Showing papers in "Journal of Peking University. Health sciences in 2011"

[Geographic distribution and secular trend of menarche in 9-18 year-old Chinese Han girls].

Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics and secular trend of age at menarche (age at menarche, AAM) in Chinese girls aged 9-18. Methods Probit analyses were used to calculate AAMs in various populations of Chinese girls who participated in National Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance in 2005 or 1995. The samples of girls were 92 767 in 2005 and 85 433 in 1995 National Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance, respectively. Results AAM was 12.76 years in Chinese girls aged 9-18 in China. AAMs were 12.60 and 12.92 years for urban and rural girls, respectively. There was a large variation among different geographic areas, and AAM was earlier in girls living in east of China and later in girls living in northwest of China. AAMs of the top 5 municipalities/provinces were Beijing (12.27 years), Shanghai (12.32 years), Sichuan (12.48 years), Fujian (12.50 years) and Tianjin (12.51 years); and the last 5 provinces/autonomous regions were Qinghai (14.09 years), Hubei (13.33 years), Heilongjiang (13.10 years), Ningxia (13.08 years) and Hunan (12.87 years). AAMs were 0.22 and 0.34 years earlier than those of urban and rural girls in 1995. Conclusion The onset of menarche was generally earlier in urban than in rural girls, and the latest in northwest of China. Significant decline trend of age at menarche could be found in Chinese girls, especially in rural areas. The differences of AAMs among urban and rural areas and in various provinces were with a tendency to shrink in 2005 compared with 1995.

[Study on the correlation of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with premature ejaculation in Han Chinese population].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between 5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphism (5-HTTPLR) and the clinical characters of premature ejaculation in Han Chinese population. METHODS By case-control study approach, we set primary premature ejaculation (PPE) group (119 cases), secondary premature ejaculation (SPE) group (60 cases) with IELT < 1 min in more than 90% coitus and normal control group (90 cases) with IELT ≥ 3 min. The gene polymorphism of the 5-HTT was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis in all the cases, and the gene frequency differences among the three groups were evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of the genotype S/S was higher in PPE group than in normal control group(51.3% vs. 37.8%,P<0.01), and the frequency of genetype L/S was lower in PPE group than in normal vontrol group(28.6% vs. 34.4%,P<0.05).The S allele was higher in PPE group than in control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the SPE group and the normal control group. CONCLUSION The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with PPE, which shows that genetics may play an important role in the occurrence of PPE but not of SPE. The etiology of PPE and SPE is different.

Effects of icariin and icariside II on eNOS expression and NOS activity in porcine aorta endothelial cells

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of icariin and icariside II on eNOS expression and NOS activity in endothelial cells and possible mechanisms using EGFR over-expressed porcine aorta endothelial (PAE) cell line. METHODS The EGFR gene was transfected into PAE cells and genetic stable cell line (PAE-EGFR) was selected. 12.5 μmol/L of icariin and of icariside II were used to treat the PAE and PAE-EGFR cells respectively for 48 h, the eNOS expression in each group was observed. EGF was also used to treat the cells to observe the regulatory effects of icariin and icariside II on NOS activity. The regulatory effects of icariin and icariside II on NOS activity were also observed, and sildenafil was used as a control. RESULTS Western blot showed that the basic value of eNOS expression was higher in PAE-EGFR group compared with that in PAE group, both of icariin and icariside II increased the eNOS expression in PAE and PAE-EGFR group (P<0.01), and the value of eNOS expression was higher in PAE-EGFR group than that in PAE group. In the PAE-EGFR cell line, the NOS activity reached (15.37 ± 1.49) u/mg when the concentration of icariside II was 10(-8) mol/L, which was 4.66 u/mg more than that in the PAE cell line. When the concentration reached 10(-7), 10(-6) or 10(-5) mol/L, the change of NOS activity in PAE-EGFR group was greater than that in PAE group (P<0.01). icariin also increased the NOS activity in PAE and PAE-EGFR cells, but the activity was 20% lower compared with icariside II group, however, Sildenafil showed no influence on NOS activity. CONCLUSION Icariin and icariside II may increase the eNOS expression through activating EGF-EGFR pathway in PAE cell, by which endothelial cells function could be regulated and the better effect was noted in icariside II compared to icariin.

[miR-449b and miR-34c on inducing down-regulation of cell cycle-related proteins and cycle arrests in SKOV3-ipl cell, an ovarian cancer cell line].

