Showing papers in "Journal of Neurology in 1975"

Histological subtypes and prognostic problems in meningiomas.

Abstract: The incidence of the various histological subtypes of meningiomas was examined in 1238 patients with surgically treated meningiomas, about 80% arising within the cranial cavity. The histological classification used was that of Courville (1950) and Rubinstein (1972), but “angioblastic” meningiomas were segregated into 3 groups: highly vascularized meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, and hemangiopericytomas. Endotheliomatous and transitional forms constituted 85% of the total (71.5% of intracranial tumors), fibroblastic forms 6.6 and 7.5%, respectively, and highly vascularized (endotheliomatous or transitional) meningiomas 5.2% of the intracranial tumors, while true “angioblastic” meningiomas (hemangioblastomas and hemangiopericytomas) amounted to 2.8% of the total (3.1% of the intracranial tumors). 1.2% were “atypical” (so-called malignant) meningiomas; true meningeal sarcomas were excluded.

The significance of perivascular infiltrations in multiple sclerosis

Abstract: 143 autopsy cases of multiple sclerosis (19 acute and 124 chronic cases) were analysed histologically for the extent of active demyelination and the degree of infiltration within and outside the demyelinating lesions and in the leptomeninges. The results were compared with the duration of the illness. Infiltrations were found in 60% of all cases but more often (74%) in those with active demyelination. Inflammatory lesions outside demyelinating foci were observed in 27% of the total, and in 80% of them active demyelination was present. Inflammatory lesions in the meninges were present in 41% of the total and in 80% of these were accompanied by active demyelination. The duration of illness correlated with decreasing severity of active demyelination and of perivascular infiltration. Patients treated with cortico-steroids and/or immunosuppressive substances showed no or only moderate inflammatory lesions. The duration of illness in both these groups was significantly longer than the average of untreated patients. The significance of these pathological findings for the CSF cytology in multiple sclerosis is discussed.

A revised boron-neutron capture therapy for malignant brain tumors. II. Interim clinical result with the patients excluding previous treatments.

Abstract: Fifteen brain tumor patients were treated with slow neutron. It proved to extend life span of terminal glioblastoma patients irresponsive to Co-60, to 2 years, but quality of survival is poor due to complications of previous treatments. Two glioblastoma patients excluding other treatments, the only genuine Boron-neutron capture therapy cases, have been living for 39 + and 34 + months working full-scale without neurological deficit.

Thrombosis and intracranial tumors.

Abstract: 334 necropsy reports of intracranial neoplasm from an autopsy material over 13 years were reviewed to study the relationship of intracranial tumors to vascular thrombosis. The incidence of venous thrombosis in intracranial tumors was found to be 27.5% while that of a control group without malignancies taken at random from the autopsy material was 17%. The difference gives a statistical significance of P less than or equal to 0.05. The parameters of sex, surgical intervention, the malignancy and the histological type of the tumor apparently dod not affect thrombus formation to a statistically significant degree. There is increased thrombosis frequency with increasing age. The presence of hemiparesis or hemiparalysis does not affect the incidence of thrombosis. However, it determines to a great degree the lateralization of the thrombus.

Movement-associated cortical potentials with unilateral and bilateral simultaneous hand movement.

Abstract: Cortical potentials associated with unilateral and bilateral simultaneous thumb opposition were studied in 9 healthy subjects. The P1 component, “pre-motion positivity”, was recognized in 5 out of 9 subjects on unilateral thumb movement. In all subjects in whom P1 was recognized, P1 was dominant over the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the contracting muscles. On bilateral simultaneous thumb movement, however, P1 was not discerned in any subject. This is compatible with the assumption that P1 is related to an inhibition of imitative movement of the opposite hand (mirror movement). The N2 component had its onset after the start of muscle contraction in most cases, suggesting that N2 might not reflect activation of the corticospinal pathways.

