Showing papers in "Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology in 2022"
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the potential of fish scales as an adsorbent for crystal violet dye exclusion from wastewater and to optimize various adsorption parameters for maximum adaption of dye were investigated.
Abstract: Aim of this research paper was to investigate the potential of fish scales as an adsorbent for crystal violet dye exclusion from wastewater and to optimize various adsorption parameters for maximum adsorption of dye. Parameters studied were solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature. Results showed maximum percentage degradation, i.e., 90% under optimized conditions such as pH 12 solution, 0.4 g adsorbent dose, with 40 min of exposure time and 40 ppm of dye concentration at 10 °C solution temperature. Adsorbent was characterized using FTIR, and SEM techniques to explore the functionality and to study morphology of adsorbent, respectively. Results confirmed that carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfonate groups and heterogeneous adsorbent surface was accountable for crystal violet dye adsorption on fish scales. pHpzc of the fish scale was 8. Adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R isotherm models were also investigated. Contact time data was applied to various kinetic models, i.e., pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Thermodynamic study was also investigated. Results confirmed that experimental data fitted well to Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9983) and pseudo second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9970) as ARE error analysis values of these models were 1.191692 E + 06 and −160.66, respectively (lower than that of other models. Computed ΔG and ΔH values confirmed adsorption process to be spontaneous and of endothermic kind. Applicability of established procedure with tap water was 78% and regeneration percentage was 72% which showed the effectiveness of fish scales powder for removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the characteristics of pea protein isolates after aqueous fractionization into water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions by centrifugation, decantation, and lyophilization were studied.
Abstract: In this study, the characteristics of pea protein isolates after aqueous fractionization into water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions by centrifugation, decantation, and lyophilization were studied. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties upon pH changes were determined. The overall protein compositions of both soluble and insoluble pea protein fractions were similar containing albumins, globulins, and lipoxygenases, but amino acid compositions slightly varied. Distinct differences were observed in their charge properties, particle sizes, and voluminosities. The soluble pea protein fraction was free of measurable particles at pH 7, whereas the insoluble proteins contained particles with sizes of > 80 µm. Close to their respective isoelectric points, the soluble (pI = 3.9) and insoluble pea proteins (pI = 4.9) had very similar sizes of 40–50 µm. At pH 3, the particle sizes of soluble proteins did not change, however, the insoluble pea proteins had again sizes of > 80 µm. Voluminosity of the insoluble fraction was pH-dependent and had its highest voluminosity at pH 3 and 7, indicating changes in water binding as a function of pH. In contrast, the voluminosity of the soluble pea protein fraction did not change with pH. Taken together, this study showed that water-soluble and insoluble pea protein fractions of a commercial isolate may differ substantially with respect to their physicochemical properties. Observed inconsistencies in technofunctionality of various commercial preparations could thus be promoted by varying ratios between the two fractions.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , plate-shaped, hollow flower-shaped and flower-clustered hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared with CaCl2 and (NH4)2HPO4 as raw materials and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as additives.
