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Showing papers in "International journal on innovative research in electrical, electronics, instrumentation and control engineering in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey on parameter extraction of solar cell model and its recent advances is presented.
Abstract: Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is abundantly available everywhere and sustainable source. Advance of Photovoltaic (PV) technology in recent years has made solar energy one of the practical alternative energy sources available in the energy market. In order to make the PV energy more affordable and cost effective, major focus of the research community and industry is improvement on power efficiency of PV systems. Parameter extraction of solar cell plays a crucial role in the simulation and design calculation of PV system. The circuit model of a solar cell is non-linear and transcendental. Different methods under the categories of analytic, iterative, and evolutionary computational have been proposed to extract the parameters of solar cell in recent years. This paper presents a survey on parameter extraction of solar cell model and its recent advances.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This project detects the brain tumor & classify the stages of the tumor by using testing & training the database, and explores the methods useful for better segmentation in biomedical image processing.
Abstract: Most cells in the body grow and then divide in an orderly way to form new cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy and working properly. When cells lose the ability to control their growth, they divide too often and without any order. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a tumor. Brain tumors are abnormal and uncontrolled proliferations of cells. Segmentation methods used in biomedical image processing and explores the methods useful for better segmentation. A critical appraisal of the current status of semi automated and automated methods are made for the segmentation of anatomical medical images emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages. In this project we detect the brain tumor & classify the stages of the tumor by using testing & training the database. Segmentation for testing purpose is done by spatial FCM used.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A smart way for shopping in malls with RFID tag instead of barcode, the smart trolley will have RFID reader, LCD display and cost, name and expire date of the product will display.
Abstract: There is huge change in technology, so the rate of people of all ages attracted towards electronic gadgets is increasing. In different type of industries the electronic devices like smart card reader, barcode and RFID scanner having more usage. This type of gadgets also required in supermarkets. In the existing, in the mall every person takes product put into trolley. After the shopping is done that person have to stand in the queue for billing. In the billing process a sell person scan barcode of each and every product and gives final bill. This process is very time consuming and it becomes worst on holidays, special offers or weekends. To overcome that we have been developed a smart way for shopping in malls. Each and every product has RFID tag instead of barcode. The smart trolley will have RFID reader, LCD display. When a person put any product in the trolley it will scan and the cost, name and expire date of the product will display. Cost will add into final bill. Bill will be stored in microcontroller memory. It will transfer from RF transmitter to RF receiver. Receiver will transfer this information to the PC through serial communication. For this project we used Embedded C and VB6.0 software

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple, cheap, friendly user, virtual eye will be designed and implemented to improve the mobility of both blind and visually impaired people in a specific area to help them to navigate alone safely and to avoid any obstacles that may be encountered.
Abstract: Blindness is a state of lacking the visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors. The partial blindness represents the lack of integration in the growth of the optic nerve or visual centre of the eye, and total blindness is the full absence of the visual light perception. In this proposed work, a simple, cheap, friendly user, virtual eye will be designed and implemented to improve the mobility of both blind and visually impaired people in a specific area. The proposed work includes a wearable equipment consists of head hat, mini hand stick and foot shoes to help the blind person to navigate alone safely and to avoid any obstacles that may be encountered, whether fixed or mobile, to prevent any possible accident. The main component of this system is the ultrasonic sensor which is used to scan a predetermined area around blind by emitting-reflecting waves. The reflected signals received from the barrier objects are used as inputs to Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller carry out the issued commands and then communicate the status of a given appliance or device back to the earphones using Raspberry pi speech synthesizer. The proposed system is cheap, fast, and easy to use and an innovative affordable solution to blind and visually impaired people in third world countries.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based technique for the optimal allocation of Distributed Generation units in the power systems for voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction in distribution network is proposed.