Showing papers in "International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology in 1984"
TL;DR: A study comparing male juvenile sex offenders and other delinquents matched for age and social class showed few differences, which indicate a higher prevalence of middle class boys, lower intellectual functioning and less incidence of truancy, alcohol abuse and temper tantrums among the sex offenders.
Abstract: A study comparing twenty-four male juvenile sex offenders and twenty-four other delinquents matched for age and social class showed few differences between the two groups. The differences indicate a higher prevalence of middle class boys, lower intellectual functioning and less incidence of truancy, alcohol abuse and temper tantrums among the sex offenders. The possible explanations of such findings are discussed.
124 citations
TL;DR: Five patterns of shoplifting were identified in a clinical study of 300 shoplifters conducted in a court setting, finding that character defects, not mental illnesses, were the pre dominant form of pathology according to guidelines in DSM-III.
Abstract: Five patterns of shoplifting were identified in a clinical study of 300 shoplifters conducted in a court setting. 67.6 per cent reported weekly shoplifting. Overall, 56 per cent were males. Among adults, 56.5 per cent were women. Character defects (personality disorders), not mental illnesses, were the pre dominant form of pathology according to guidelines in DSM-III. Financial benefit was the primary motivation in 67.7 per cent of the cases. Economic disadvantage appeared to be a contri buting factor in 72 per cent of the adult chronic shoplifters. Mental illnesses were distributed about equally between genders. However, nearly twice as many women were experiencing psycho social stressors. The recommended treatment intervention is short-term crisis counseling followed by education which encour ages the offender to admit that shoplifting is a crime and to consider the realistic consequences of additional shoplifting.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of juveniles who have murdered a family member is presented, and the authors suggest that the dynamics of such a crime can be classified into two categories: intentional and accidental.
Abstract: A study of juveniles who have murdered a family member is presented. Tentative dynamics are suggested.
36 citations
TL;DR: Prior history of schizophrenia, previous treat ment with psychoactive medication, absence of alcoholism, and completion of high school were all associated with individuals being clinically evaluated and legally adjudged insane.
Abstract: Social and demographic characteristics were com pared for 115 clinically evaluated and legally adjudicated on the issue of sanity. Prior history of schizophrenia, previous treat ment with psychoactive medication, absence of alcoholism, and completion of high school were all associated with individuals being clinically evaluated and legally adjudged insane. These and other findings were discussed with respect to the current research on insanity determinations.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to learning about an adolescent sex offender is described which relies on self-disclosure in a group therapy context, and case illustrations are provided which suggest that group therapy generates information which is dramatically different from what is usually obtained by means of the individual interview, police report or victim survey.
Abstract: This paper attempts to show that traditional methods of gathering information are inadequate with regard to the adolescent sex offender. A new approach to learning about this type of individual is described which relies on self-disclosure in a group therapy context. Case illustrations are provided which suggest that group therapy generates information which is dramatically different from what is usually obtained by means of the individual interview, police report, or victim survey.
17 citations
TL;DR: The concept of a guard subculture is not consistent with existing research on correc tional officers as discussed by the authors, and viewing officer support for procustodial norms as a shared misconception can provide direction for correctional leadership.
Abstract: Those interested in the process of change in corrections need concepts which are helpful in understanding prison staff. The concept of a guard subculture is not consistent with existing research on correc tional officers. Instead, viewing officer support for procustodial norms as a shared misconception can provide direction for correctional leadership.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the fact that a player has hit many golf balls, under such circumstances, will not result in improving his game, and when a psychiatrist makes many diagnostic evaluations but lacks the opportu fity or fails to follow up his diagnostic conclusions to determine whether or not they were, in fact, and by objective indices, correct, his diagnostic accuracy is not likely to improve.
Abstract: If the golfer hits many golf balls but always in a dense fog so that he does not know how the shots really turn out, and therefore, he has no opportunity for making such corrections as might be necessary, it is unlikely that the fact that he has hit several golf balls, under such circumstances, will result in improving his game. Similarly, when a psychiatrist makes many diagnostic evaluations but lacks the opportu nity or fails to follow up his diagnostic conclusions to determine whether or not they were, in fact, and by objective indices, correct, his diagnostic accuracy is not likely to improve (Ziskin, 1975, p. 216).
9 citations
TL;DR: The Domestic Abuse Project (DAP) as mentioned in this paper is a two-phase treatment program for violent men and their families that focuses on stopping domestic violence through learning new alternatives to aggressive behavior.
Abstract: The Domestic Abuse Project is a long-term, two phase treat ment program for violent men and their families. Although much atten tion has been given to the victims of domestic violence, only recently has the focus shifted to the perpetrators. Group intervention is the preferred modality when confronting the perpetrators' intense denial and minimi zation and discussion of their shame. This article addresses the implementa tion of Phase One, a structured didactic eight-week men's group that focuses on stopping domestic violence through learning new alternatives to aggressive behavior.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported findings on crime and criminal activity in Nigeria and gave some insights regarding these problems in Nigeria, where crime and crime in Nigeria are discussed. But they did not give any solution to them.
Abstract: Findings on crime and criminal activity are reported. Sugges tions are given regarding these problems in Nigeria.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that such offenders are often treated in an assembly line manner with little regard for their rights or well-being, which is illustrated in cases where A.A. is prescribed without the offender's biological, psychological, and sociologi cal profile being taken into consideration.
Abstract: Alcohol abuse is tied to a variety of social problems, espe cially crime. In fact, alcohol related arrests outnumber arrests for any other type of crime, including property offenses. Unfortunately, such offenders are often treated in an assembly line manner with little regard for their rights or well-being. This is illustrated in cases where A.A. is prescribed without the offender's biological, psychological, and sociologi cal profile being taken into consideration.