Review of the split brain

Abstract: The corpus callosum, the cerebral commissure that interconnects the left and the right half brain, had been considered an enigma to neurologists and neurosurgeons in the 1940's and 50's. I t was the structure discussed most often when an example was sought to show how little was known about the brain. Even though it is the largest nerve tract in the brain, which in man contains more than two hundred million neurons, it was generally believed it could be sectioned and destroyed and have no apparent consequences for behavior. People continually quipped about the general lack of importance of the forebrain commissures. I t was in this context that the original experiments on the split-brain were carried out in the cat by Ronald Myers and Roger Sperry at the University of Chicago. Myers had successfully developed the technique of spliting the optic chiasm, thereby allowing visual information presented to the right eye to be exclusively projected to the right hemisphere and visual information projected to the left eye to be exclusively presented to the left hemisphere. He had discovered in follow-up behavioral tests that there was, nonetheless, interocular transfer. Therefore the logical structure to next surgically section to see whether one could block interhemispherie transfer of visual information was the corpus callosum. This was done and this study gave birth to the now classic "split-brain" experiments first done on the cat showing that discriminations trained to one side leaves the other half of the brain naive. Later studies carried out in both the monkey and chimpanzee confirmed these findings. Still, however, these results stood in marked contrast to the earlier results of Akelaitis who had studied a series of some 26 patients with the corpus callosum and anterior commissure sectioned in complete or in part for the interhemispherie control of epileptic seizures. In an extensive series of studies he purported to show that sectioning of these structures did not result in any significant neurological or psychological sequela. This point was made and emerged as the dominant view even though there were several contradictory reports in the literature showing disconnection effects as a result of having the callosum sectioned or rendered non-functional by a tumor or the like (see Geschwind, 1965). I t was also generally considered that cutting the callosum did not, in fact, help control epilepsy.

Der diagnostische Wert der F-Wellen.Latenz

Abstract: Bei 44 Gesunden und 30 unselektionierten Diabetikern wurde die Latenz der F-Welle in Abhangigkeit von der Armlange bei Reizung des N. medianus untersucht und mit den Ergebnissen der konventionellen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeitsmessung verglichen. Die Latenz der F-Welle des N. medianus ist nur unter Berucksichtigung der Armlange, zu der sie positiv korreliert ist, diagnostisch relevant. Die Messung der F-Wellen-Latenz erbrachte im Vergleich zur konventionellen NLG-Bestimmung eine klarere Trennung von Normalbereich und pathologischem Bereich. Dies ist darauf zuruckzufuhren, das sich diskrete Leitverzogerungen uber eine ca. 5–6fach langere Wegstrecke, wie dies bei der anti- und orthodromen Impulsleitung uber motorische Nervenfasern fur die F-Welle der Fall ist, deutlicher aufsummieren. — Die aus der F-Wellen-Latenz ermittelten Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten zeigen eine 3–4fach geringere Streuung als die konventionellen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten. Die Methode der F-Wellen-Latenzbestimmung, die nur einen Reizort benotigt, erscheint daher geeignet, beginnende Stadien einer Leitverzogerung motorischer Nervenanteile fruher und eindeutiger zu erfassen als die konventionelle NLG-Bestimmung.

The accessory deep peroneal nerve.

Abstract: The innervation of the right M. extensor digitorum brevis was investigated in 52 subjects with the aid of stimulation electromyography. In 13 cases (25%) a particular branch of the superficial branch of the peroneal nerve, the accessory deep peroneal nerve, could be identified. In 1 case it alone, and in 12 cases, together with the deep peroneal nerve, innervated the M. ext. dig. brevis. The significance of the awareness of this anomalous innervation is pointed out.

Acute parathion poisoning: Myopathic changes in the diaphragm

Abstract: In einem Fall von akuter Parathion-Intoxikation, welcher 9 Tage uberlebte, wurden bei der Autopsie segmentale Nekrosen in der Nahe der motorischen Endplatten in den Zwerchfellmuskelfasern gefunden. Obwohl die nekrotischen Veranderungen nur am Zwerchfell gefunden wurden, fehlte die Cholinesteraseaktivitat auch in allen ubrigen untersuchten Muskelendplatten. Die Nekrose im Endplattenbereich des immer noch beweglichen Zwerchfelles war wahrscheinlich eine Folge der langdauernden Depolarisation mit Veranderungen der postsynaptischen Membran als Ergebnis der hohen Acetylcholinkonzentration.