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based technique for the optimal allocation of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the power systems. In this paper the main aim is to decide optimal number size and location of DG units for voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction in distribution network. Wind based type of DG is considered and distributed load flow is used to calculate exact power loss. Load flow algorithm is combined appropriately with GA till access to acceptable results of this operation. The suggested method is programmed under MATLAB software. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was tested on Standard IEEE 37 bus system.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach using cuckoo search (CS) method is proposed for solving OPF problem by optimal setting of control variables, which can search for a global solution using multiple paths.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: This paper deals with application of evolutionary algorithm (EA) to solve optimal power flow problem in an efficient manner. In this paper a new approach using cuckoo search (CS) method is proposed for solving OPF problem by optimal setting of control variables. Cuckoo search method is a bio-inspired algorithm based on brooding behaviour of cuckoo birds. This algorithm can search for a global solution using multiple paths. Different objective functions as fuel cost minimization and power loss minimization has been considered for optimal active & reactive power dispatch respectively. The proposed method is implemented and evaluated on the IEEE 30-bus system. The simulation results of the proposed approach are compared to others those reported in the literature. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach and show its effectiveness and robustness to solve the OPF problem.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most critical transmission lines are identified using line collapse proximity index values and the system severity is analyzed in terms of transmission line loadings, bus voltage magnitude variations are tested on standard IEEE-14 bus test system and the analytical results are presented in numerically and as well as graphically.
Abstract: The power system becomes more severe under contingency conditions. In general, the contingencies may be outage of transmission lines or generators. To identify the effect of outages on system security, the contingency analysis is one of the analytical tools. The congestion on a system must be manages using generation rescheduling and with the proper control of the compensation equipments. The transmission line outage sometime increases the total power system losses, cascading outage of transmission lines, etc. Finally, the system leads to collapse condition. To avoid this type of uncontrolled condition, the power system security needs to be analyzed under transmission line outage condition. In this paper, the most critical transmission lines are identified using line collapse proximity index values and the system severity is analyzed in terms of transmission line loadings, bus voltage magnitude variations are tested on standard IEEE-14 bus test system and the analytical results are presented in numerically and as well as graphically.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a photovoltaic-Wind hybrid power system is proposed for distributed generation of electric power for stand-alone applications at remote locations. But, the main power of the hybrid system comes from the photiovoltaic panels and wind generators, while the batteries are used as backup units.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: Increase in energy demand has made the renewable resources more attractive. Additionally, use of renewable energy sources reduces combustion of fossil fuels and the consequent CO2 emission which is the principal cause of global warming. The concept of photovoltaic-Wind hybrid system is well known and currently thousands of PV-Wind based power systems are being deployed worldwide, for providing power to small, remote, grid-independent applications. This paper shows the way to design the aspects of a hybrid power system that will target remote users. It emphasizes the renewable hybrid power system to obtain a reliable autonomous system with the optimization of the components size and the improvement of the cost. The system can provide electricity for a remote located village. The main power of the hybrid system comes from the photovoltaic panels and wind generators, while the batteries are used as backup units. The optimization software used for this paper is HOMER. HOMER is a design model that determines the optimal architecture and control strategy of the hybrid system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid system would be a feasible solution for distributed generation of electric power for stand-alone applications at remote locations

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the optimum techniques to improve the performance of the piezoresistive pressure sensor and apply finite element analysis as a part to the design to obtain the results approximately to that of theoretical values.
Abstract: The Piezoresistive pressure sensor presented in this paper describes the optimum techniques to improve the performance of the sensor. Finite element analysis is applied as a part to the design to obtain the results approximately to that of theoretical values. The simulation is carried out considering the membrane geometry size, shape and location of piezoresistors. The applied pressure is transformed into voltage by the piezoresistors which are connected in the form of Wheatstone bridge. The sensitivity of the sensor can be enhanced by selecting proper membrane geometry and the piezoresistors location and in the same way the results are obtained.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed medical "DICOM images compression scheme" is based on Hybrid DWT, DCT and Huffman coding techniques and gives better quality of image that includes high PSNR and CR as well as low MSE.