Abstract: Abstract Plate-shaped, hollow flower-shaped, and flower-clustered hydroxyapatite (HAP) were prepared with CaCl2 and (NH4)2HPO4 as raw materials and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as additives. XRD, SEM, BET, and FT-IR were used to characterize the prepared HAP. The adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) on HAP was investigated. The results showed that adding SDS to an appropriate amount increased the dispersibility and specific surface area of HAP. There is an electrostatic attraction between the surface of HAP and SDS, exposing an increasing number of negatively charged phosphate groups, making the adsorption capacity of cationic dye MB to be improved. SDS-HAP has a removal efficiency of more than 95% of MB under different pH and concentration conditions. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity reached 468.65 mg/g. After three adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal rate of methylene blue is still above 85%. The adsorption of MB by SDS-HAP is an exothermic physical process and conforms to the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Graphical Abstract
7 citations
TL;DR: The biochar-loaded nZVI/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (BC@nZVI)/Ni) was synthesized by liquid phase co-reduction method and evaluated for its potential Cr(VI) removal capacity as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The biochar-loaded nZVI/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (BC@nZVI/Ni) was synthesized by liquid phase co-reduction method and evaluated for its potential Cr(VI) removal capacity. BC@nZVI/Ni had a good removal effect in a wide pH range (2.1-9.2). The removal efficiency reached 100% for 20 mg L−1 Cr(VI) at pH ≤ 3.1. The maximum adsorption capacity of 55.52 mg g−1 was obtained at 298 K. Its excellent removal performance was mainly attributed to the abundant surface functional groups of BC and its prevention effect on nZVI agglomeration, and the reduction effect of Ni(0) on Fe(II). The main mechanism of BC@nZVI/Ni for Cr(VI) removal was electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, surface complexation, reduction and co-precipitation. The adsorption process fitted well with Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models. It was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an effective and selective approach for determining methamphetamine by magnetic nanoparticles coated with poly(3-thienylboronic acid) (Fe3O4@P3Th) as a new magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent (MSPE) in the biological environment was developed.
Abstract: In this study, an effective and selective approach for determining methamphetamine by magnetic nanoparticles coated with poly(3-thienylboronic acid) (Fe3O4@P3Th) as a new magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent (MSPE) in the biological environment was developed. Synthesis of Fe3O4@P3Th magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was approved by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Elemental mapping and EDX analysis. The main factors influencing extraction efficiency, including the amount of nano adsorbent (20–60 mg), type and amount of organic extraction solvent (water-ethanol %), temperature (25–35 °C), pH (3–9), and extraction time (5–210 min), were investigated and optimized using a Support-vector machine. The low mean squared error (Mse) and high correlation coefficient (close to 1) for train, validation, and test data indicate successful and accurate machine backup vector predictions. Adsorption efficiency of 88.9 ± 0.42% was obtained for nano adsorbent in ethanol at the optimal condition (pH: 7, temperature: 35 °C, time: 210 min, and for 60 mg of nano adsorbent). Methamphetamine exhibited good linearity in the concentration range from 100 to 5000 ng/mL under optimal extraction conditions. The results of adsorption showed high chemical stability and adsorption capacity of nano adsorbents due to the presence of P3Th. Therefore, Fe3O4@P3Th magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be used as a new MSPE in clinical and forensic laboratories to determine the materials used in the urinary environment.
6 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors formulated a stable cosmetic nanoemulsion using nature-derived ingredients such as surfactin (a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant produced by Bacillus sp) as an emulsifier, plant-based essential oil as a bioactive ingredient, and coconut oil as the base oil using high-energy ultrasonication method.
Abstract: The current work aims to formulate a stable cosmetic nanoemulsion using nature-derived ingredients such as surfactin (a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant produced by Bacillus sp) as an emulsifier, plant-based essential oil as a bioactive ingredient, and coconut oil as the base oil using high-energy ultrasonication method. To accomplish a stable nanoemulsion formulation, experiments with varying combinations of surfactin concentration, essential oil concentration, ultrasonication time, and amplitude were performed. Statistical analysis of samples, based on the responses such as visual observation, droplet size, and polydispersity index, facilitated proper segregation of best-performing samples from those of poorly performing. Nanoemulsions formulated using optimal conditions of oil-to-surfactant ratio (O/S) of 7.4:1 (%w/w), ultrasonication amplitude of 40%, and ultrasonication time of 4.5 min showed greater stability with average droplets size of 170 ± 12 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.17 ± 0.01 and zeta potential of −56 ± 0.5 mV. The nanoemulsion remained completely stable with no sign of phase separation during the test period of 200 days. Further, the performance of samples toward different stability tests such as heat treatment, centrifugation test, NaCl treatment was satisfactory. In addition, nanoemulsion exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the current study demonstrates the imminent potential of surfactin as a bio-emulsifier in skin-care cosmetics.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the adsorption of molybdenum (Mo) from solutions using prepared working material as sorbent was examined and the maximum capability for Mo(VI)-based adsorment on the created adsorbent was 305.07 ± 2.36 mg/g, which was obtained at room temperature.
