Showing papers in "IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry in 2017"
TL;DR: There is a need for all stakeholders to meet and discuss the possible ways of containing and controlling the current Tuta absoluta outbreak by describing the potential damage of the pest, its entry, pathways and its control methods.
Abstract: The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is becoming one of the key pests of tomato in Tanzania; which account for its production loss of up to 80 to 100% if left unchecked. The pest was first introduced in Tanzania in 2014.due to porous nature of our borders and lack of quarantine regulations implementation. Tomato producers in Tanzania have little understanding of leafminers, and hence lack best practices for it control. The pest have developed resistance to dozens of pesticides and therefore the (IPM) strategy that employs bio-chemical, biological, physical and cultural methods is the only best option we had at time. Since its introduction in 2014, there was no any sound action plan implemented. Thus, the aim of this review paper is to call for attentions and concerted actions of concerned sectors by describing the potential damage of the pest, its entry, pathways and its control methods. There is a need for all stakeholders to meet and discuss the possible ways of containing and controlling the current Tuta absoluta outbreak.
20 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Activated carbon of rice straw (ACRS) was used to remove Cr(VI) from waste water. But, the removal decreased from 74.2 to 47.2% by increasing the ACRS concentration from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/l.
Abstract: Rice straw is find out as agricultural waste material labundantly in india. It is also used in paper industry due to it abundantly available in rice-producing countries. Activated carbon of rice straw (ACRS) was used to remove Cr(VI) from waste water. The Batch process were used to evaluate the effect activated carbon of rice straw for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies on pH effect, contact time, adsorbent dose were examined. The removal decreased from 74.2 to 47.2% by increasing the Cr(VI) concentration from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/l. Removal, however, decreased from 80.3 to 7.2% by increasing the adsorbent particle size from 100 μm to 200 μm. The adsorbed dose of Cr (VI) tend to increase with the increase of pH. It has been found that a low cost and high capabilities of the ACRS make it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
15 citations
TL;DR: The strength of colour is increased by means of the stannous chloride mordent used compared to other mordants applied to the cotton dyed with the natural dyes extracted from the hibiscus rosa sinensis and marigold flower.
Abstract: In this study deals with the isolation of natural dyes from hibiscus rosa sinensis and marigold flowers. There are different methods are used to synthesis the natural dyes on each flower. Then they are analysed by GC-MS, UV-Visible and IR Spectroscopy instrumental analysis. The instrument anlaysis reveals the structural conformation of natural dye collected from each dye. The mordant are important chemical component which is used to add with natural dye to enhance the colour strength of natural dye collected from the above flowers. In this project we use the alum, potassium dichromate, copper chloride and stannous chloride are used as mordant to increase the colour strength of each natural dye collected from the concerned flowesr. The colour strength is analysed with DATAColor Spectrophotomete. Wast fastness, Xenon fastness test are also carried out. From above test we conclude the strength of colour is increased by means of the stannous chloride mordent used compared to other mordants applied to the cotton dyed with the natural dyes extracted from the hibiscus rosa sinensis and marigold flower.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, natural fiber extracted from Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) fibers were treated with alkaline and potassium permanganate (KMnO4)acetone solution at various concentrations for different soaking time.
Abstract: Natural fiber extracted from Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) fibers were treated with alkaline and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) —acetone solution at various concentrations for different soaking time. In order to identify the effect of this chemical modification on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the fiber, Instron testing machine and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used. Mechanical properties test results reveals that chemical treatment substantially improve the strength of treated fiber and increase it bulk density. Optimum tensile strength of 690Mpa was obtained after treatment; while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs indicate enhance surface roughness of treated fibres. Treated Fibres with 0.05% KMnO4-acetone solution for 3min (05K3) was found to the highest tensile strength, enhance uniform surface roughness, and bulk density.
13 citations
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a compound was isolated and purified using different chromatographic techniques and the structure of the compound determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (IR, HNMR, COSY, DEPT, MS).