5 citations
TL;DR: The central thesis of as discussed by the authors is that Nigerian correctional thinking is dominated by an ideology of incarcera tion and that in concept and practice the institutionalization of offenders in the country has failed and become counter-produc tive.
Abstract: The central thesis of this paper is that Nigerian correctional thinking is dominated by an ideology of incarcera tion ; that in concept and practice the institutionalization of offenders in the country has failed and become counter-produc tive. Institutionalization in Nigeria has not reduced the number of people brought into the formal system of social control but rather has produced a "widening of the net". Community-based corrections, pretrial diversion, increased use of open prisons, therapy, bail, probation, parole, compensation, discharge, binding over, suspended sentencing. furloughs, ombudsmen and personal recognizance, plus various forms of work and study release programs are advocated as alternatives or solutions to many of the problems of contemporary Nigerian corrections. Their small-scale, treatment-oriented approach, emphasis on employment and adjustment programs, and stress on greater accessibility are cited increasingly as reforms needed by a system now dominated by overcrowded, dehumanizin...
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative approach to jail reform is presented, which employs participatory methods in which front line staff plan the operation of new detention facilities, and appears to be valuable for local jails through its development of staff members, organizational development and community involvement.
Abstract: The problem of contemporary jails appear to be particularly resistent to change efforts. Many reformers have attributed this to local control of jails and have proposed greater state and national influence in local corrections. This paper outlines an alternative approach to jail reform. The project which is discussed employed participatory methods in which front line staff plan the operation of new detention facilities. The model appears to be valuable for local jails through its development of staff members, organizational development and community involvement.
TL;DR: A treatment philosophy is provided with an hypothetical orientation as well as clinical tactics and procedures for selected Drug- Abuse-Offender Patients.
Abstract: A treatment philosophy is provided with an hypothetical orientation as well as clinical tactics and procedures for selected Drug- Abuse-Offender Patients.
TL;DR: In spite of considerable research in the area of adolescent delinquency, there continue to be few viable delinquency prevention programs operating within the criminal justice system which draw upon substantive social scientific theory as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In spite of considerable research in the area of adolescent delinquency, there continue to be few viable delinquency prevention programs operating within the criminal justice system which draw upon substantive social scientific theory. This article reports on a dynamic inmate run delinquency preventative program currently in operation at Auburn Correctional Facility. In addition to briefly describing several of the innovative clinical sociological techniques which have emerged in this program, this article suggests some of the weaknesses which this, and similarly geared delinquency preventative programs face.
TL;DR: Wolfgang et al. as discussed by the authors found that about one boy in four had at least one official recorded police contact during high school, and the problem associated with cohort research based on official records and comparisons between cohorts are addressed.
Abstract: Police contact with two small, male high school cohorts from a rural county is described and cautiously com pared with police contacts in the larger, urban male cohort study by Wolfgang, Figlio and Sellin. High school-aged males in both studies seem to have similar characteristics, particularly in regard to the amount of "harm" inflicted by officially recorded acts. In the present study, about one boy in four has at least one officially recorded police contact during high school. Some juvenile justice policy implications (involving desistance rates) are discussed. The problems associated with cohort research based on official records and comparisons between cohorts are addressed.
TL;DR: A survey of male applicants to the authors' outpatient clinic, revealed that some gave a history of childhood transitional objects (T.O.'s) and a theoretical discussion regarding the absence or presence of T.O. 's among alcoholics is given.
Abstract: A survey of male applicants to our outpatient clinic, revealed that some gave a history of childhood transitional objects (T.O.'s). A theoretical discussion regarding the absence or presence of T.O. 's among alcoholics is given.
TL;DR: The authors presented data and analysis concerning the effect of change in criminal sanctioning authority in the State of Alabama and found that judges impose longer sentences than juries, but they are less influenced by the race of the defendent.
Abstract: This paper presents data and analysis concerning the effect of change in criminal sanctioning authority in the State of Alabama The data indicate that judges impose longer sentences than juries, but they are less influenced by the race of the defendent While the recent policy change has brought positive results, unanticipated consequences also occurred It is suggested that further reform in Alabama sentencing procedure is required
TL;DR: It is concluded that for selected alcoholic patients, judicious use of the couch fosters significant treatment results and additional attention will be given to the type of personality of the patient.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to report on the use of the couch with certain alcoholic patients. The report is based on the findings with ten such patients — four of whom were failures (left treatment) and six of whom were "successes", namely, benefitted from this added treatment modality. In addi tion to the diagnosis of alcoholism, additional attention will be given to the type of personality of the patient (dysthemic, avoidant, etc.). It is concluded that for selected alcoholic patients, judicious use of the couch fosters significant treatment results.
TL;DR: The theoretical discussion is buttressed by clinical examples in an effort to clarify the present hypothesis and establish a unified biomedical foundation for alcoholism.
Abstract: Alcoholism, although lacking a unified biomedical foundation, can be understood in metaphor; an alcoholic is an individual seeking an altered state of consciousness (A.S.C.). The theoretical discussion is buttressed by clinical examples in an effort to clarify the present hypothesis.
TL;DR: The author discusses an example of 'Capgras Syndrome', the delusion of doubles, as it relates to aggressive behavior, in the context of an organic brain syndrome.
Abstract: The author discusses an example of 'Capgras Syndrome', the delusion of doubles, as it relates to aggressive behavior. The occurrence of this phenomenon is noted in the context of an organic brain syndrome.