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of miR-449 and miR-34 on cell growth, cell cycle and target gene expression based on these miRNA different expressions in ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and SKOV3-ipl both with mutation of p53 Methods The expressions of miR-449a/b and miR-34b,c in SKOV3 and SKOV3-ipl were detected by RT-PCR miR-449a,b and miR-34b,c were ectopically expressed by transfection of SKOV3-ipl The cell growth rate was assayed by MTS method The changes of cell cycle were measured by FCM The changes of expression of cell cycle related proteins were detected by Western blot Results Ectopic expression of miR-449b and miR-34c resulted in lowered adhesion activities by 28%-34%, and in cell cycle arrests with increased cell number of 1562% and 1571% in G1 and with decreased cell number of 1596% and 1656% in S Cell cycle related proteins CDK6 and CDC25A were down-regulated The decreases of CDK6 and CDC25A by miR-449b were 39% and 22% respecyively; 49% and 32% by miR-34c respectively The more decreases were seen in co-action by miR-449b and miR-34c with decreases of 69% in CDK6, 86% in CDC25A, and 59% in CyclinA Conclusion miR-449b and miR-34c resulted in cell cycle arrests and down-regulation of CDK6, CDC25A and CyclinA in high malignant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3-ipl

Choice of internal fixation methods for posterior malleolus fracture in both biomechanics and clinical application

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the biomechanical effects and the clinical outcome of different internal fixation methods in treating posterior malleolus fractures. METHODS (1) Biomechaniccal study of 18 pairs of posterior malleolus fracture models was conducted, in which all the cases were divided into 3 groups as I, II and III (n=12), according to different fracture degrees that included specimens with 1/4, 1/3 and 1/2 of articular facets fractured respectively; Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups as group A and group B. Group A was fixed with 2 steel half-thread tensile screws whose diameter was 4.0 mm; and group B was fixed with "T-shaped" steel distal-radius plates and 4 screws. The uploading experiment was carried out by settling the specimen on an experiment machine at its neutral position, and the data were collected and managed. (2) Clinical Applications: 31 cases with closed trimalleolar fractures were treated from 2009.1-2010.12 in our hospital, in which 14 with posterior malleolus fractures ≤ 2 5% of the capital diameter of the tibial plafond were fixed with screws, and 17 with posterior malleolus fractures >25% of the capital diameter of the tibial plafond were fixed with steel plates. Prospective cohort study of these cases were carried out. The outcome was assessed using a Leeds Scoring System. RESULTS The mechanical fixation strengths of the plates for 1/4, 1/3 and 1/2 facets of posterior malleolus fractures were all higher than those of the screw groups [(4.10 ± 0.13) kN vs. (4.6 0 ± 0.27)kN, (3.20 ± 0.12)kN vs. (4.12 ± 0.14)kN and (1.98 ± 0.18)kN vs. (3.72 ± 0.18)kN, respectively, P<0.05]. For the clinical study ,the mean follow-up period was 12 months (6-18 months), all the cases acquired bone union, and the mean time for healing was 10 weeks ( 8-12 weeks). In the evaluation of therapeutic effects, we found that 28 cases were excellent and 3 good, which was 100% satisfying. CONCLUSION If only 1/4 of the posterior articular facet is involved, 2 screws are enough to supply the stability; but for the fractures involve more than 1/4 facet, the plate fixation supplies more stable fixation and is superior to simply screws.

[Psychological resilience features of urban migrant children and rural left-behind children in Sichuan province of China].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of resilience of urban migrant children and rural left-behind children of Chinese farmer workers and to figure out the discrepancy between them. METHODS The samples consisted of 1 391 primary students and middle school students from Chengdu, Guangyuan, Yibin, and Mianyang in Sichuan Province. The revised version of the Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment was used for the measurement of resilience. And ANOVA was performed for data analysis. RESULTS The results of the present study indicated that among all the junior high students, urban migrant children got a significantly lower score of resilience (128.11±21.70) than rural left-behind children (135.61±22.77) and the control group (132.87±23.22), F(0.05 (2, 884))=8.076, P<0.001. And migrant children got lower scores on three external protective factors of resilience-family, school, community as well as on resilience traits than left-behind children and the control group (Family: F(0.05(2, 884))=7.820, P<0.001; School: F(0.05(2, 884))=5.041, P=0.007; Community: F(0.05(2, 884))=9.261, P<0.001; Resilience traits: F(0.05(2, 884))=3.510, P=0.030). No significant difference was noted between left-behind children and control group. Gender difference and grade difference were noted for each group. CONCLUSION The resilience of migrant children was not so good as non-migrant children. Migrant children were enjoying less intimate interpersonal relationship in their schools, their families as well as their community, and they could get less psychological support from the external environment, so that migrant children could not develop some resilience traits to promote the sound development of themselves. Suggestions for intervention were also discussed.