Abstract: Image compression plays a crucial role in medical imaging allowing efficient storage and transmissions by reducing the amount of data required to represent the digital image. The main goal is to achieve higher compression ratios and minimum degradation in quality. To decrease the storage space, the use of different compression techniques is justified by some medical imaging modalities generate the volume that of data which will be increasing. Different medical images like X-ray angiograms, magnetic resonance images, Ultrasound and computed Tomography are used in the medical image compression techniques. In medical applications it is required to conserve the diagnostic validity of the image requires the use of lossless compression methods, producing low compression factors. For medical data, lossless compression is preferred to the greater gains of lossy compression, in the interest of accuracy. . A set of experiment has been performed for the analysis of the proposed work on the several DICOM medical images and it has been observed that the DWT, DCT and Huffman coding has higher compression ratio than the hybrid model. The proposed method gives better quality of image that includes high PSNR and CR as well as low MSE. The proposed medical "DICOM images compression scheme" is based on Hybrid DWT, DCT and Huffman coding techniques.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The result is shown which prove that the maximum power point tracking algorithm is suitable for wind turbine.
Abstract: This paper Proposes Maximum Power Extraction from Wind Turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator, using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control scheme with the help of regulating the dc link Voltage through Boost converter. This MPPT control scheme is applied by using directly the voltage and current of the generator which is much accurate then getting the parameters from the mechanical and other relative transducers will reduce the accuracy and cost. Feasibility of this control become possible from the relation of the power to the rotor speed and the speed is then related to the DC voltage on the rectifier’s side. The components in this wind generation system are Wind Turbine as Prime Mover, PMSG (permanent magnet synchronous generator), rectifier for converting the ac three phase voltage of the PMSG to DC Voltage, Boost converter which will control the DC Voltage of the rectifier and we will have relative speed for the extraction of maximum power from the wind turbine, and a PWM inverter which will invert the DC Voltage supplied by PMSG through rectifier and boost converter to AC Voltage for the load or the grid. The simulation is done with help of MATLAB/SIMULINK and the result is shown which prove that the maximum power point tracking algorithm is suitable for wind turbine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The range of sensors their principles, advantages and disadvantages, and the enormous benefits of Electronic Nose in the field of food control, clinical diagnosis, cosmetics, environmental factors, garbage control and detection of plant diseases are outlined.
Abstract: Electronic Nose is one of the most advance device in the field of sensor technology. It is responsible for the automated detection and classification of gases, odors and vapors. This paper reviews the three components of Electronic Nose i.e. sample handling, detection system, data processing system. It outlines the range of sensors their principles, advantages and disadvantages. It describe the data processing through pattern recognition process. It also outlines the enormous benefits of Electronic Nose in the field of food control, clinical diagnosis, cosmetics, environmental factors, garbage control and detection of plant diseases.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the buck-boost converter is used along with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control mechanism to extract the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic and feed it to the load via the buck boost converter which steps up the voltage to required magnitude.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: In this paper utilization of a buck-boost converter for control of photovoltaic power using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mechanism is presented. First the photovoltaic module is analyzed using MATLAB. For the main aim of the project is the buck -boost converter is to be used along with a Maximum Power Point Tracking control mechanism. The MPPT is responsible for extracting the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic and feed it to the load via the buck boost converter which steps up the voltage to required magnitude. The main aim will be to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module so that the maximum possible power can be extracted from the photovoltaic. The algorithms utilized for MPPT are generalized PO algorithms and are easy to model or use as a code. The algorithms are written in m files of MATLAB and utilized in simulation. Both the buck boost converter and the solar cell are modelled using Sim Power System blocks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comparative study of Z-N method and Genetic Algorithm method to determine the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters, for speed control of a Field Oriented Control (FOC) induction motor finds no much variation in the evolutionary algorithms (GA) than and Ziegler - Nicholson method.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: This Paper presents a comparative study of Z-N method and Genetic Algorithm method (GA) to determine the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters, for speed control of a Field Oriented Control (FOC) induction motor; the GA algorithm has been programmed and implemented in MATLAB. Z-N method and trial and error and open loop IM has been modelled in MATLAB (SIMULINK).comparing with traditional Ziegler- Nicholson method, it has been observed that during optimizing the controller parameters of a FOC IM drive with evolutionary algorithms (EA), the performance of the controller is improved for the step input in speed control as well as for speed tracking problem more efficiently under no load condition, if the load is placed on IM, the performance characteristics have changed for ZN and trial and error method, but even if load change occur, there is no much variation in the evolutionary algorithms (GA) than and Ziegler - Nicholson method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The performance evaluation of STBC-OFDM systems covering channel model and coding scheme is presented, it includes Rayleigh fading channels by which it is observed that Bit Error Rate (BER) is reduced to achieve the high data rate.