Abstract: In this study, the phosphazene chitosan derivative was manufactured and characterized. adsorption of molybdenum (Mo) from solutions using prepared working material as sorbent was examined. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR), Carbon-13 (13CNMR) nuclear magnetic resonance, Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET surface area) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize and confirm the prepared adsorbent. Many variables, including pH of the aqueous solution, the amount of adsorbent dosed, initial concentration of Mo(VI), contact time, and temperature were examined using the batch adsorption technique. When Mo(VI) is exposed to foreign ions, its desorption behavior changes. (Cr6+, Cl−, Co2+, Fe3+, and sulfate) were investigated. Cr6+ had a greater impact on the adsorption process in compared with other foreign ions. The maximum capability for Mo(VI) adsorption on the created adsorbent was 305.07 ± 2.36 mg/g, which was obtained at room temperature. The adsorption isotherms were best fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. The thermodynamic studies found that the adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous process in nature.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a zwitter ionic hydrogel was synthesized having flexible nature, pH sensitive and is tested using rheometer using frequency sweep and flow curve analysis.
Abstract: Abstract With the rapid enhancement in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, medical applications, and water contamination, the demand of hydrogels with varying properties is increasing day by day. Hydrogels with keen properties like pH sensitive, thermosensitive, biocompatibility, visco-elasticity, mechanical rigidity, and resistive to exterior stress are of great interest. In order to attain such properties for above mentioned applications, a zwitter ionic hydrogel was synthesized having flexible nature, pH sensitive and is tested using rheometer. Rheological properties are elucidated using frequency sweep and flow curve analysis. The fluidity index lower than unity indicates the non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior. The lower value of shear thinning makes it a feasible candidate to be used in paints and cosmetics industries like nail polish, lotions etc. Values for consistency index increased with rising temperature and increasing amount of AMPS. The increase in consistency coefficient and yield stress with increasing temperature from 25 to 35 ̊C indicates the strengthing of hydrogels which will facilitates jellification of drug delivery system on skin. Modified Bingham model was found the best fit to our rheological data. The thermodynamic data obtained revealed higher activation energy for ZHG-02 with greater concentration of AMPS than ZHG-01 with lower amount of AMPS. Graphical Abstract
5 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: A review of microwave-assisted breaking of water-in-oil and O/W emulsions for oilfield applications with and without the simultaneous application of demulsifying chemicals can be found in this article .
Abstract: In the Oil Industry, part of the extracted crude oil is commonly found in form of emulsions, mainly as water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in water (O/W), emulsions, and more complex emulsions are less frequent but can also be found, such as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) and oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O). These emulsions must be broken before the starting of the oil refining process because water generates operational problems like increasing crude viscosity, corrosion of equipment, piping and clogging of pumps and equipment, causing unscheduled production stoppages. O/W emulsions, can also be intentionally generated as a strategy to reduce the viscosity of very heavy crudes and facilitate their transport to the storage, and processing center. However, in any case, these emulsions must be broken before the crude is processed. Different technologies employing chemicals, electric fields, membranes, biological techniques, ultrasound and microwaves have been studied to favor the breaking of O/W emulsions. Microwaves have proven to be an excellent alternative to break emulsions quickly, efficiently, and with minimal energy losses. This paper review accounts for the research studies on the microwave-assisted breaking of W/O and O/W emulsions for oilfield applications with and without the simultaneous application of demulsifying chemicals. The possible mechanisms by which microwaves accelerate emulsion breakage, and their advantages for a more sustainable industry are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , the physicalchemical and biological properties of quercetin-loaded olive oil nanoemulsion (QT-NE) were evaluated for skin hyperpigmentation.