The metabolism of cyclic-3′-5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in diseased muscle

Abstract: Adenyl cyclase (AC) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) have been studied in muscle from patients affected with muscular and neuromuscular diseases as well as in muscle of rats after experimental denervation. A diminution of AC was observed in Duchenne's dystrophy, in neurogenic atrophies, in inflammatory forms, in myasthenia and myotonia. PDE was diminished in Duchenne's dystrophy and increased in all other diseases considered. Both enzymes were increased in rat muscle after nerve transection. The possible mechanism underlying the biochemical alterations observed are discussed including unmasking of extra-activity due to changed metabolic environment, tissue destruction and activation of lysosomal activity.

[The clinical picture and a consideration of the neurolinguistic structure (author's transl)].

Abstract: Despite the variability of its behavioral manifestations Wernicke's aphasia is considered to be a unitary syndrome. According to the criteria of intelligibility, phonemic and semantic paraphasias in spontaneous speech, 4 forms of Wernicke's aphasia are differentiated: 1) with predominantly semantic paraphasias, 2) with semantic jargon, 3) with predominantly phonemic paraphasias and 4) with phonemic jargon. A severe deficit in language understanding is common to all 4 forms. In addition to phonemic and semantic paraphasias paragrammatism is an outstanding feature of the language production in Wernicke's aphasia. After a survey of views about the localization of the lesion and of earlier descriptive models a neurolinguistic explantation of the characteristic symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia is suggested.

Clinical and electrophysiological observations in patients with myotonic muscle disease and the therapeutic effect of N-propyl-ajmalin.

Abstract: Six patients with congenital myotonia and 4 patients with myotonic dystrophy have been examined clinically before and after the administration of N-propyl-ajmalin, an alkaloid frequently used as a cardiac antiarrhythmic drug. All patients but one reported a good to moderate improvement of their myotonic muscle stiffness. This was verified by measuring the time the patients needed to ascend a flight of stairs and by recording the speed of opening the hand. The amplitude of the compound muscle action potential decreased during repetitive nerve stimulation in myotonic patients. This decrease was not influenced by N-propyl-ajmalin. It seems to be due to the increased after-depolarization observed in myotonic fibres which causes partial inactivation of the Na-carrying system. From one patient a muscle biopsy was taken and intracellular potentials were measured with a microelectrode. Almost all muscle cells investigated showed myotonic activity which was completely abolished by addition of 10−5 g/ml N-propyl-ajmalin to the bathing fluid. The development and duration of “warm-up” is illustrated and a possible electrophysiological basis is discussed.

The relationship between target, targetoid, and targetoid/core fibers in severe neurogenic muscular atrophy.

Abstract: In the m. tibialis anterior of a 68-year-old man with rapidly developing denervation atrophy in the legs since 1/2 year prior to death from heart stroke, abundant unifocal concentric fiber changes, such as target, targetoid/core, and targetoid fibers could be observed. Besides, large vacuolized fibers with multiple changes resembling cytoplasmic bodies in the peripheral zone were present as well; they are interpreted as fibers with multicentric target or targetoid formations. The target fibers displayed a broad variation of their outer appearance suggesting a continuous transition to targetoid/core fibers (with a dense center) and targetoid fibers (with a central change to aquous sarcoplasm showing a paucity of fibrillar structures). Very few fibers with a central densification of fibrillar material with or without a thin intermediate zone were fairly akin to core fibers of central core disease; others were more alike the type of targetoid fibers, previously described in the literature, showing a dense target-like center; both were summarized under the term, inaugurated by Engel et al. (1966), “targetoid/core fibers”. Simultaneous occurence of the different kinds of concentric fiber changes suggested a strong relation between all of them in the sense of representing different developmental stages of the same pathogenetic process. Thus, the central core disease, for instance, might be a disorder with a generalization of concentric fiber changes having come to arrest in the earliest stage of development.

Syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle: A peripheral neurological condition causing abdominal diagnostic problems.

Abstract: Four cases of a painful abdominal syndrome are presented, the pain occurring in the distribution of the medial cutaneous branch of the 7th--12th intercostal nerves. The diagnosis presents difficulties because of severe abdominal pain. In 2 cases the clinical observations were corroborated by EMG findings. The symptoms, physical manifestations, mode of development and therapy are described. The term proposed for the condition is: Syndrome of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle.

"Epi-" and intramedullary neurilemmoma of the spinal cord with denervation atrophy in the related skeletal muscles.