Abstract: The era of entirely wireless, mobile communication is rapidly approaching.Increasingly; users are demanding versatile and convenient modes of communication along with high-speed broadband and technology in the premise of guaranteeing certain quality of communication without losing performance and efficiency. The challenges are to give users high-speed, high-performance in different channel conditions. So, Orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing (OFDM) has been recognized as one of the most promising techniques to meet these challenges. Space Time block Coding (STBC) has drawn much attention in 4G wireless technologies just because of its decoding simplicity. This paper presents the performance evaluation of STBC-OFDM systems covering channel model and coding scheme, it includes Rayleigh fading channels by which it is observed that Bit Error Rate(BER) is reduced to achieve the high data rate.In this work, a performance criterion such as bit error rates for low SNR is analyzed. The BER for OFDM system over Rician fading channel is observed to be 0.1273.It has been reduced to 0.03919 over Rayleigh fading channel with Line of Sight (LOS) for the same Signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed system focuses on designing a robot that can used for both defence and domestic systems, which captures the live motion and the position of the live human using the camera and sends the live video and the positions to the control room via wireless communication technique.
Abstract: The field of robotics is largely unexplored by the underdeveloped and the developing countries. Robotics have been a staple of advanced manufacturing for over half a century. Over the past decade, we have seen increasing levels of investment in autonomous vehicles used for surveillance and security. In domestic side the robots are employed only for detecting the human motion in the area and in capturing the motion and storing it in the database but in the defence side the robots are used for capturing the live motion and sending the live motion to the control room and capturing the person in the field. The proposed system focuses on designing a robot that can used for both defence and domestic systems. In this project embedded platform is used for making the robot, the robot which are we designing captures the live motion and the position of the live human using the camera and sends the live video and the position to the control room via wireless communication technique.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid method, which combines perturb-and-observve (P&O) and fire fly algorithm (FA) was proposed to track the global maximum point (GMP).
Abstract: The energy demand is increased now days and the nonrenewable energies are produce high environmental hazards and its reduced by the renewable energy resources. In solar energy is convert electrical energy which help of photo voltaic (PV) generation. The solar energy efficacy reduced because of climatic change, so need to track maximum power point of PV. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods like perturb-and-observe (P&O) method is used to track only the first local maximum point (LMP) the progress. MPPT methods based on Fire Fly Algorithm (FA) used to track the global maximum point (GMP). But the problem associated with the FA algorithm is produce long time for searching the LMP. This paper reports a hybrid method, which combines P&O and FA methods. First, the P&O method is used to find the local maximum point. Then, starting from that point on, the FA method is used to search the GMP. The advantage of the proposed the time that is required for convergence improved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The performance comparison has been made of two different algorithms for multiple face detection in color images; first algorithm combines HSI and YCbCr color models along with morphological operations and second algorithm uses Viola-Jones algorithm.