Abstract: Hyperpigmentation disorders are characterized by dark spots on the skin. Treatment for hypermelanosis involves the application of tyrosinase inhibitors, chemical peels, or lasers therapy, although they may cause skin irritation and other side effects. Potential natural alternatives for skin hyperpigmentation are quercetin (QT) and olive oil (OL) due to their antioxidant activity and anti-tyrosinase property. However, QT usage drawback is its low water solubility and high chemical instability that may be overcome with nanoencapsulation. To understand if QT and OL could be used as alternative to improve hypermelanosis, we evaluated the physical-chemical and biological properties of quercetin-loaded olive oil nanoemulsion (QT-NE). QT-NE was prepared by the high-energy emulsification method and, through the Box-Behnken design, we analyzed different concentrations of OL, surfactant mixture, and the agitation speed in relation to diameter and polydispersity index (PdI). The optimized formulation was characterized in terms of size, PdI, zeta potential, pH, electrical conductivity, stability and encapsulation efficiency. Besides, we evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and in vitro toxicity. The optimized QT-NE showed a size of 183.43 ± 9.53 nm with low PdI (∼0.19), zeta potential of −17.13 ± 0.61 mV, pH around 7, conductivity of 163.96 ± 8.92 µS/cm, and high encapsulation efficiency (∼99%). The QT-NE exhibited high antioxidant activity (∼92%) and inhibited 56% of tyrosinase activity, indicating its potential for free radical scavenging and reducing skin hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, no irritation was observed by HET-CAM. Thus, this nanoemulsion (NE) is a promising alternative for hypermelanosis and could substitute the current treatments.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explore interfacial properties of functional Fe3O4 NPs from their intrinsic natures, namely morphologies and structures, and investigate the demulsification process including diffusion, adsorption and phase separation stages of these NPs.
Abstract: Abstract Functional Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Fe3O4 NP) is one of the most attractive candidates in the demulsification field because of its outstanding recycling ability, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. However, the lack of research on their interfacial properties greatly inhibits further development in the industrial demulsification process. The main aim of this work is to explore interfacial properties of functional Fe3O4 NPs from their intrinsic natures, namely morphologies and structures. Three Fe3O4 NPs with different morphologies, including triangle-shaped Fe3O4 NPs (TF NPs), octahedron-shaped Fe3O4 NPs (OF NPs) and truncated octahedron-shaped Fe3O4 NPs (TOF NPs), were prepared by using the solvothermal reaction. Their demulsification capacities of water-in-cyclohexane (W/C) emulsion were evaluated and the TOF NPs had best performance. The demulsification process including diffusion, adsorption and phase separation stages of these Fe3O4 NPs were investigated in detail by interfacial experiments and mathematical models for explain the demulsification result. The diffusion coefficient was calculated at both the early and late stages of the demulsification process, along with their adsorption energy and the elastic modulus of oil-water interfaces. TOF NPs had the largest diffusion coefficient of 1.777 × 10−6 and 2.443 × 10−6 m2/s at the early and late stages, respectively. The W/C interface adsorption energy of TOF NPs were much lower than that of the others and the elastic modulus of W/C interface reduced by TOF NPs was also more effective than that by the others. Graphical Abstract
TL;DR: In this paper , a banana peel powder (BPP) was used to remove carcinogenic crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution, and the results of the desorption study showed that 91% of the adsorbent was regenerated.
