Showing papers in "Journal of Offender Rehabilitation in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized and integrated the findings of recent studies that evaluate adult academic and vocational education programs for men, contrary to the Martinson Report (1974), w.r.t.
Abstract: This article summarizes and integrates the findings of recent studies that evaluate adult academic and vocational correctional education programs for men. Contrary to the Martinson Report (1974), w...
124Â citations
TL;DR: This article investigated long-term recidivism among a group of federal inmates trained as volunteer prison ministers, who were furloughed to Washington, D.C., for a two-week seminar designed to support their religious faith and develop their potential for religious leadership with fellow inmates.
Abstract: This study investigated long-term recidivism among a group of federal inmates trained as volunteer prison ministers. Inmates were furloughed to Washington, D.C., for a two week seminar designed to support their religious faith and develop their potential for religious leadership with fellow inmates in a program operated by Prison Fellowship Ministries, a volunteer organization which ministers to offenders and ex-offenders, and supported by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Recidivism data for seminar participants (n = 180) were compared to data drawn from a matched control group (n = 185) over an eight to fourteen year follow-up period. Chi-square analysis revealed that the seminar group had a significantly lower rate of recidivism than the control group. Logit analysis was employed to explore the finding of lower rates of recidivism in greater detail. Survival analysis showed that the seminar group maintained a higher survival rate during the study period than the control group. Seminars were most effective...
57Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of race, economic deprivation, urban background, and criminal justice experience on disciplinary incidents for inmates released from a northern state prison system were examined. But they found no significant main effects on incident rates.
Abstract: This article examines the effects of race, economic deprivation, urban background, and criminal justice experience on officially recorded violent and non-violent disciplinary incidents for inmates (n = 2496) released from a northern state prison system. Results of regression analysis indicate that after controlling for important predictor variables, race and prior prison incarceration have no significant main effects on incident rates. Urban background is significantly related to non-violent misconduct only. Economic deprivation is significantly related to nonviolent and violent misconduct. Differential effects by race for prior prison incarceration and employment status are found.
33Â citations
TL;DR: The Wild Mustang Program operated from 1988 to 1992 at a correctional facility in New Mexico as mentioned in this paper and was associated with; reduction of disciplinary reports, particularly for those who simultaneously participated in substance abuse counseling and for violent offenders.
Abstract: The Wild Mustang Program operated from 1988 to 1992 at a correctional facility in New Mexico. Inmate labor operated a horse adoption program. While animal-facilitated therapy is not new to the correctional system, research is limited. We found no other attempt to study a program of this type. This case study includes qualitative and quanitative evidence. Findings suggest that inmate and staff perceptions about the success of the program exceed the statistical evidence. This program was associated with; reduction of disciplinary reports, particularly for those who simultaneously participated in substance abuse counseling and for violent offenders. Evidence is inconclusive regarding recidivism.
32Â citations
TL;DR: RHI residents were involved in disciplinary infractions nearly twice as frequently as NI residents, which has some important implications for resident rehabilitation and prison management.
Abstract: We hypothesized that prison residents with brain injuy would have greater difficulty in following prison rules then residents without brain injury. To test grossly for brain injury, we administered a simple structured interview to 129 felons in the Protective Custody and Segregation Unit of a large Midwestern prison. To assess prison rule-following, we counted the disciplinary tickets accrued per day of stay for 41 "reported head injury" (RHI) and 41 reported "no head injury" (NI) residents. The RHI group averaged .2132 and NI residents .1373 disciplinary tickets per day. A t-test (t = 14.10, p < .001) supported the hypothesis of difference in ticket receipt frequency between the groups. Thus, RHI residents were involved in disciplinary infractions nearly twice as frequently as NI residents. While a simple interview must be used with caution, the results of this study have some important implications for resident rehabilitation and prison management.
28Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of all evaluation studies on rehabilitation programs for offenders, drug abusing and non-drug abusing alike, conducted since 1968, i.e., since the studies reported by Lipton, Martinson and Wilks in The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment: A Survey of Treatment Evaluation Studies (1975).
Abstract: Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) will assemble and annotate all evaluation research studies on rehabilitation programs for offenders, drug abusing and non-drug abusing alike, conducted since 1968, i.e., since the studies reported by Lipton, Martinson and Wilks in The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment: A Survey of Treatment Evaluation Studies (1975). This three-year project also will conduct a comprehensive detailed review of such studies in all levels of criminal justice custody. It will seek out all credible evaluation studies of treatment of offenders from all countries, examine and assemble them to inform policy and practice in the most meaningful way. This will include performing, a variety of analyses including meta-analyses comparing the effect of each treatment on each of the outcome variables and assessing the degree to which a variety of program and client characteristics have effects on outcomes. The original survey, The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment, which...
14Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to determine characteristics associated with successful probation completion among 266 Tennessee felony probationers whose cases had been "closed" due to completion of probation, revocation, absconsion or sentence for a new offense between January 1,1980 and December 3 1,1989.