Postoperative delirium is associated with cognitive dysfunction one week after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after coronary artery bypass graft in Chinese population. METHODS One hundred and seven patients who were referred for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Baseline and perioperative variables as well as occurrence of postoperative complications were recorded. POD was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit twice daily during the first seven postoperative days. A neuropsychological test battery that included 7 tests with 9 subscales was administered at baseline and on the seventh day after surgery. POCD was defined using the same definition that was used in the ISPOCD1 study. RESULTS The incidence of POD was 47.7% (51/107) while that of POCD was 55.3% (57/103). Multivariate Logistic regression analyses identified four independent risk factors of POD, i.e., increasing age (OR 1.174, 95% CI 1.085-1.269, P<0.001), preoperative history of diabetes mellitus (OR 4.224, 95% CI 1.543-11.563, P=0.005), occurrence of postoperative complications (OR 3.667, 95% CI 1.152-11.670, P=0.028), and prolonged duration of intensive care unit stay (OR 1.024, 95% CI 1.005-1.044, P=0.016). And two independent risk factors of POCD were identified, i.e., increasing age (OR 1.065, 95% CI 1.001-1.134, P=0.047) and prolonged duration of POD (OR 1.744, 95% CI 1.173-2.593, P=0.006). CONCLUSION POD and POCD are common cognitive complications after CABG surgery in Chinese population. Prolonged duration of POD is an independent risk factor of the occurrence of POCD.

[Detection of multiple Ophiocordyceps sinensis mutants in premature stroma of Cordyceps sinensis by MassARRAY SNP MALDI-TOF mass spectrum genotyping].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the mutants of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Os) in the stroma of premature Cordyceps sinensis (Cs) METHODS Used MassARRAY single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) MALDI-TOF mass spectrum genotyping, designed eight SNP extension primers on the basis of the scattered, multiple point mutations of known Os mutants within their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) segments, and examined the Os mutant genotypes relating to the GC-biased Os genotype (gb #AB067721) in premature Cs stroma RESULTS The two AT-biased genotypes and the GC-biased Os were simultaneously detected in premature Cs stroma SNP genotyping also detected at least two other Os genotypes of unknown sequences CONCLUSION Coexistence of the three known Os genotypes indicates the existence of possible transition point mutations within Os genes during germination and early maturation of Cs Simultaneous detection of at least two unknown genotypes coexisting with those known mutants possibly evidences the transversion mutations within Os genes

Functional maxillary reconstruction with free composite fibula flap

Abstract: Maxillary defects resulting from tumor resection or trauma can cause severe functional and cosmetic deformities. Maxillary reconstruction has long been a challenge for oral maxillofacial surgeons. Functional maxillary reconstruction with vascularized composite bone flap and osseointegrated implants is one of the most important improvements in head and neck reconstructive surgery. Since 1999, our research group has performed a comprehensive research on functional maxillary reconstruction with free composite fibula flap. Clinical data of the patients with maxillary reconstruction using free fibula flap were analyzed to describe the indications and principles of perioperative period of this technique. The modified free fibula flexor-hallucis longus myofascial flap was introduced, which could overcome the disadvantages of traditional free composite fibula flap. The donor site morbidity, post-operative speech outcome, mastication function, and quality of life were evaluated objectively. The biomechanical effects of stress distribution on maxilla reconstructed by free fibula composite flap were analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis. These studies demonstrated maxillary defects can be reconstructed successfully using free fibula flaps. This procedure also allows dental implant or conventional denture rehabilitation, which can improve the patient's appearance and oral function and enhance the overall quality of life. The fibula free flap transfer has a high success rate and low perioperative complication rate, making it an ideal choice for maxillary defect reconstruction.