Abstract: In this study, banana peel powder (BPP) was used to remove carcinogenic crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. The BPP adsorbent was characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In batch sorption experiments, the maximum removal of CV was recorded 93% at optimum levels of operating parameters, i.e., pH 7.0, adsorbent dosage 0.1 g, contact time 10 min, initial adsorbate concentration 90 ppm and temperature 20 C o. The kinetics of the adsorption process was found best to follow the pseudo first order model with high value of R2 (0.9999) and low values of error functions. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit with high R2 (0.9552) low values of error models. The plots of Freundlich and D-R isotherms confirmed the feasibility (n = 1.3109 L g−1) and the physisorption nature (Es= 0.1107 kJ mol−1) of the process respectively. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔG & ΔH) revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature respectively. The results of the desorption study showed that 91% of the adsorbent was regenerated. The novelty of the present research is that no work has been reported till date to remove crystal violet dye by using banana peel specifically. The high adsorption and desorption efficiencies (>90%) suggest that BPP possesses characteristics to be used as an effective, fast and low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of CV dye from industrial effluents. HIGHLIGHTSAdsorption technique was employed to remove crystal violet dye by using banana peel powder.The hydroxyl (OH−) & carboxylate (OH−) groups on adsorbent surface provided excellent binding with adsorbate molecules.Equilibrium attainment in 10 min at neutral pH.93% adsorption and 91% desorption.
TL;DR: In this paper , microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as stabilizer without any other treatment to fabricate Pickering emulsion, which was produced by high pressure homogenization and characterized in terms of physicochemical parameters.
Abstract: A massive amount of tea waste was generated in tea processing. In order to fully utilize tea waste, tea waste microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as stabilizer without any other treatment to fabricate Pickering emulsion. Emulsion was produced by high pressure homogenization and characterized in terms of physicochemical parameters, morphologies and stabilities. High MCC concentration, high pH, low oil-water ratio and low ionic strength were benefited for emulsion stability. Pickering emulsions stabilized by MCC were stable for 42 days with the MCC concentration of 1.00% and 2.00%, oil-water ratio of 1:9, pH of 7.0 and ionic strength of 0 mM. Encapsulation in Pickering emulsion stabilized by MCC enhanced the stability of lycopene against photodegradation and thermal degradation, and high concentration of MCC promoted protection. Lycopene loaded in Pickering emulsion showed high stability and bioaccessibility during simulated digestion in vitro. Tea waste MCC could be used to prepare low fat and low salt Pickering emulsions, and provided perspective on high value-added utilization of tea waste.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors corroborated the immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on various solid supports such as activated carbon (AC), zeolite (Z), and ceramics (CCTO) materials.
Abstract: The post-reaction separation in heterogeneous catalysis always remained a point of concern for nanoparticle application in an aqueous medium. This study corroborates the immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on various solid supports such as activated carbon (AC), zeolite (Z), and ceramics (CCTO) materials. Economically viable and facile impregnation methods were employed to obtain a high mass yield (up to 95%) of immobilized TiO2 NPs. The characterizations of tailored materials were performed by using XRD, BET, UV-Vis DRS, SEM, and pH of the point of zero charges (pHpzc) analyses. The immobilization of TiO2 NPs significantly altered the physicochemical properties and ultimately enhanced the photocatalytic activities under ordinary compact fluorescent light (CFL). To investigate the photocatalytic performance of immobilized materials, model dyes e.g., Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB) were considered in addition to the heavy metal ions i.e., Cd2+. The immobilization of TiO2 on solid supports revealed better performance for all tshree systems; whereby the AC@TiO2 exhibited higher efficiency as compared to the counterparts i.e., Z@TiO2 and CCTO@TiO2. In binary solutions (MB:Cd2+ and MO:Cd2+), the synergistic effect of the photo-generated positive hole scavenger (MB) and electron trapper (Cd2+) further enhances the removal efficiencies. The regeneration studies showed similar performance as that of the fresh samples, whereby the photocatalytic efficiencies were found to decrease for the consecutive cycles.
TL;DR: In this paper , a strategy to improve the storage stability of W1/O/W2 double emulsions with the combination of the gelled internal aqueous phase, crystallized lipid phase, and gelled external annealing phase was reported.