Abstract: Human face detection has become a major field of interest in current research because there is no deterministic algorithm to find multiple faces in a given image. In this paper, the performance comparison has been made of two different algorithms for multiple face detection in color images. First algorithm combines HSI and YCbCr color models along with morphological operations. In the second algorithm, RGB color model with Viola-Jones algorithm is used. After making comparison, it is found that; first algorithm gives better detection accuracy (91%) as compared to the second method (88%). But, first algorithm requires more processing time which is matter of concerned in real-time face detection. The average processing time required for first algorithm is about 6.3sec, whereas for second algorithm it is 5.1sec.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a poser of a hybrid electric vehicle with energy management system with multiple source of energy is developed and analyzed the performance of HEV on Matlab. And the developed control strategies continuously support the EMS of the multiple sources of energy for a vehicle under normal load conditions.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: The environmental aspect like oil depletion, global heating and CO2 gas emissions have become a concern and have propelled the development of an efficient and extendable energy management system (EMS) using fuel cell and battery sources for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. In this paper, a poser of a hybrid electric vehicle with energy management system with multiple source of energy is developed and analyzing the performance of HEV on Matlab. The multiple sources of energy, such as a battery and fuel cell (FC), EMS and power controller are designed and modelled using MATLAB. The developed control strategies continuously support the EMS of the multiple sources of energy for a vehicle under normal load conditions. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of vehicle speed and Load power. These study results suggest that the proposed control technique provides an efficient and feasible EMS for light electric vehicles. I. INTRODUCTION Around 90% of today's automobiles run on petroleum based product, which are estimated to be depleted by 2050. Moreover, current automobiles utilize only 27% of the energy released from petroleum and rest is wasted into the atmosphere. Despite recent efforts to improve fuel efficiency and reduce toxic emissions in cars, emissions have continued to increase steadily in the past two decades. For preservation of gasoline for future and increasing the efficiency of vehicle an electric vehicle can be a major breakthrough. An electric vehicle is pollution free and is efficient at low speed conditions mainly in high traffic areas. But battery charging is time consuming. Moreover, it cannot provide high power required by drives during high speed conditions or in slopes of hilly areas. Therefore the combination of fuel cell and lithium ion battery is one of the best options for gaining high performance in electric vehicle. Gasoline engine proves its efficiency at higher speeds in high ways and waste a lot of energy in urban areas. A hybrid electric vehicle solves these problems by combining the fuel cell and lithium ion battery and uses both the power sources at their efficient conditions. The objective of this project aims at better utilization of fuel energy and reduces dependence on non- renewable resources using latest technology. The implementation involves development of HEV that uses battery as well as fuel cell power for propulsion of vehicle.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Diversity gain for the MIMO radar system is dependent on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and maximum possible diversity gain can be achieved for non orthogonal waveforms.
Abstract: In current scenario, the demand for wireless communication is increasing drastically. A wireless system has number of advantages over its wired counterpart including allowing a communication link to be set up quickly without the difficulty and expense of installing data transmission lines. The wireless communications industry has experienced an explosive growth in the last decade. One of the most promising spectrums an efficient technique is multiple-input- multiple-output (MIMO) systems that employ multiple transmits and receives antennas. The multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) radar system transmits M antennas and receives N antennas. In this proposed system first step can be initially derive the diversity gain for a signal present versus signal absent scalar hypothesis test statistic and for a vector signal present versus vector signal absent hypothesis test. The MIMO radar system, used to detect a target composed of Q random scatterers with possibly non-Gaussian reflection coefficients in the presence of possibly non-Gaussian clutter-plus-noise. Diversity gain for the MIMO radar system is dependent on the cumulative distribution function (CDF). In this maximum possible diversity gain can be achieved for non orthogonal waveforms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper aims to enhance the flexibility in controlling and monitoring of industrial pressure process by configuring and developing a HMI using DCS with SCADA.
