of CD4 and CD8 cells to defence of VNN infection in C. altivelis. Receptor protein in brain, heart and kidney organ from C.altivelis infected by VNN were isolate, identify and charaterize using SDS-Page. The expression of CD4 and CD8 cells on receptor protein grouper observed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and the response and specifity of receptor protein shown by dot blotting and western blotting respectively. Cross reactivity of specifity of organ showed by imunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods. The result indicate that receptor protein which is in nervous cells on brain organ, heart and kidney organ by molecule weight 32.5 kDa is receptor protein expressed on nervous cells on brain organ, heart and kidney of C. altivelis. It give a response to recognize VNN infection evidenced by antibody yield which have cross reaction through dot blotting, western blotting inspection and expression of receptor showed by fluorescence color in CLSM inspection and immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Protein of nervous cells on organ of brain, heart and kidney of C. altivelis by 32.5 kDa is a receptor protein which have function to recognize antigen VNN and the roles for expression of CD4 and CD8 cells.

Physiological and Biochemical Analysis of the Selected Halophytes of District Mardan, Pakistan

Abstract: During the present study four halophytes: Suaeda fruticosa Forsk, Atriplex leucoclada Boiss, Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.), Salicornica verginica. L along with their rhizospheric soil were collected from different locations of District Mardan. Electrical conductivity of rhizospheric soil was 4.2dS/m and pH: 8.3-9.3. Haloxylon salicornicum had highest concentration of K, Ca and Mg ions in its leaves as compared to other 3 selected halophytes, whereas Fe, Cu, Zn and heavy metals like Co and Ni were higher in Atriplex leucoclada. Significantly lower production of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were observed in plants collected from saline areas of District Mardan. Atriplex leucoclada possessed higher chlorophyll a/b ratio and protein content. The Salicornica verginica and Haloxylon salicornicum appear to use sugar as osmolyte while proline was found significantly higher in Suaeda fruticosa and Atriplex leucoclada. The production of abscisic acid (ABA) was significantly higher as compared to indole acetic acid (IAA) in all the selected plants. Atriplex leucoclada Suaeda fruticosa and Salicornica verginica possessed higher concentration of ABA. It is inferred that halophytes differ in their adaptability and use different compound as osmoprotectant. Na/K ratio considered an index of salt tolerance and correlation present between Na/K, ABA/IAA ratio and proline content. Among the selected halophytes Atriplex leucoclada have maximum ABA/IAA ratio as well as higher Na/K ratio and higher proline and protein contents.

pH Stability of Ultrasonic Thai Isolated Monascus Purpureus Pigments

Abstract: mutation s were carried out for 4 generations in order to develop efficient food colorants and to study the enhancement of secondary metabolites. The results showed that monacolin K could not be detected in fermented broths from any of the 4 generations. Mutant generations from TISTR3002, contained citrinin at concentrations in G0 (wild type), G1, G2, G3 and G4 of 18.48, 0.01, 64.98, 2.34 and 110.96 µg/ml, respectively. A quantitative analy sis of pigments was performed on all generations and results indicated that the stability of derivatives of yellow, orange and red pigments was greatest at pH 8. A significant increase in pigment stability was gained when TISTR 3002 was ultrasonically induced up to G4. Pigment derivatives of all generations of TISTR 3002 exhibited a greater stability in the basic pH range when compared with an acidic pH range.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus hexagonatus Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences using Bioinformatic Tools.

Abstract: M olecular markers can be identified via a DNA test regardless of the developmental stage, age, or environmental challenges experienced by the organism. The degree of conservation of sequence using the cytochrome b gene from mitochondrial DNA is sufficient to discriminate between closely related species. A partial DNA sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to investigate the molecular relationship between Epinephelus hexagonatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis were used to determine the genetic variation in approximately 450-nucleotides region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in 160 fresh tissue samples. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using bioinformatic tools with ME method, NJ method and MP method with bootstrapping using arithmetic average method. There are no differences or only small differences were detected between these two taxa. The results showed that Epinephelus fuscoguttatus clustered with Epinephelus hexagonatus, based on the phylogenetic trees Epinephelus hexagonatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus consistently clustered together with following the suggestion referring on their morphological data, that they may be closely related, or possibly placed within the same species.

Chitosanase Linked PAN Nanofibres for Enzymatic Production of Glucosamine

Abstract: Electrospun PAN nanofibres (7.5 wt %) was used for immobilization of chitosan degrading enzyme from Aspergillus sp. Glutaraldehyde (10%) was used as cross linking agent for enzyme immobilization. Protein loading was quantitative after treatment (30 minutes) with glutaraldehyde and activity retention of the immobilized enzyme was 70%. Immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzymes were carried out. Glucosamine from different chitosan substrates using immobilized enzyme was produced. Yield of glucosamine from crab shell and shrimp shell chitosan was as high as 70% and 40% respectively by immobilized enzyme as compared to free enzyme. Immobilization of chitosanase improved its thermal stability, storage stability and could be used multiple times with minor loss in activity.

Ayur-Informatics: Establishing an Ayurvedic Remedy for Bronchial Carcinoma

Abstract: Bronchial carcinoma is the world’s most common type of cancer associated with the mutations of ras, src, and myc genes and tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA1 along with the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). 3D structures of these proteins were generated using homology modeling. Active compounds of the medicinal herbs and plants were selected on the basis of their properties. Chemical structures of the active components of these herbs were drawn using chemsketch, combined and converted to*.pdb. The four proteins were successfully docked with the combination of active components.

A New Gene Selection Technique Based on Hybrid Methods for Cancer Classification Using Microarrays

Abstract: Classificat ion is one of the most important data mining techniques especially in the area of bioinformatics. This can be clearly seen in cancer classification which is recently addressed by many researchers specially after emerging of microarrays. This technology opens the area for computer researchers to classify cancer samples without any previous biological knowledge. Microarrays high dimensionality problem forces scientists to design gene selection techniques as a preceding step to the implemented classifier. Gene selection techniques behavior varies according to the combined classifier. In this paper we are proposing a new gene selection technique which combines F-score and entropy-based methods. The output of the combined gene selection technique is fed into two different classifiers resulting in two hybrid cancer classification systems. The proposed systems achieved reliable classification accuracies when tested on two different microarray datasets. This validates the success of the proposed gene selection technique as it efficiently reduced the original number of genes by 71.29%. Index Terms—Bioinformatics, Classification, Data mining, Gene selection, Microarrays.