Abstract: This work reported a strategy to improve the storage stability of W1/O/W2 double emulsions with the combination of the gelled internal aqueous phase, crystallized lipid phase, and gelled external aqueous phase. The composite of κ-carrageenan and locust bean gum (κ-C/LBG) was a suitable gelling agent of the internal aqueous phase. Crystallized oils were formed by the addition of solid lipid (glycerol monostearate, GMS) into the oil phase. The double emulsions fortified by gelled inner droplets were filled in Ca-alginate hydrogel beads. The results demonstrated that GMS formed crystalline layers at the oil-water interface, and its concentration significantly affected the morphology and droplet size of double emulsions. The total polymer concentration of κ-C/LBG had an effect on the droplet size and entrapment efficiency of double emulsions. Furthermore, thermal stability study (2–21 days) and long-term storage stability study (24 weeks) showed that the gelation of the internal aqueous phase with a low concentration of 0.5 wt% κ-C/LBG appreciable increased the retention efficiency of the encapsulated double emulsions compared with the system of the non-gelled internal aqueous phase, which might provide a useful method to promote the production of double emulsions.
TL;DR: In this article , the g-C3N4 (GCN) adsorbent with two different morphologies, coral (CGCN), and nano fiber (GCNNF), was synthesized and recruited for extraction and preconcentration of lead and copper metal ions by effervescent salt-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction procedure.
Abstract: The g-C3N4 (GCN) adsorbent with two different morphologies, coral (CGCN) and nano fiber (GCNNF), was synthesized and recruited for extraction and preconcentration of lead and copper metal ions by effervescent salt-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction procedure. The structures of the two adsorbents were affirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency were carefully studied and the optimum values of the parameters for both adsorbents were pH 6.5, adsorbent dosage 8 mg, desorption time 3 min, and the elution solvent 300 μL of 2 mol L−1 of HNO3. The detection limits of Pb(II (and Cu(II) ions for CGCN were 0.9 and 0.3 μgL−1 and for GCNNF were 1.56 and 0.7 μgL−1, respectively. The percent relative standard deviations were obtained to be 1.32% and 2.23% for CGCN (n = 3) and 1.24% and 2.29% for GCNNF (n = 3), respectively for the lead and copper metal ions. In addition, the adsorbents could be used up to 7 times without an imperative reduction in the percentages of analytes recovery. Finally, the performance of CGCN and GCNNF were used for preconcentrate of lead and copper ions in honey, canned fish, and human hair samples.
TL;DR: In this paper , a stable formulation of a water-in-oil (w/o) roselle extract nanoemulsion was proposed by combining low temperature inversion and high energy approaches (ultrasonication and ultra-homogenization) for pulmonary delivery.
Abstract: The anthocyanin (ACN)-rich roselle extract has the potential to inhibit lung cancer. However, the compounds demonstrate low bioavailability and stability in biological applications. The present study proposed a stable formulation of a water-in-oil (w/o) roselle extract nanoemulsion by combining low (hot temperature inversion) and high-energy approaches (ultrasonication and ultra-homogenization) for pulmonary delivery. The stable w/o formulation comprised of roselle extract (0.04 w/w%), sodium chloride solution (3.0 w/w%), medium-chain triglyceride (81.9 w/w%), surfactant (Tween 80 and Span 80) (15.0 w/w%), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 6.7 [Tween 80/Span 80 (22.5:77.5)] to yield the stable nanoemulsion.The best nanoemulsion showed an average 298 nm particle size, polydispersity index of 0.6, and zeta potential of −49.0 mV. The emulsions were stable in the centrifuge- and freeze-thaw cycle tests,-alongside the 60-days storage tests at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C. The in-vitro release of the roselle extract at pH 6.5 buffer was 44.7% and 40.7% at pH 7.4 (p > 0.05), with the release patterns following the non-Fickian diffusion. Hence, the present study successfully developed a stable w/o roselle extract nanoemulsion with a relatively moderate release rate of the ACNs, supporting its suitability as a nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery.
TL;DR: In this article , a novel trimeric cationic surfactant (TEC) has been investigated to use as a hydraulic fracturing fluid thickener with thermal stability, which was synthesized with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, erucamidopropyl dimethylamine and hydrochloric acid at 50.0 °C for 7.0 h.