Abstract: At present time, most of the process industries are in the position to monitor and control many different processes in their manufacturing process at the same instant of time. Global monitoring and controlling of all the process at a same time of instance will lead to increase the process productivity and plant safety. Distributed control and centralized monitoring are the key-factors to ensure the plant safety. This paper aims to enhance the flexibility in controlling and monitoring of industrial pressure process by configuring and developing a HMI using DCS with SCADA. The field output of industrial pressure process are fetched and the parameters have been sent to the Field Control Station (FCS) where the controlling is distributed and monitoring is centralized.Hence the optimized control of different industrial process has been achieved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simulation and performance analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor using FOPID with LQR is presented, which shows the superiority of linearly quadratic regulator method over FOPid controller.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: This paper presents a simulation and performance analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor using FOPID with LQR. DC motor is widely used in industries even if its maintenance cost is higher than the induction motor. Speed control of DC motor is attracted considerable research and several methods are evolved. The LQR controller is the very commonly used compensating controller. This paper presents a comparison of time response specification between conventional Fractional order Proportional- Integral-Derivatives (FOPID) controller and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for a speed control of a separately excited DC motor. A class of fractional order systems having single non-integer order element which show highly sluggish and oscillatory open loop responses have been tuned with an LQR based FOPID controller. The goal is to determine which control strategy delivers better performance with respect to DC motor"s speed. Performance of these controllers has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. According to the simulation results, liner quadratic regulator method gives the better performance, such as settling time, steady state error and overshoot compared to FOPID controller. This shows the superiority of liner quadratic regulator method over FOPID controller.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a MATLAB/SIMULINK model for an on-grid and off-grid photovoltaic system was used to evaluate various power and voltage levels, charging and discharging trends of the battery bank, and the amount of power injected to the grid.
Abstract: 2 Abstract: The demand for electrical energy is peaking. At the same time the conventional energy sources are depleting. In order to bridge the gap between the increasing demand and production some alternative energy resources have to be exploited. Renewable energy resources seem to be a promising solution. Solar energy having its own importance in such a scenario as it is clean, environmental friendly and infinite source of energy. The solar photo voltaic systems can be classified in to off-grid and on-grid systems. The yield of a solar photovoltaic system depends on various factors such as irradiation, temperature. Evaluation of the existing system is very important for the characterization of the existing problems and for the future improvements. For the evaluation a MATLAB/SIMULINK model is prepared for an on-grid and off-grid photovoltaic system. This study aims the evaluation of various power and voltage levels, charging and discharging trends of the battery bank, and the amount of power injected to the grid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new system to make the verification of signatures size and angle invariant for cheque system is designed and will be used in financial and business to automatic signature verification.
Abstract: Signature is a behavioral trait of an individual and forms a special class of handwriting in which legible letters or words may not be exhibited. The purpose of this paper is to design a new system to make the verification of signatures size and angle invariant for cheque system. The invariance can be achieved by scaling and rotational manipulations on the target image. That is the number of crests, toughs and curves remains the same irrespective of the size and orientation of the image. The ratio between consecutive crests and troughs there by remain the same and hence can be used to determine the genuineness of a signature. This system will be used in financial and business to automatic signature verification. It also includes the verification of the account number and amount on the cheque using OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and finds out if the cheque is cleared or bounced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A highly efficient image encryption-then- compression (ETC) system, where both lossless and lossy compressions are considered, and the proposed image encryption scheme operated in the prediction error domain is shown to be able to provide a reasonably high level of security.
Abstract: In many practical scenarios, image encryption has to be conducted prior to image compression. This has led to the problem of how to design a pair of image encryption and compression algorithms such that compressing the encrypted images can still be efficiently performed. In this paper, we design a highly efficient image encryption-then- compression (ETC) system, where both lossless and lossy compressions are considered. The proposed image encryption scheme operated in the prediction error domain is shown to be able to provide a reasonably high level of security. We also demonstrate that an arithmetic coding-based approach can be exploited to efficiently compress the encrypted images. More notably, the proposed compression approach applied to encrypted images is only slightly worse, in terms of compression efficiency, than the state-of-the-art lossless/lossy image coders, which take original, unencrypted images as inputs. In contrast, most of the existing ETC solutions induce significant penalty on the compression efficiency.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A low-power flip-flop design featuring an explicit type pulse-triggered structure and a modified true single phase clock latch based on a signal feed-through scheme that outperforms the conventional P-FF design and features the best power-delay-product performance in both implicit and explicit type flip flops under comparison.
