•Journal•ISSN: 1916-9698
International Journal of Chemistry
Canadian Center of Science and Education
About: International Journal of Chemistry is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Adsorption & Catalysis. It has an ISSN identifier of 1916-9698. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 643 publications have been published receiving 3272 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review describes several remediation techniques which are efficient and cost effective in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the environment including soil, water and air.
Abstract: The demand for processed petroleum products and agricultural produce has exposed our environment to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. PAHs stick to solid sediments and are ubiquitous including soil, water and air. Their presence in these media creates problems because consuming products obtained from these sources could be deleterious to human health since several of these compounds (benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene etc) have been implicated in causing tumors in animals and cancer in humans. The present review describes several remediation techniques which are efficient and cost effective in removing PAHs from the environment. Some of these conventional clean-up methods are not only environmental friendly; they also present a novel approach in reducing the ability of PAHs to cause prospective risk to humans and the ecosystem.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, five low-cost natural adsorbents, chalf, rice husk, sesame, sun flower and tea waste, were used to remove poisonous Pb (II) from artificially contaminated water.
Abstract: In this study, removal of poisonous Pb (II) from artificially contaminated water has been investigated with the aim of detoxifying industrial effluents before their safe disposal onto land or into river waters. Five low-cost natural adsorbents, chalf, rice husk, sesame, sun flower and tea waste, were used to remove Pb from synthesized waste water. Kinetic study revealed that pseudo-first order model is suitable to explain our experimental data and intraparticle transport is not the only rate-limiting step. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate well with Freundlich model with regression, R2, range from 0.947-0.993. The results showed that efficiencies of chalf, rice husk, sesame husk, sun flower husk and tea waste for Pb ion removal were 85%, 90%, 100%, 86%, 98% repectively. High adsorption capacity of the tested adsorbents makes it preferable and very attractive alternative adsorption material. This field may therefore be utilized by developing countries to alleviate or at least, reduce the impacts of industrial water pollution on the aquatic environment.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of parameters such as different parts of the plant (leaves, roots and stems), extraction time and types of solvent (n-hexane and methanol) on the extracted yield and the percentage of extraction were investigated.
Abstract: Soxhlet extraction technique is employed for the extraction and separation of chemical constituents in the medicinalplant, Elephantopus scaber L. The effect of parameters, such as different parts of the plant (leaves, roots and stems),extraction time and types of solvent (n-hexane and methanol) on the extracted yield and the percentage of extractionwere investigated. The design of experiment was done using factorial design. The data were analyzed using ANOVA aswell as factorial design. The experimental results show that the methanol is better than n-hexane but an extraction timeof 9 hours was required for stems and roots while 12 hours for leaves. Essential crude of Elephantopus scaber L.obtained by Soxhlet extraction was further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection to identify thechemical ingredients of the plant and used as a standard in the qualitative analysis for certain chemical compoundsbased on the retention time on the chromatogram. Six compounds such as stigmasterol, lupeol, stearic acid,deoxyelephantopin isomers, analogue 1 and analogue 2 of deoxyelephantopin have been identified. Oven temperatureprogram of gas chromatography has been developed in this research. The results obtained, enable one to makequalitative and quantitative analysis for the essential oil which was extracted from the herbal plant. Maximumextraction conditions of the stigmasterol and lupeol were determined by comparing the area percentage below the peakin chromatogram with the GCMS standard. Stigmasterol: 6 hours extraction time using n-hexane and stems show thehighest area percentage (8.145%). Lupeol: 9 hours extraction time using n-hexane and stems show the highest areapercentage (68.580%).
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants are evaluated.
Abstract: Biosorption of Acid Green (AG 25) was investigated using Spent Brewery Grains (SBG) a brewing industry waste in a batch system with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage, and contact time. The biomass exhibited the highest dye uptake capacity at 303 K, initial pH value of 3, the initial dye concentration of 90mg/L, biosorbent dosage of 0.2 g and contact time of 75 min. The extent of dye removal increased with increase in time, biosorbent dosage and decreased with increase in temperature. The equilibrium sorption capacity of the biomass increased on increasing the initial dye concentration up to 90 mg/L and then started decreasing in the studied concentration up to 300 mg/L. The experimental result has shown that the acidic pH favours the biosorption. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model is used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants are evaluated. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. The pseudo first- and second-order kinetic models were also applied to the experimental data. The results indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo second-order rate expression and biosorption rate constants increased with increasing concentration.
47 citations
TL;DR: It has now been established that piperine and its analogues are potential pesticides and possess a number of medicinal properties, and are regarded as universal enhancers in pesticide and drug formulations.
Abstract: A new group of alkaloids emerged in 1819 following the isolation of piperine from the fruits of Piper nigrum Since then, a large number of these compounds now referred to as piperine-type alkaloids or alkamides or piperamides have been isolated commonly from species belonging to the genus piper (piperaceae) which have worldwide geographical distribution As a result of the traditional uses of piper species as spices in foods and in phytomedicines globally a number of their extractives and indeed the constituent amides have been screened for pharmacological properties The biogenesis of the amides has been investigated and a number of synthetic pathways have been developed to make them readily available for biological studies It has now been established that piperine and its analogues are potential pesticides and possess a number of medicinal properties They are regarded as universal enhancers in pesticide and drug formulations This review enhances our knowledge of these amides and paves way for further work
45 citations