Abstract: A novel trimeric cationic surfactant (TEC) has been investigated to use as a hydraulic fracturing fluid thickener with thermal stability. TEC was synthesized with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, erucamidopropyl dimethylamine and hydrochloric acid at 50.0 °C for 7.0 h. The product was compounded with potassium chloride (KCl) for an optimized formulation to form viscoelastic micelles with high-temperature resistance. The apparent viscosity of 5.0 wt%TEC/1.2 wt%KCl fluid remains 23.1 mPa·s after shearing for 90.0 min at 160.0 °C and 100.0 s−1. Three-dimensional (3 D) networks formed by entangled worm-like micelles (WLMs) were observed by an environmental scanning electron microscope. The TEC/KCl solution has a simple formulation and excellent rheological properties, which enriches the viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fracturing fluid class with high-temperature resistance.
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of various process parameters such as pH of the solution, the concentration of adsorbent, temperature, etc., have also been systematically analyzed in dye removal efficiency.
Abstract: Paper reports the improved adsorption efficiency of Fe-based MOF in the dye removal of Eosin using Cu doping. We used the solvothermal route to synthesize the Cu-Fe-BDC MOF and used multiple techniques for its structural and microstructural characterization including FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and TEM. The effect of various process parameters such as pH of the solution, the concentration of adsorbent, temperature, etc., have also been systematically analyzed in dye removal efficiency. Cu doping is found to enhance the adsorption of Eosin from 3.23 mg/g in Fe-BDC to (46.296 ± 1.389) mg/g in Cu-Fe-BDC MOF. The dye uptake varies with pH and is maximized for pH 6. Enhancement in uptake capacity with increased temperature indicates the endothermic nature of the process. Various adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were used to fit the data of the adsorption process. The data efficiently fitted in the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The adsorption capacity of developed mixed MOF was found higher in column run in comparison to batch capacity. It was successfully regenerated and reused for up to five cycles. Bulk removal of the dye was measured through column operations and the adsorption capacity of developed mixed MOF was found higher in comparison to batch studies. Based on five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, it is established that the prepared MOF is a robust material that can act as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of the dye Eosin.
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of graphene oxide (GO) on copolymer nanocomposites hydrogel structure based on acrylamide (AM) and 2-acryloamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was investigated.
Abstract: Abstract The aim of the present work is to evaluate the influence of graphene oxide (GO) on copolymer nanocomposites hydrogel structure based on acrylamide (AM) and 2-acryloamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the presence of the N, N-methylene-bis-acryl-amide (NMBA) by the free radical copolymerization technique. The influence of poly (AM-co-AMPS)/GO as a rheology modifier along with fluid loss controller on the rheological and mechanical properties of brine cement slurry was also investigated. The characterization results confirmed the synthesis of AM monomer and AMPS and showed their grafting with GO surface. The poly (AM-co-AMPS)/GO hydrogel improved the rheological properties of the cement slurry as compared to conventional cement slurry. Furthermore, free water and fluid loss of cement slurry declined by adding the copolymer nanocomposites hydrogel at elevated temperatures. Moreover, not only the thickening time of cement slurry dropped but also, the compressive strength increased with a rise of nanocomposites hydrogel concentrations. However, the nanocomposite hydrogels showed a great effect on early compressive strength than the final compressive strength. The results of this investigation revealed the excellent performance of crosslinked structure of copolymer nanocomposites hydrogel due to the linking of sulfonated AMPS and AM on the surface of GO nanosheet in the attendance of NMBA. This renders greater stability to the cement slurry against salinity and temperature changing of well formations during cementing operation. Thus, poly (AM-co-AMPS)/GO as a suitable rheology modifier and property enhancer can be applied in oil well cementing. Graphical Abstract
TL;DR: In this article , a comparative assessment of several lipid-based drug delivery systems for combined antioxidant therapy was performed, including microemulsions (MEs) of both types (W/O and O/W) and Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), simultaneously loaded with vitamin C or ascorbyl palmitate and vitamin E.