Abstract: Aim: isolation, purification and NMR characterization of secondary metabolites in Mimosa pudica. Study design: extraction, isolation and identification of the secondary metabolties from the petroleum ether and metabolites extracts from Mimosa pudica. Methodology: In the course of our study on Mimosa pudica, a compound was isolated and purified using different chromatographic techniques and the structure of the compound determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (IR, HNMR, COSY, DEPT, MS). Place and Duration of Study: this work was carried out in the chemistry Department Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria within the month June 2016 to December 2016. Result: The entire plant parts of Mimosa was extracted using absolute ethanol, the TLC of the crude extract indicate the many compounds with Rf values 0.41,0.43,0.56,0.68,0.89 and 0.90. Purification: The results of several chromatographic techniques on the isolated gave rise to a triterpenoidglycoside with Rf value 0.55. The spectral analyses involving HNMR, NMR, DEPT, 135 COSY, HMBC and IR, MS were useful in proposing the structure of the compound MP11.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation kinetics of vitamin C was determined in Lettuce and Cabbage, and the processing treatment considered was blanching at 70 0 C of water differently for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,30,35 and 40 minutes.
Abstract: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is one of the most important and popular vitamins, and is contained in most fruits and vegetables; the problem with vitamin C is its easy degradation during processing. In this study, the degradation kinetics of vitamin C was determined in Lettuce and Cabbage, and the processing treatment considered was blanching at 70 0 C of water differently for 5, 10, 15, 20,25,30,35 and 40 minutes. Samples were dried in mild temperature (15–20 0 C) and ground to find dust and High Pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was used for determination of the AA of vegetable salad samples which consisted of an isocratic elution procedure with UV-Visible detection at 245nm. The rate constants were calculated for both vegetable salad samples under the same processing method using the integrated law method; half-life was also calculated. Degradation of ascorbic acid in Lettuce and Cabbage under the same pretreatment procedure followed the firstorder kinetic model, as the coefficient of determination (R 2 -value) were 0.8981 and 0.9785 respectively. The rate constant of ascorbic acid degradation for Lettuce and Cabbage under the same blanching conditions were 0.099 min-1 and 0.088 min-1 respectively. The half-life of Lettuce and Cabbage were 420.0892 and 472.6004 seconds respectively. The most appropriate vegetable salad under the blanching pretreatment procedure is the cabbage because its rate constant depicted from the model equations was lower, and the half life longer, hence, slower rate of degradation. The first order forecast (Ln(C)), was 0.657964 for Lettuce and 1.330017 for Cabbage, which further authenticate that blanched Lettuce degradation was higher than Cabbage under the same pretreatment conditions.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes, and the effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance.
Abstract: The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm 2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm 2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m 3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficiency of the husk, stalk, cob and seed chaff from maize biomass in the removal of Zn ions from solution under different conditions was studied and compared.
Abstract: The efficiency of the husk, stalk, cob and seed chaff from maize biomass in the removal of Zn ions from solution under different conditions was studied and compared. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of the different biomass parts before and after adsorption of metal ions showed that the husk and cob had more available functional groups and as such active sites for the adsorption of Zn 2+ ions than the seed chaff and stalk. Percentage removal of Zn 2+ ions from solution increased with increase in the studied pH range for all the parts. This value also increased with increase in biomass load for the husk and cob but showed an alternating increase and decrease in Zn 2+ ions removal as biomass load increased when the seed chaff and stalk were studied. At optimum pH and biomass load for the studied parts the maize husk gave the best removal efficiency of 72.8 %, making it a promising green packing material for industrial scale water treatment application.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in structure, chemical and mineralogical composition and surface morphology have been studied using advanced techniques like FTIR, EDAX, XRD and SEM, respectively.
Abstract: Natural clay drags attention because of their wide application, ample availability, lower cost and ease of modification. Acid treatment of raw clay is easiest way to activate clay. Acid activation improves their bleaching action and also enhances their efficiency as adsorbent. In this paper, study is focused on different aspects of acid activation. Changes in structure, chemical and mineralogical composition and surface morphology have been studied using advanced techniques like FTIR, EDAX, XRD and SEM, respectively. Textural characteristics like surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter were also determined using BET method. The results indicate that surface area is increased four times after acid activation and mesoporosity of the sample also increased. It is observed that octahedral cations were more prone to acid attack rather than tetrahedral one. Due to leaching of octahedral cations and interlayer exchangeable cations, changes in chemical composition and modification in structure has occurred as identified by EDX and FTIR. XRD studies of untreated clay confirmed montmorillonite nature of sample. Results further showed the presence of mineral phase other than montmorillonite. For activated clay, XRD results indicate partial degradation of clay structure as a consequence of acid treatment. Surface morphology reveals that surface of clay is getting improved and grains of quartz can be observed after acid activation.