Abstract: This study is an attempt to determine characteristics associated with successful probation completion among 266 Tennessee felony probationers whose cases had been "closed" due to completion of probation, revocation, absconsion or sentence for a new offense between January 1,1980 and December 3 1,1989. Those who completed their probation terms were termed as successes, while those who were revoked, absconded or sentenced for a new offense were termed as failures. Results indicate that, of the 266 probationers, 184 (69%) completed their probation terms successfully, while 82 (31%) failed. The variables marital status, employment, educational attainment, gender, prior criminal record, level of supervision, and length of supervision were significantly related to probation outcome through Chi-square analysis.
12Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of short-term cognitive behavioral therapy with probationary and incarcerated offenders was examined, showing significant changes on a Buss-Durkee guilt scale for probationary offenders and significant changes in verbal hostility and resentment for incarcerated offenders.
Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of short-term cognitive- behavioral therapy with probationary and incarcerated offenders. University males served as controls. Weekly sessions of two hours were provided over a six-week period. Results showed significant changes on a Buss-Durkee guilt scale for probationary offenders and significant changes in verbal hostility and resentment for incarcerated offenders. Several personality variables were found to be significant predictors of treatment effectiveness within the incarcerated group.
9Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the perceptions of female prison inmates in Nebraska as to how they rank the importance of educational, behavior modification and vocational programs, and list those programs that should be saved from the budget cutting ax.
Abstract: Identifying educational, behavior modification and vocational programs in a women's prison to meet inmates' needs have usually been done by correctional officials. In this time of budgetary constraints and an emphasis on true rehabilitation, this study reports the perceptions of female prison inmates in Nebraska as to how they rank the importance of educational, behavior modification and vocational programs. In conclusion, it lists those programs that should be saved from the budget cutting ax.
7Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of existing pre-trial diversion programs, emphasizing the importance of social work involvement, and discusses the need for systematic design, development, and evaluation of these alternatives to incarceration for drug involved offenders.
Abstract: Drug abuse is a widespread occurrence and a national concern in the United States. During the past decade, the criminal justice system has become overwhelmed with drug related cases that could be resolved through pre-trial diversionary strategies. Such strategies are becoming increasingly popular for alleviating this national concern. At the present time, the criminal justice system appears to be responsible for much of the programming, evaluating, and disseminating of information on these programs. Although these programs are generally administered by criminal justice authorities, the role of social workers is becoming more prevalent. This paper discusses a national review of existing pre-trial diversion programs, emphasizes the importance of social work involvement, and discusses the need for systematic design, development, and evaluation of these alternatives to incarceration for drug involved offenders.
6Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role played by imprisonment in relation to homelessness in particular and to marginal societal participation in general is considered, and an analysis of the impact of current British social policies on the life course is provided, with special focus on young offenders.
Abstract: This article considers the role played by imprisonment in relation to homelessness in particular and to marginal societal participation in general Observations are offered about the concept of the "underclass," and an analysis of the impact of current British social policies on the life course is provided, with special focus on young offenders
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the "optimal" sex offender treatment program based on a review of the empirical literature and on the authors' clinical experience with sex offenders, and they suggest that various aspects of client-centered therapy, transactional analysis, rational emotive therapy, and reality therapy are particularly wellsuited to the counseling of sex offenders.
Abstract: This paper attempts to define the "optimal" sex offender treatment program based on a review of the empirical literature and on the authors' clinical experience with sex offenders. An important first step in any treatment program is the proper assessment of the condition to be treated. Assessment of sex offenders should include the use of the penile plethysmograph and the polygraph, as well as the more traditional methods of psychosocial assessment. These physiological tools are also useful as adjunct treatment tools. It is asserted that restitution therapy be the operating philosophy of any good treatment program, and that various aspects of client-centered therapy, transactional analysis, rational emotive therapy, and reality therapy are particularly well-suited to the counseling of sex offenders. These modalities should be augmented with antiandrogen medication to dampen the offender's libido so that he may concentrate on the rational process of psychotherapy free of distracting sexual urges and images...
TL;DR: This article explored the effects of race and drug of choice on adjustment among male offenders in a minimum security detention center and found that the best adjusted offenders, as measured by counselor ratings on five dimensions of adjustment, were black offenders who identified marijuana as their primary drug choice.
Abstract: This study explored the effects of race and drug of choice on adjustment among male offenders in a minimum security detention center. It was found that the best adjusted offenders, as measured by counselor ratings on five dimensions of adjustment, were black offenders who identified marijuana as their primary drug of choice. The most poorly adjusted offenders were found to be black offenders who identified cocaine as their primary drug of choice.
TL;DR: The TriCounty Area Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Substance Abuse Authority in North Carolina has pioneered the use of group therapy in treating offenders charged with Driving While Impaired as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The TriCounty Area Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Substance Abuse Authority in North Carolina has pioneered the use of group therapy in treating offenders charged with Driving While Impaired. While group therapy had been a part of treatment for repeat DWI offenders since 1983, assessment of disability and the provision of group therapy to first offenders identified as disabled began after July 1, 1986. Therefore, it has been possible to assemble a control group of DWI first offenders referred to the Area Authority from January through June of 1986 and an Experimental Group of offenders referred to the Area Authority from January through June of 1987. Since completing treatment, 24% of the Control Group received subsequent DWI convictions, compared to 11.6% of the Experimental Group. This constitutes a difference of 5 1.6%. A review of biographical information (age, race, sex, marital status, employment status, education attainment) and Department of Motor Vehicles records reveals that offe...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the death penalty itself can serve as an invitation to murder, and they describe each of 20 cases briefly to show the pattern in the murders.
