Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science 

About: Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science is an academic journal published by Al-Nahrain University. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Ligand & Schiff base. It has an ISSN identifier of 1814-5922. Over the lifetime, 1021 publications have been published receiving 2678 citations.

Using Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (I-Geo) for the Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Tigris River Sediment in Baghdad Region

Abstract: Six stations along Tigris river in Baghdad region were chosen to collect and assess the Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu and Cd contamination in sediments by using pollution load index (PLI) and geo-accumulation index ( I -geo). Cd was found at the lowest concentration ranged between 0.31.3 µg/g dry weight. Whereas, Mn was the highest ranging between 166 - 426 µg/g dry weight. Geo-accumulation index indicates that the sediment in the most of studied stations were slightly polluted (grade 1) with respect to Pb and Cd, while the sediments in all studied stations were unpolluted (grade 0) with respect to Mn, Cu and Ni. The values of Pollution Load Index (PLI) were found to be very low, and varied between 0.301-0.970, indicating that the studied stations in Tigris river were unpolluted by total of studied heavy metals.

Land Degradation Detection Using Geo-Information Technology for Some Sites in Iraq

Abstract: This study aimed at monitoring, mapping, and assessing the land degradation in the upper Mesopotamian plain of Iraq. The country suffers severely due to land degradation and desertification problems, especially in its central and southern parts. Five vegetative, soil, and water indices related to land degradation were applied to two Landsat TM and ETM+ imageries to assess the extent of land degradation for the study area during the period from 1990 to 2000. A computerized land degradation severity assessment was adopted using ERMapper 7.1, Erdas Imagine 9.2, ArcView 3.3, and ArcGIS 9.1 environments to process, manage, and analysis the raster and thematic datasets. The indices used in this research are: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index “NDVI”, The Normalized Differential Water Index “NDWI”, Tasseled Cap Transformation Wetness “TCW”, and a new index proposed in this study that is the Normalized Differential Sand Dune Index "NDSDI". The results showed a clear deterioration in vegetative cover (2,620.4 km 2 ), an increase of sand dune accumulations (1,018.8 km 2 ), and a decrease in soil/vegetation wetness (1,720.4 km 2 ), accounting for 12.9, 5.0, and 8.5 percent, respectively, of the total study area. In addition, a decrease in the water bodies area was detected (228.1 km 2 ). Sand dunes accumulations had increased in the total study area, with an annual increasing expansion rate of (10.2 km 2 year -1 ) during the ten years covered by the study. The land degradation risk in the study area has increased by 111% during the study period. The statistical analysis of the results indicated that the soil/vegetation wetness is the biggest influence in the process of land degradation in the study area. The high performance of the NDSDI is promising and effective for identifying the sand dunes accumulations in the area of study. This study finds reveals that most of the counties in the study area are exposed to a serious risk of land degradation and drought water bodies.

Dielectric properties of industrial polymer composite materials

Abstract: Frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant ( ) a n d d i e lectric loss ( ) i n pure epoxy resin and polymer composites with glass fiber are studied in the frequency range 40Hz-110 MHz and in the temperature range (25-150) 0 C.The experimental results show that and increased with the addition of glass fiber in epoxy resin. The value of ( ) decreased with increasing frequency which indicates that the major contribution to the polarization comes from orientation polarization .Dielectric loss peaks were also observed in the composite materials at high temperature due to Tg of epoxy .The value of ( ) increased with increasing temperature, and is due to greater freedom of movement of the dipole molecular chains within the epoxy at high temperature.

Refractive Index Dispersion and Analysis of the Optical Parameters of (PMMA/PVA) Thin Film

Abstract: The optical characteristics of (PMMA/PVA) thin films are investigated by spectrometric measurements. Sample with different percentage are prepared with constant thickness (110 m) using casting technique. The real (n) and imaginary (k) parts of refractive index and dielectric constant of the thin films are determined. Some important parameters of optical absorption, such as the oscillator energy (E0), dispersion energy (Ed), the average value of oscillator strength (S0), wavelength (0) of single oscillator and the ratio carrier concentration to the effective mass (N/m*) have been evaluated. The values obtained for the high frequency dielectric constant through two procedures are in the range of (6.31-7.35) for all ranges of the different concentrations.

Structural and Optical Properties of ZnS Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

Abstract: Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) is important II-VI semiconductors material for the development of various modern technologies and photovoltaic applications. ZnS thin film was prepared by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The spray solutions contains ZnCl2 and SC(NH2)2 with molar concentration 0.1M/L. ZnS thin films was growth onto hot glass substrates at substrates temperature 400 о C. The Structure of the prepared film was studied from X-ray diffraction pattern, the results shows that the film was polycrystalline with hexagonal structure, the grain size of ZnS film was calculated, it was 139 A at the high peak. The optical properties of the film were studied using measurement from UV–VIS spectrophotometer; the results appear that a good optical transparency of about 65 % was observed in the visible region. The optical constants were studied as a function of the photon energy within the wavelength in the range (300-900) nm. The refractive index was calculated in the visible region, it was 2.45 at 500 nm. The optical band gaps for the direct and indirect transition were estimate too and it was 3.2 – 3.1 eV respectively.