TL;DR: Aqueous leaf extracts of the Plumeria plant was used as reducing and as capping agent in this paper, which indicated the reduction of Silver ions into Silver nanoparticles. And the synthesized AgNPs exhibited good Antibacterial potential against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Abstract: In the present work, the stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the bioreduction method. Aqueous leaf extracts of the Plumeria plant was used as reducing and as capping agent. The color change in reaction mixture from bright green to dark brown color was observed which indication of the reduction of Silver ions into Silver nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM and XRD studies. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited good Antibacterial potential against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
TL;DR: In this article, the process of producing allicin in garlic was investigated, which has a lot of benefits such as anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and deradicalizing properties.
Abstract: In this research, we investigate the process of producing allicin in garlic. With regard to the chemical compositions of garlic (Allium Sativum L.), allicin is among the active sulfuric materials in garlic that has a lot of benefits such as anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and deradicalizing properties.
TL;DR: The results revealed that the antioxidant activity of mango fruit extracts is greater than that of avocado and the antioxidant activities of the same fruits type differ from place to place even in the same zone.
Abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Avocado (Persea Americana) fruits are rich in bioactive molecules that protect human cells against the detrimental effect of free radicals. The phytochemical analysis revealed the Presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and flavonoids in both fruits. The free radical scavenging activity using total antioxidant capacity of the phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide method were carried out on the water extracts of mango and avocado fruits. The order of antioxidant potential according to phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide method was found to be higher in Mangifera indica L. than in Persea americana. The result for the total antioxidant capacity of the measured concentration (0.1 0.3 mg/ml) had mangifera indica showing the higher capacity with 0.372 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalence (AAE) and Persea americana be with 0.265 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalence (AAE).Further, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was recorded maximum for Mangifera indica L. (70.67%) and (68%) for Persea americana.Phytochemical screening on the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The results revealed that the antioxidant activity of mango fruit extracts is greater than that of avocado. The antioxidant activities of the same fruits type differ from place to place even in the same zone.
TL;DR: A facile and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) via CoPrecipitation in the presence of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus hispida L. as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A facile and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) via CoPrecipitation in the presence of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus hispida L. The optical, crystalline, structural morphology and magnetic behaviour of the synthesized Fe3O4 NPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The absorption spectrum reveals the peak at 379 nm, which confirm the formations of Fe3O4 NPs. XRD results reveals the formation of phase pure Fe3O4 NPs with cubic inverse spinel structure with crystallite sizes of 11.04 nm. The FESEM and TEM images clearly show that the spherical shape of Fe3O4 NPs with average particles size of 10.96 nm. Bright circular rings in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern showed good crystallinity. VSM results show super paramagnetic behaviour of Fe3O4 NPs. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs have potential to adsorption of Methylene Blue(MB)
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of solid tannery waste as filler in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied by examination of mechanical properties, morphology and thermal properties of the composites produced.
Abstract: The potential of solid tannery waste as filler in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied by examination of mechanical properties, morphology and thermal properties of the composites produced. The Composites were prepared by two roll melt mixing and compression moulding technique for varying fiber contents from 0% to 60%. The parameters tested were tensile, impact and hardness in accordance with ASTM specification. The morphology and thermal properties of the matrix and composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of stress-strain behaviour of the composite was similar to those of thermoplastic polymer, the tensile strength and yield stress of the control (HDPE) was higher than that of the prepared samples by 8% and 5%. Hardness was better than HDPE by 12.86%. When 3.5g of Mg (OH)2, 0.3g of Ti2O, 10g of NR, 0.5g of trimethyl quinolene (TMQ), 2g of ethylene vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer and 2ml of Acrylic acid were incorporated into the formulation, 52.2%, 39.2% and 29.1% enhancement in yield stress, tensile and impact strength. SEM scan shows ductile tensile fractured surface of composites with better thermal stability than the control. Composite of HDPE90/fibers waste10 presents good mechanical performance with enhanced thermal stability. Keyword: Leather waste; Mechanical properties; Thermal stability; Composite; Additives.
TL;DR: In this paper, homopolymer of octadecyl methacrylate and co-methyl methacylate with molar ratios of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 were synthesized and characterized.