Abstract: The autopsy of a 68-year-old male who died of cardiac infarction revealed an ep - and intramedullary neurilemmoma of the spinal cord as an associated finding half a year prior to death. The patient had suffered from progressive weakness and sensory disturbances of the lower limbs together with muscular wasting for 6 months. Repeated neurological examinations had led to the diagnosis of an intraspinal space occupation which, however, could not be substantiated by myelography because of its surprisingly small size. The Schwann cell proliferation originated from the adventitia of the epi- and intramedullary vessels of the conus medullaris. The main tumor mass was epi-medullary and extended into the medullary parenchyma via the penetrating vessels forming intramedullary nodules. The special findings in the present case seem to support the hypothesis that intramedullary neurilemmomas originate from the perivascular nerve endings.

Primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. Clinicopathological report of six cases.

Abstract: 6 autopsy cases of primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis are presented as a distinct nosological entity with a variable clinical picture and morphology in 5 males and 1 female. The clinical course from onset of symptoms till death ran for only a few weeks in most cases. 2 infants showed brain tumor symptoms and signs, 2 patients of advanced age presented a polyradiculoneuritic syndrome and 2 young adults had spinal cord compression symptoms and a mixed clinical form. In almost all cases, clinical symptoms and signs were for most of the course confined to one part of the neuraxis. The CSF was distinctly abnormal in all cases, showing elevated protein, depressed glucose and pleocytosis of variable extent. CSF sediment was investigated in 3 cases in all of which malignant tumor cells were found so a diagnosis of malignant meningeal tumor was made during life. Electron microscopy of CSF cells in 1 case confirmed the primitive character of the tumor cells. Complete autopsies revealed absence of any neoplasm outside of the CNS. Gross meningeal involvement was visible in all cases. Histologically, 3 tumor types were distinguished: polymorphic cell sarcoma, an undifferentiated form, and fibrosarcomatosis. Clinical data are analyzed in order to distinguish the condition from other neoplasms or infectious, especially tuberculous meningeal infiltrations. CSF cytology studies are considered the most useful step in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathological features are reviewed with stress on differentiation from malignant lymphomas of the CNS, diffusely spreading medulloblastoma, meningeal melanoblastosis and gliomatosis. The origin of meningeal sarcomatosis cells is briefly discussed. The use of the term “meningeal meningiomatosis” for this condition is deprecated.

The internal auditory artery (embryology, anatomy, angiography, pathology)

Abstract: A review of the literature on the embryology, anatomy and angiography of the internal auditory artery has shown that there may be considerable variation as to the origin and number of internal auditory arteries. The present study, based on serial magnification angiographies of the internal auditory artery, has demonstrated 7 variants of the origin of this artery although in 45.4% of cases the internal auditory artery arose from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. For the diagnosis of pathological processes in the cerebellopontine angle (tumors, sudden deafness, vascular abnormalities) magnification angiography is of special importance. Acoustic neurinomas in particular can be diagnosed early on the basis of vascular dislocations and possible tumor staining. Magnification angiography is the method of choice for the demonstration of vascular malformations. The etiology of sudden deafness can not be determined by angiographic studies alone, due to the fact that the internal auditory artery can show considerable variations as regards length and caliber. Magnification angiography of this region should be carried out in all cases with the clinical picture of a cerebellopontine angle lesion in order to achieve diagnostic clarification.

Agargel electrophoresis of unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract: 98 Liquorproben werden ohne vorherige Konzentrierung elektrophoretisch untersucht. Das Eiweis der Pherogramme wird durch Versilberung dargestellt. Die leicht modifizierte Methode wird beschrieben, und ihre Moglichkeiten und Vorteile werden besprochen.

[Blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in patients with dementia (author's transl)].

Abstract: In einer retrospektiven Studie wurde bei 115 dementen Patienten im Alter von 40 bis 83 Jahren das Verhalten der Durchblutung und des oxydativen Stoffwechsels des Gehirns unter deskriptiv-statistischen und funktionellen Aspekten untersucht und gepruft, ob das Lebensalter einen determinierenden Einflus auf die Hirndurchblutung, die nach Kety u. Schmidt gemessen wurde, den cerebralen Sauerstoff- und Glucoseverbrauch hat.

Multiple sclerosis and parainfluenza 1 virus. History of the isolation of the virus and expression of phenotypic differences between the isolated virus and Sendai virus.