Abstract: A low-power flip-flop (FF) design featuring an explicit type pulse-triggered structure and a modified true single phase clock latch based on a signal feed-through scheme is presented. The proposed design successfully solves the long discharging path problem in conventional explicit type pulse-triggered FF (P-FF) designs and achieves better speed and power performance. Based on post-layout simulation results using cadence virtuoso CMOS 180-nm technology, the proposed design outperforms the conventional P-FF design. The proposed design features the best power-delay-product performance in both implicit and explicit type flip flops under comparison. Counters can be designed using such flip flop. As a result power consumption is reduced compared to conventional methods. In this paper, a low power explicit pulse triggered flip flop is discussed as a proper choice of low power applications and comparison with other flip flop architectures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: As a result of the simulation, it is found that an active power filter is the better way to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD).
Abstract: Along with the increasing demand on improving power quality i.e generally defined as any change in power (voltage, current, or frequency) that interferes with the normal operation of electrical equipment, the most popular technique that has been used is Active Power Filter (APF); This is because Passive filters performance is limited to a few harmonics and they can introduce resonance in the power system. Passive filters are larger component sizes and therefore Costs high. So APF can easily eliminate unwanted harmonics, improve power factor and overcome voltage sags and eliminate any harmonic frequencies. This paper will discuss and analyze the simulation result for a three-phase three wire shunt active power filter using MATLAB program. This simulation will implement a non-linear load, to compensate line current harmonics under balanced and unbalance loads. As a result of the simulation, it is found that an active power filter is the better way to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This proposed paper discusses various techniques and transformations proposed earlier in literature for processing, QRS complex and P and T wave detection of ECG signals and make comparison among them.
Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG), a non-stationary signal, is extensively used as one of the important diagnostic tools for the detection of the health of a heart. Comparison of overall ECG waveform pattern and shape enables doctors to diagnose possible diseases. Currently there is computer based analysis which employs certain signal processing to diagnose a patient based on ECG recording. The Electrocardiogram may contain various artefacts, noise and baseline wander when ECG is recorded which severely limits the utility of the recorded ECG and thus needs to be removed for better clinical evaluation. Signal pre-processing helps us remove contaminants from the ECG signals. The baseline wander and other wideband noise are not suppressed by hardware equipments. Software schemes are more powerful and feasible for offline ECG signal processing. Automatic detection of R peaks in a QRS complex is a fundamental requirement for automatic disease identification. Recently, numerous research and techniques have been developed for processing, detection of QRS complex, P and T waves of ECG signal. All these techniques and algorithms have their advantages and limitations. This proposed paper discusses various techniques and transformations proposed earlier in literature for processing, QRS complex and P and T wave detection of ECG signals and make comparison among them.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a speed sensor less adaptive robust control method is proposed to improve the trajectory tracking performance of induction motors, which employs the so called vector control (or field oriented control) theory for the multilevel inverter fed induction motor drives.
Abstract: A novel speed sensor less adaptive robust control method is proposed to improve the trajectory tracking performance of induction motors. The proposed design employs the so called vector control (or field oriented control) theory for the multilevel inverter fed induction motor drives. The inverter design is based on three- level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter with hysteresis current control technique. Two Mamdani type fuzzy logic controllers are used; one as speed controller and the other is in Luenberger Observer in order to estimate the actual rotor speed. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters such as membership functions, normalizing and de- normalizing parameters of fuzzy logic controller. The performance of proposed scheme is investigated under various load and speed conditions. The simulation results show its stability and robustness for high performance sensor less drive applications.