[Mid-term follow-up and analysis of the failure cases of interspinous implants for degenerative lumbar diseases].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess the indications,efficacy and safety of application of interspinous implants for degenerative lumbar diseases by mid-term follow-up and analysis of the failure cases. METHODS In our study, 52 cases of degenerative lumbar diseases treated with interspinous implants From September 2007 to September 2008 were divided into Wallis group (25 cases) and Coflex group (27 cases). The clinical results were assessed by lumbar pain visual analog score (VAS) and lower limber pain VAS, lumbar Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and Prolo functional score; the radiological results including implant positon, segmental lodosis and segment movement degree were assessed by lumbar X ray post-operation compared with pre-operation. For cases of discogenic low back pain, lumbar disc changes were assessed by lumbar MRI 12 months post operation. RESULTS Fifty-two cases had complete follow-up and the average time was 30.4 months. In the final follow up, lumbar pain VAS,lower limber pain VAS,lumbar JOA score and Prolo functional score of Wallis group were (2.5 ± 1.7),(2.7 ± 1.4),(23.4 ± 3.1)and(8.9 ± 1.4), which were better than pre-operation (5.3 ± 3.0),(7.4 ± 2.6),(13.5 ± 4.6)and(4.5 ± 2.6 ),lumbar pain VAS P=0.027, all others P<0.001 ;lumbar pain VAS,lower limber pain VAS,lumbar JOA score and Prolo functional score of Coflex group were (2.6 ± 2.9),(3.8 ± 1.9),(21.2 ± 3.5)and(8.5 ± 1.8),which were better than pre-operation (5.5 ± 3.2),(7.1 ± 2.8), (13.1 ± 4.8)and(4.2 ± 2.5), lumbar pain VAS P=0.036, all others P<0.001;in the final follow up,lower limber pain VAS of Wallis group was (2.7 ± 1.4), which was better than (3.8 ± 1.9) of Coflex group(P=0.039);in the final follow up, Segment lodosis angles of Wallis group was 14.3° ± 3.9°, which was larger than 13.2° ± 3.5° of Coflex group (P=0.028); Segment movement degree of Wallis group was 9.6° ± 2.8°, which was smaller than 12.8°±3.0°of Coflex group (P=0.019).In Coflex group,four cases of lumbar disc herniation relapsed and three cases received second operation. One case with lumbar stenosis suffered from lumbar disc herniation of the same segments and received second revision operation. CONCLUSION Treatments with interspinous implants for the degenerative lumbar diseases are effective, but we should pay attention to the indication and apply them for lumbar disc herniation with caution.

Effect of community periodontal care intervention on periodontal health and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of community periodontal care intervention in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis who participated in community non-communicable diseases management service. Methods The randomized controlled and blinded community trial with a duration of six months was designed to compare effects of "periodontal initial therapy" on group I(22 cases), of "professional mechanical tooth cleaning (PMTC), i.e. coronal scaling" on group II(19 cases)and of "non-clinical therapy" on the control group(25 cases). The clinical periodontal indexes, such as probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), modified bleeding index (mBI), plaque index (PLI) were obtained with a Williams type periodontal probe; Laboratory examinations including glycosylated haemoglobin A1(HbA1C), glucose assay, were conducted. Results The reductions of PD in groups I and II were 0.71 and 0.70 mm, respectively, which was more significant than in control group (0.20 mm); the reductions of AL in groups I, II, and control group were 0.86, 0.57, and 0.03 mm, respectively, which showed significance in all the three groups. The subjects of groups I and II had 0.56% and 1.01% reductions of HbA1C respectively, and the significance was observed in group II. In addition, the improvement of HbA1C values in group II was highly correlated with the decrease in gingivitis (r=0.51, P=0.03). Conclusion The community periodontal care approaches implemented in the community health service centers have significantly improved periodontal health as well as reduced glycemic level, which could be regarded as basic health care strategies for the patients with diabetes.

Detection of the parameters for early atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and periodontitis