Abstract: Methacrylate polymers are widely used as additives in lubricating oils, as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers. In this study, homopolymer of Octadecyl methacrylate and Octadecyl methacrylate_co_methylmethacrylate with molar ratios of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 were synthesized and characterized. The free radical polymerization was carried out at 70 °C in toluene solvent and 2, 2′azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. All products were characterized by FTIR, 1 H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The obtained results showed the efficacy of the additives as viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants. The pour points of most base oils containing each polymer decreased compared to that of the pure base oil. 70% octadecyl methacrylate units showed a 15C o reduction in their pour points, thus establishing the large efficiency of the products synthesized in this work. The efficiencies of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compound as viscosity index improvers increases with increasing the concentration of additives.
TL;DR: In this paper, a green synthesis of silver nano particles using Tabebuia aurea (TA) leaf extracts as reducing agents and silver nitrate as precursor is presented. But the method is not suitable for green environments.
Abstract: Silver nano particles were synthesized using Tabebuia aurea (TA) leaf extracts as reducing agents and silver nitrate as precursor. This method provides an economic and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nano particles. Formation of silver nano particles were confirmed by colour change from light brown to dark brown. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf broth were reduced and resulted in the green synthesis of silver nano particles. The bio reduced silver nano particles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM and EDX. The absorbance spectrum of aqueous medium containing SNPs showed a peak at around 410440nm.
TL;DR: A new chain of Schiff base complexes made up of Cu(II), Co (II), Cd, Ni, and Mn (II) ions derivatives were obtained by condensation of 4-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde, and 4-aminoantipyrin and some amino acids.
Abstract: A new chain of Schiff base complexes made up of Cu (II), Co (II), Cd (II),Ni (II), and Mn (II) ions derivatives were obtained by the condensation of 4-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde, and 4-aminoantipyrin and some amino acids. The structures of all synthesized complexes were established on the basis of their elemental analysis (UV, FTIR, and 1 HNMR). The study of X-ray crystallographic shows that the compound (Z)-4-((4(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (L5) crystallized in monoclinic system with space group of C2/c and the unit cell dimensions are a= 17.7916, b= 6.8610, c= 29.7199, α =90.000 β =101.326 γ = 90.000., Z = 8 and V = 3557.20 Å 3 .The antibacterial activity of the complexes are tested against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
TL;DR: In this paper, activated carbon prepared from groundnut shells (GSAC) by sulphuric acid treatment was coated with Fe3O4(GSACFe3O 4) and tested for its efficiency as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution.
Abstract: In this work, activated carbon prepared from groundnut shells (GSAC) by sulphuric acid treatment was coated with Fe3O4(GSACFe3O4) and tested for its efficiency as an adsorbentfor the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The structural morphology and functional groups present were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Various sorption parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied. The percentage removal of methylene blue increased with decrease in initial methylene blue concentration and increased with increase in contact time and dose of the adsorbent. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models.
TL;DR: In this paper, a one-pot hydrothermal process using silver nitrate as a precursor was used to synthesize a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite.
Abstract: Graphene-based nanocomposite have significant applicability in catalysis, electronics, medicine, and energy. In this report silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) nanocomposite was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal process using silver nitrate as a precursor. Under hydrothermal process Graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), without using chemical reagents. As synthesized (Ag-RGO) nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV Vis-spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activities of the composite were investigated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrate that Ag-RGO nanocomposite was a strong bactericide against Gram-negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity was evaluated for bare GO, Ag and Ag-RGO nanocomposite by DPPH radical scavenging assay. It was observed that Ag/RGO nanocomposite has enhanced antioxidant activity than bare GO and Ag.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors model and analyze an existing natural gas transmission pipeline, the 24-inch, 5km gas export pipeline of the Amenam-Kpono field, Niger Delta, Nigeria, to determine properties such as pressure, temperature, density, flow velocity and dew point occurring at different segments of the pipeline, and compare these with normal pipeline conditions in order to identify the segments most susceptible to condensation/hydrate formation so that cost effective and efficient preventive/remedial actions can be taken.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to model and analyze an existing natural gas transmission pipeline – the 24-inch, 5km gas export pipeline of the Amenam-Kpono field, Niger Delta, Nigeria – to determine properties such as pressure, temperature, density, flow velocity and, in particular, dew point, occurring at different segments of the pipeline, and to compare these with normal pipeline conditions in order to identify the segments most susceptible to condensation/hydrate formation so that cost-effective and efficient preventive/remedial actions can be taken. The analysis shows that high pressure and low temperature favor condensation/hydrate formation, and that because these conditions are more likely in the lower half of the pipeline system, remedial/preventive measures such as heating/insulation and inhibition injection should be channeled into that segment for cost optimization..