Abstract: 54 cultures were established from brain tissue obtained 2-3 hrs after death from 1 case of multiple sclerosis and 30 cultures from another case. Following fusion with indicator cells in the presence of lysolecithin, a parainfluenza type 1 virus (6/94 virus) was isolated from cultures representing one plaque area in the first case and one plaque area in the second case. A cell line chronically infected with the 6/94 virus has been maintained for more than 100 passages in vitro. A close relationship to the Sendai Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan (HVJ) is indicated from RNA-RNA hybridization and the patterns of electrophoretic mobilities of viral polypeptides. Conversely, differences in optima for growth-requirement temperatures, hemolytic activity and the capability to fuse mammalian cells, distinguishes 6/94 virus and HVJ as distinct phenotypic entities of a closely related genotype.

Depth perception and location of brain lesions.

Abstract: Depth perception was examined in 50 patients with brain lesions and in 16 controls using a polaroid test (Titmus). Error percentage and response time were measured. Intellectually impaired patients performed significantly worse than intellectually normal patients. On the other hand, location of the cerebral lesion (right, left, or generalized) had no significant effect; zero error percentages were observed among intellectually normal patients even with right or left parietal lesions. Intellectually normal patients did not differ from healthy controls.

Movement-associated cortical potentials in unilateral cerebral lesions

Abstract: Movement-associated cortical potentials (MP) associated with thumb-opposition or fist-clenching were studied in 20 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions and in 8 healthy subjects. MP was abnormal in 16 patients. The most frequent abnormality was an attenuation of the N component or readiness potential, recorded on the central region contralateral to the contracting muscle, on the affected hemisphere. The occurrence and severity of MP abnormalities seem to be influenced by an intensity and extension of the lesion, rather than by how much disability is present in the affected limb. There was no significant correlation between the abnormalities of MP and of EEG. The most useful index of MP for comparing two hemispheres was shown to be the amplitude and wave form of the N component or readiness potential contralateral to the contracting muscle.

Levodopa alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (Madopar) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A controlled clinical trial.

Abstract: A combination of levodopa and the extracerebrally acting decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (ratio 4:1) (Madopar®), was compared with levodopa alone in a controlled double-blind clinical multicenter trial on 94 patients with Parkinson's disease. During 4 months of therapy levodopa + benserazide proved superior to levodopa on several accounts. Nausea and vomiting occurred with statistically significant less severity and frequency. Clinical improvement expressed through improvement in Webster rating occurred sooner and was all together greater.

DC potentials of temporal lobe seizures in the monkey.

Abstract: In 8 monkeys, made epileptic by alum or penicillin injection into temporal lobe structures, 40 seizures were studied by both DC cortical potential and subcortical EEG recordings. Eighteen seizures of lateral temporal origin had an abrupt negative DC potential shift of 0.5 to 2.0 mV in and around the focus. The frontal, parietal and occipital cortices did not develop DC potential changes, perhaps due to the limited propagation of the neocortical seizures. Twenty-two seizures of medial temporal origin showed a negative shift of the anterior, inferior or lateral temporal cortex in 85% of seizures. The other 15% had a positive or no shift. In hippocampal seizures, a positive displacement was sometimes seen prior to the main negative shift in the lateral temporal cortex. The remote cortex developed only a minimal positive shift in 30% of the mediotemporal seizures. A marked negative shift in the frontocentral cortex was the first sign of impending generalization, which may result from a series of chain reactions with seizure propagation, involving more and more structures of the brain. Registration of DC potentials in temporal lobe seizures may give insight into the nature of abnormal EEG activities and to some extent into the origin of seizures.

The effect of phenytoin and ethosuximide on primidone metabolism in patients with epilepsy.

Abstract: Little is known about the influence of phenytoin and ethosuximide on primidone. Therefore we studied three groups of patients: 28 receiving primidone alone, 16 on comedication of primidone with phenytoin and 9 on primidone plus ethosuximide. Antiepileptic drug determinations were done with Kupferberg's gas chromatographic method. The results show that the addition of phenytoin—but not ethosuximide—does increase the plasma concentration of phenobarbital derived from primidone but not of primidone itself. The phenobarbital/primidone plasma concentration ratio is with 4.2±0.7 (±S.E.) significantly (P<0.001) higher in patients receiving primidone and phenytoin as compared to those on primidone alone (1.6±0.2) or together with ethosuximide (1.4±0.7). The effect of phenytoin occurs and persists for several days after the steady state plasma concentration of phenytoin has been reached. This effect is probably not due to induction of enzymes hydroxylating primidone but rather to inhibition of the metabolism and/or excretion of phenobarbital. A case of phenobarbital intoxication due to addition of phenytoin to primidone medication is described in detail.