Abstract: Abstract Antioxidant vitamins have been proven to be highly efficient in treatment of skin impaired by oxidative stress, but challenges regarding stability and skin penetration limit their therapeutic effect. Lipid-based drug delivery systems offer great potential for overcoming these drawbacks. This work aimed to identify the most promising system for combined antioxidant therapy. A comparative assessment of several systems, containing the same ingredients but differing in their microstructure, was therefore performed. Namely, microemulsions (MEs) of both types (W/O and O/W) and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), simultaneously loaded with vitamin C or ascorbyl palmitate and vitamin E, were assessed. Stability, antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), and release (Franz diffusion cells) of the vitamins incorporated was examined. The results obtained were supported with the systems’ thermal and rheological (rotational and oscillatory tests) evaluation. In addition, biological acceptability (MTS assay) of the systems studied was investigated. The findings demonstrate that the microstructure of MEs and LLCs studied has a decisive impact on the stability, antioxidant activity, and release of the vitamins incorporated. The highest stability was preserved in LLCs for both pairings, with vitamins C and E being a more stable combination. LLCs also provided suitable vitamins’ antioxidant activity and release characteristics. In addition, the system exhibited preferable rheological features for dermal administration. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies on a keratinocyte cell line demonstrated the highest biocompatibility for LCCs with the cell proliferation being greater than 85%. In conclusion, LLCs were confirmed as the most favorable lipid-based drug delivery system for combined antioxidant treatment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
TL;DR: In this article , a redox responsive water-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by negatively charged SiO2 nanoparticles hydrophobized with a trace amount of cationic surfactant 3-pyridyl-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline (PFP) was reported.
Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we report a novel redox responsive water-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by negatively charged SiO2 nanoparticles hydrophobized with a trace amount of cationic surfactant 3-pyridyl-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline (PFP), in which ferrocene serves as a redox-sensitive group. The stability of Pickering emulsion can be modulated by adding oxidant and reducing agent alternatively, which leads to the change of amphiphilicity of SiO2 nanoparticles because of the adsorption of PF+P and desorption of PFP. This destabilization-stabilization behavior can be cycled at least three times, demonstrating that the Pickering emulsion is switchable. At the same time, polyacrylamide@SiO2-PF+P microspheres are prepared using Pickering emulsion as template, which can be used for the detection of Fe3+. Interestingly, when extremely small amounts of microspheres are placed in Fe3+ solution and left overnight, the limit of detection (LOD) decreases significantly because of the synergistic effect of enrichment and fluorescent probe for polyacrylamide and PF+P respectively. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity increased when EDTA was added to the solution containing microspheres and Fe3+, and a decrease of fluorescence intensity was observed when Fe3+ was added again, indicating that the composite microspheres could be reused. This work provides a promising way to construct novel fluorescent probes. Graphical Abstract
TL;DR: In this paper , the particle size distribution and zeta potential of the particles were investigated by ultrasonic attenuation technology and electroacoustic theory, and the influences of particle concentration, base solution and pH value on particle dispersion behavior in suspensions were analyzed.
Abstract: Abstract Concentrated suspensions were prepared from submicron cerium oxide particles, and particle size distribution (PSD) and zeta potential of the particles were researched by ultrasonic attenuation technology and electroacoustic theory. The influences of particle concentration, base solution and pH value on particle dispersion behavior in suspensions were analyzed. It was found that for suspensions with concentration from 10 wt% to 30 wt%, the ceria particles were dispersed most sufficiently in the suspensions with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHP), while for suspensions with concentration 40 wt%, the particles were dispersed most sufficiently in the suspensions with deionized water (DIW) only. On the other hand, the particles agglomerated most remarkably in all suspensions with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and they had the lowest value of zeta potential. It was deduced that higher zeta potential could be helpful for particle dispersion in these concentrated suspensions, while non-DLVO interaction and dispersing process might play important roles too. Graphical Abstract