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the physico-chemical quality of the Aghien lagoon in view of its consomptions as drinking water and the results showed that the water in the lagoon is rich in biodegradable organic matter.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of the Aghien lagoon in view of its consomptions as drinking water. The physico-chemical parameters were measured and water sampling were carried out monthly from June 2014 to May 2015 in eleven (11) sites well defined around Aghien lagoon. The parameters were determined using standard methods as defined by the French Association of Standardization (AFNOR). The Seasonal values of temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, percentage dissolved oxygen and TSS in Water,falls to the following 26.31-29.76 °C; 6.95-8.03; 16.74-41.05 NTU; 63.15-109.11 μS/Cm; 63.91-100.21% and 8-31.18 mg/L respectively. ANOVA analysis result showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between seasons (dry and rainy) as for temperature, pH and electrical conductivity in all stations. For turbidity, dissolved oxygen and TSS, there was a significant difference between seasons. Seasonal concentrations of nutrient salts in water (mg/L) ranged from 0.01 to 0.14 for NO2 ; 0.48 and 1.93 for NO3 ; 0.06 and 1.90 for PO4 3. Seasonal variations showed a significant difference (p <0.05) for nitrate. The mean values of most parameters studied during both seasons are generally below the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization and SEQ Littoral. The calculated COD / BOD5 ratio showed that the water in the Aghien Lagoon is rich in biodegradable organic matter. The principal component analysis (P.C.A) of the data allowed to define three different types of water of the Aghien lagoon influenced by the seasonal variables. On the whole, the waters of the Aghien Lagoon could be used for the production of drinking water after treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, a study has been conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) in ten commonly used vegetables and fruits available in local market of Jagdalpur.
Abstract: This study has been conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) in ten commonly used vegetables and fruits available in local market of jagdalpur. (Bastar) Comparing the results of heavy metals in vegetables and fruits by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, (Thermo scientific Pvt. Ltd. India Model No. AA 303) double beam with their respective natural level. Fe concentration varied considerably in spinach, tomato, cauliflower and lady finger are crossed permissible limits. Copper concentration in cauliflower, spinach, apple, grapes are below than the safe limit. Overall, this study indicates that the vegetables and fruits sample are contaminated by toxic heavy metals.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the bulb of C zeylanicum contained essential nutrients and antibacterial effects suitable for health benefit as it explained the medicinal action of the plant encountered in its therapeutic uses.
Abstract: The proximate composition and antibacterial activity of Crinum zeylanicum bulb was evaluated with the aim of understanding the rationale usage by herbal traditional practitioners on trouble skin and bone setting/healing. Aqueous, ethanol and n-hexane extracts were tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae using the agar well diffusion technique and zones of inhibition in diameter. The proximate parameters analyzed revealed the presence of moisture (39.58%±1.16), ash (6.26%±2.13), crude fiber (26.55%±0.68) crude fat (5.00%±0.00), total carbohydrate (43.95% ±2.15) , nitrogen (0.51%±0.06), crude protein (3.19%±0.01) and reducing sugar (0.49), The antibacterial screening results revealed that the aqueous extract showed marked inhibitory effect on the test organisms than other extracts at significant difference of ≤ 0.01 and more pronounce on S.pneumoniae while S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive toward antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and then the n-hexane extract showed no activity on the test organisms except for S. pneumoniae at (400-50mg/cm 3 ) concentrations and at 400mg/cm 3 for S. aureus. The MIC and MBC for the three extracts also concurred that water extract have higher potential of preventing the activity of the bacteria than the ethanol and n-hexane extracts. These results indicate that the bulb of C zeylanicum contained essential nutrients and antibacterial effects suitable for health benefit as it explained the medicinal action of the plant encountered in its therapeutic uses
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals for the quality of river Gudar for drinking purpose were characterized and the results showed that the river is one of the rivers found in towns of the country, and exposed to many anthropogenic activities done around the town.