3H-thymidine autoradiography of CSF cells in primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain

Abstract: CSF cells in a case of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain with diffuse subarachnoid spreading were examined by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Immediately after lumbar puncture, the CSF withdrawn was incubated at 37°C for 1 hr with an admixture of 3H-thymidine at a rate of 1 μCi/ml CSF. The cells were collected by centrifugation and the microautoradiographic procedure was performed. The labeling index (L.I.) of the total CSF cells was 10.5%, and when non-neoplastic cells, i.e. polymorphonuclear leukocytes, small lymphocytes, monocytes etc., were excluded, the real L.I. of the tumor cells in the CSF was supposed to be more than 14.4%. Referring to the results of various brain tumors reported in the literature, this belongs at least to the highest labeling group. The high L. I. of the tumor cells in this case was well consistent with the extremely rapid clinical course. It should be stressed that the examination of CSF cells by 3H-thymidine autoradiography in cases of brain tumors could be one of the valuable methods indicating the DNA synthesis of the tumor cells, which is an important parameter of malignancy.

Electrocardiographic studies in female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: The incidence of electrocardiographic features "typical" for the Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) was investigated in 191 carriers: 136 mothers and 55 daughers. The typical PMD pattern was seen in 6.6% of the mothers, and a pattern similar to that observed in PMD in 2.9%. Among daughters of carriers the percentages were 16.4 and 1.8 respectively. The daughters obviously belong to a much lower age bracket (average 13.3 years) and therefore must be followed for the eventual disappearance of the "juvenile" ECG features, which, in this group, may reduce the incidence of the typical PMD electrocardiograms. The need for more thorough clinical appraisal of the myocardium in carriers is emphasized, especially in those with the "typical" PMD electrocardiograms, with the help of hemodynamic investigations.

[Torpid degeneration of the lateral pallidum with Bielschowsky bodies. Light and electronmicroscopic findings (author's transl)].

Abstract: In a 60-year man with a very slowly progressive motor disturbance probably of torsion systonic or choreoathetotic type which started in childhood, we found an isolated degeneration of the exterior pallidum with intraneuronal deposition of Bielschowsky bodies and only slight deficit of neurons. The Bielschowsky bodies show the same structure as corpora amylacea and Lafora bodies. They might also be the result of a cellular disturbance mainly concerning the carbohydrate metabolism. In this case they are localised only in the neurons of the exterior part of the pallidum--in contrast to the organogenitically otherwise deriving (from the nucl. entopeduncularis) intact neurons of the pallidum internum--and they induce, after an excessive accumulation of the metabolites, not till extremely late loss of neurons. This circumstance explains the very torpid progress of this disease.

[Migraine and the vestibular apparatus (author's transl)].

Abstract: 30 Patienten mit einfacher oder ophthalmischer Migrane wurden otoneurologisch untersucht. 13% klagten uber ein Drehgefuhl wahrend der Migraneattacken, 17% uber unsystematischen Schwindel und 6,7% uber Ohrensausen. Bei den ublichen klinischen Gleichgewichtsprufungen ergaben sich keine pathologischen Befunde. Im Elektronystagmogramm zeigten 17% der Migranekranken nur einen pathologischen Spontannystagmus, 33% allein Abnormitaten der calorischen Reaktion und 7% eine Kombination von beidem. Bei der Horprufung wurden keine pathologischen Befunde erhoben.

Transfer factor therapy in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Abstract: Thirtecn patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (S.S.P.E.) at different stages of the disease were admitted for transfer factor treatment. The transfer factor was prepared from non-selected blood bank donors. The activity of the transfer factor was tested in patients with diseases other than S.S.P.E. and was found to be either clinically or immunologically active. Regardless of the number of transfer factor units applied a significant influence on the course of the disease was not appearant. The observed intermittant improvement of 3 patients was considered as spontaneous remission which is known to occur occasionally in S.S.P.E. The humoral and cellular immune response before and after transfer factor therapy did not reveal significant changes which could be correlated with transfer factor therapy.