Abstract: Numerous psychiatric reports and newspaper articles depict seemingly bizarre cases of killers who committed their crimes in order to be executed. Each story and article typically presents only one case. This paper describes each of 20 cases briefly to show the pattern in the murders. The conclusion of this paper is that the death penalty itself can serve as an invitation to murder.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the level of moral development and empathy of adult male sex offenders and concluded that adult male offenders and physical assaulters show significantly lower capacities for principled moral thinking than adult males in the normal population.
Abstract: This study examined the level of moral development and empathy of adult male sex offenders. Twenty-one male sex offenders and thirty male physical assaulters were assessed using the Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1972) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980). Results indicate significant differences between group means and norm group means on two dimensions of empathy. It is concluded that adult male sex offenders and adult male physical assaulters show significantly lower capacities for principled moral thinking than adult males in the normal population.
TL;DR: This report considers the deaths of three inmates at the California Medical Facility, Vacaville on July 3, 1991, spotlighting the physical surroundings of their demise.
Abstract: The conditions under which prisoners are housed has long been the subject of scholarly discourse. Rare are opportunities to inquire into situations where the environment can clearly be seen to be a problem of fatal proportions. This report considers the deaths of three inmates at the California Medical Facility, Vacaville on July 3, 1991, spotlighting the physical surroundings of their demise.
TL;DR: A brief review of research literature focusing on criminality among women is provided in this paper, where the areas of causation, demographics, personality characteristics, and treatment of female offenders are covered.
Abstract: This article contains a brief review of research literature focusing on criminality among women. Specifically the areas of causation, demographics, personality characteristics, and treatment of female offenders are covered. Major trends observed include significant differences found between the criminal behavior of men and women as well as society's changing response to it. Also noted is the lack of basic research in many areas related to women and crime. Further research in these areas may allow for better understanding and more effective management and rehabilitation of offenders.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of the QEEG (Quantitative Electroencephalography) in the detection of lies was explored employing a special electrode cap and specialized video recording and audio equipment.
Abstract: The use of the QEEG (Quantitative Electroencephalography) in the detection of lies was explored employing a special electrode cap and specialized video recording and audio equipment. Four subjects were employed in this preliminary research. The methodology resulted in correct classification of 73% of both "true" and "false" events. For four events he results were too ambiguous to make a reliable prediction but none of the events was incorrectly classified. Thus the method offers the ability to decide when it can predict accurately and, when it can, it is 100% accurate if the criteria are met. Fwther research is needed with different subjects and expansion of methodological refinements to further validate this approach.
TL;DR: This article examined self-reported histories of victimization among prosocial and antisocial men and found that prisoners reported a higher mean number of incidents of abuse of all types except verbal than did firefighters.
Abstract: This study examined self-reported histories of victimization among prosocial and antisocial men. The Lifespan Violence Survey Schedule (LVSS), the Novaco Provocation Inventory, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility and Aggression Inventories were administered to a prosocial group (29 firefighters) and an antisocial group (30 incarcerated felons). The LVSS is a measure of perceived victimization across five types of abuse (physical, sexual, coercive, verbal, and neglect). Prisoners reported a higher mean number of incidents of abuse of all types except verbal than did firefighters. Fourteen of the fifteen possible behavioral-abuse correlations were significant when prisoners and firefighters were considered collectively. However, the two groups differed significantly in the pattern of behavioral-abuse correlations.
TL;DR: Incidents involving mental health services in prison facilities that illustrate Catch-22 situations are referred to, in many of which inmates perceive clinicians as people who "come to watch you drown instead of throwing you a rope."
Abstract: In this article. the author refers to incidents involving mental health services in prison facilities that illustrate Catch-22 situations, in many of which inmates perceive clinicians as people who "come to watch you drown instead of throwing you a rope." The author proposes a supplementation of what he calls "administrative clinical" thinking with non-bureaucratic, collaborative efforts to assist inmates.
TL;DR: In this paper, a typological grouping for sexual aggressors involved in "date" or "acquaintance" rape is proposed, which includes two major categories, each with three subtypes: Relational, Hyposocial, and Exploitative.
Abstract: Although taxonomic systems for rapists have been developed to facilitate management, treatment, and disposition decisions, little work has been done to date to delineate a typology for sexual aggressors in dating relationships. The typological grouping for sexual aggressors involved in "date" or "acquaintance" rape proposed in this paper includes two major categories, each with three subtypes. The Primary Sexual Aggressor category includes the subtypes of Relational, Hyposocial, and Exploitative; the second category, Primary Aggressive Aggressors, consists of Assaultive, Explosive, and Diffused subtypes. This classification should assist in the implementation of treatment and prevention programs and lead to a better understanding of the differential effects of sexual aggressor subtypes upon victims. Research is ongoing to validate and refine this typology.