Abstract: Due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, quality of water was deteriorated in most towns of the country. These changes make or forced the community to depend on unsafe and poor water consumption. River Gudar is one of the rivers found in towns of the country, and exposed to many anthropogenic activities done around the town. Importance of river Gudar is strongly linked to Domestic consumption, Irrigation, Industrial (HAEF) and other public health. Under the investigation physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals for the quality of river Gudar for drinking purpose were characterized. The laboratory results for both physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals were: Alkalinity (154 ± 15.556 mg/L), pH (8.44), Electrical Conductivity (316.47 ± 72.802 Scm -1 ), TDS (149.37 ± 20.64 mg/L), Ammonia (41.00 ± 1.19 mg/L), Phosphate (3.50 ± 0.32mg/L), Total Hardness (156.87 ± 8.46 mg/L CaCO3), Sodium (17.44 ± 2.87mg/L), Potassium (8.51 ± 0.33 mg/L) and some selected heavy metals such as Cu (0.29 ± 0.04 mg/L ), Pb (2.5 ± 0.25 mg/L), Zn (0.63 ± 0.24 mg/L), Cd (0.79 ± 0.19 mg/L) and Ag (0.35 ± 0.17 mg/L) for water sample.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied DFT to study the structures of three macrocyclic paramagnetic hexa coordinate complexes (L3M] 2+ {M=V(II), Ni(II)}, and [L3Cr] 3+ (L=2,2 -bipyridine) by four spectral techniques.
Abstract: DFT implemented in ADF.2012.01 was applied to study the structures of three macrocyclic paramagnetic hexa coordinate complexes: [L3M] 2+ {M=V(II), Ni(II)}, and [L3Cr] 3+ (L=2,2 -bipyridine) by four spectral techniques. After their pre-optimization, the software was run by using Single Point, LDA, Default, Relativity, Spin Orbit, ZORA, Unrestricted, None, Collinear, Nosym using TZP or TZ2P Basis sets in ESR/EPR/EFG/ZFS Program to obtain ESR parameters: g11, g22, g33, giso, a11, a22, a33, Aten. More ESR parameters (gn. Aten, ZFS) and NQR parameters {, q11, q22, q33, NQCC} were obtained by replacing Spin Orbit by scalar command in a new ADF Input. The software was, then, run using the “NMR Program” with Single Point, Default, None, Collinear, Nosym using the same Basis sets leaving unrestricted command blank to obtain Shielding Constants (σM, σ 13 C, σ 17 O), Chemical Shifts (δM, δ 13 C, δ 17 O), two diamagnetic, four paramagnetic and four spin orbit contributing terms in σ values of the constituents. The software was also run to obtain IR frequencies of normal modes of the (3n-6) fundamental vibration bands of the complexes. Five parameters: σ, δ, g.Aten, , NQCC of 14 N; four parameters: σ, δ, g.Aten, of 13 C and three parameters: σ, δ, g.Aten, of 1 H corroborated to infer that the 30 Carbons were of 5 different types, the 24 Hydrogens were of 4 different types but the 6 Nitrogens were of the same type spatially in the three studied complexes. This study was important because we could confirm MLCT phenomenon by NMR; calculated four more NMR, ESR and NQR parameters: H^, Ehf, Asymmetric coefficient (), Laplace equation; classified the 177 bands into their vibration symmetries and IR activities and calculated some thermal parameters of the complexes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the series of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu(II) metal complexes quinolin-8-yl (1,3-benzoxazol-2ylsulfanyl)acetate (BZ) have been synthesized.
Abstract: The series of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu(II) metal complexes quinolin-8-yl (1,3-benzoxazol-2ylsulfanyl)acetate (BZ) have been synthesized. All the complexes thoroughly characterized by different physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR, NMR and ESI-Mass). The powder XRD indicates the crystalline state and morphology of Ni (II) and Cu (II) metal complexes, the thermal stability of the metal complexes as been performed. In the current study, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by using DPPH assay, Cu (II) metal complex exhibited higher antioxidant activity almost close to the standard BHT. In addition, antioxidant activity is correlated with docking interactions of human antioxidant enzyme receptor with the competitive inhibitor DTT (PDB: 3MNG), which showed greater binding interactions with metal complexes. The antimicrobial studies has been carried out against different bacterial and fungal strains and the results showed that metal complexes be more active than the ligand BZ. Keywords; Benzoxazole, metal complex, XRD, Antioxidant, molecular docking.
TL;DR: Hamidsup et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a study of the relationship between Synthèse Organique and Procédés d'Extraction at the University of Tofail in Tétouan, Morocco.
Abstract: 1 Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Procédés d`Extraction, Université Ibn Tofail. Département de Chimie, B.P. 133, 14000 Kenitra, Maroc 2 Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et Environnement. Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 2121, Tétouan, Maroc. 3 Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Procédés d`Extraction, Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Maroc * Corresponding author: Email: hamidsup@yahoo.fr