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe whether chronic periodontitis (CP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) have synergistic effect on atherosclerosis. METHODS Fifty-nine patients with CP from dental clinic were enrolled in this study. According to the latest definition on MS, Twenty-six patients were diagnosed as MS by physicians. The periodontal status including plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth and attachment loss (AL) as well as missing teeth number were recorded by one periodentist. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and prevalence of atherosclerosis plaque of bilateral carotid common arteries and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) were measured by high-frequency color Doppler. Carotid IMT and FMD were chosen to reflect the early vascular change in atherosclerosis. RESULTS AL in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group [(2.91±1.84) vs. (1.97±1.74) mm, P=0.03],IMT and prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque in carotid common arteries was higher in MS group than that in non-MS group, statistically significant on left side [left: IMT (1.00±0.45) vs. (0.80±0.26) mm, P=0.04, right: IMT (0.87±0.44) vs. (0.78±0.31) mm , P=0.23;left prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque 34.62% vs. 9.09%, P=0.02,right prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque 19.23% vs. 9.09%, P=0.26]. FMD was significantly lower in the MS group than in the control group [(7.67±5.06) vs. (11.82±7.00), P=0.02]. As general condition and CP aggravating (No/mild periodontitis plus non-MS group, Moderate/severe periodontitis plus non-MS group, No/mild periodontitis plus MS group, Moderate/severe periodontitis plus MS group), carotid IMT increasing but not significantly [left: (0.76±0.27) mm, (0.85±0.24) mm, (0.84±0.33) mm, (1.08±0.49) mm correspondingly, P=0.06; right: (0.67±0.18) mm, (0.89± 0.37) mm, (0.78±0.30) mm, (0.92±0.49) mm correspondingly, P=0.08] and FMD decreasing, almost reach the statistical significance [(13.12±6.57)%, (10.43 ±7.43)%, (9.22±5.43)%, (6.98±4.89)% correspondingly, P=0.05]. Multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting factors of gender and smoking, the patient age was significant impact factor on carotid IMT [odds ratio (OR)=0.016, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 to 0.02,P<0.01), after adjusting age, gender, smoking, MS (OR=-3.36, 95%CI-6.61 to-0.10,P=0.04) and severity of CP (OR=-2.67, 95%CI-4.70 to-0.62, P=0.01) were all significant impact factors on FMD. CONCLUSION CP and MS may have synergistic effect on the progression of atherosclerosis.

[A short-term clinical evaluation of periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser for patients with chronic periodontitis: a split-mouth controlled study].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare the short-term clinical effects following non-surgical periodontal treatment with Er:YAG laser or with combination of ultrasonic subgingival scaling and root planing with hand instrument (SRP) for patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS In the study, 17 patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly treated in a split-mouth design with Er:YAG laser (test group) or a combination of ultrasonic subgingival scaling and root planing with hand instrument (control group). The degree of discomfort experienced during the treatment was graded by the patient using visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately after the completion of test and control treatment procedures. The following clinical parameters were recorded by a calibrated and blinded examiner: plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL). RESULTS The mean VAS score of Er:YAG laser treatment [3 (2, 4.5)] was significantly lower than that of control treatment [5 (4, 6), P=0.013]. Both the groups showed significant reduction of PLI, PD, AL and BI values 2 months and 4 months after treatment. For sites with PD≥4 mm at baseline, the sites treated with Er:YAG laser demonstrated mean PD change from (5.6±1.1) mm to (3.6±1.1) mm and to (3.4±1.0) mm at the end of 2 months and 4 months respectively and demonstrated mean AL change from (5.1±1.5) mm to (3.9±1.6) mm and to (3.8±1.7) mm at the end of 2 months and 4 months respectively, meanwhile the BI value showed significant decrease, P=0.000; the sites treated with conventional SRP demonstrated mean PD change from (5.6±1.1) mm to (3.8±1.1) mm and (3.5± 1.0) mm at the end of 2 months and 4 months respectively and demonstrated mean AL change from (4.8±1.6) mm to (3.8±1.6) mm and (3.6±1.8) mm at the end of 2 months and 4 months respectively, and the BI value also showed significant improvement. No statistical difference for all clinical parameters were found between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that non-surgical periodontal therapy with Er:YAG laser is safe and effective, and Er:YAG laser therapy could be used for patients who was sensitive to pain.

[Gender-related differences in pathological characteristics of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: analysis of 597 cases].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess the sex differences in pathologic characteristics of Chinese patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC). METHODS Between January 2004 and December 2010, 597 patients (253 men and 344 women) underwent surgical management at Peking University First Hospital for pathologically proven UUTUC. We reviewed pathological data from these patients, and used univariate analysis to determine sex differences. RESULTS Of the 597 consecutive cases, mean age was 67 years ranging from 20 to 94 years. Univariate analyses showed that female patients had less proportion of large tumor (P=0.017), local advanced tumor (P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.022). No significant sex-related differences were found in the age, tumor grade, and tumor number. CONCLUSION In Chinese UUTUC patients, female patients were more common. Females are less likely to have more advanced pathologic stage than males.

Establishment of a mathematical prediction model to evaluate the probability of malignancy or benign in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical factors affecting the definite pathological diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) with multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and to build the clinical prediction model to estimate the probability of malignancy METHODS A retrospective cohort study in our institution included 371 patients (197 males and 174 females) with definite pathological diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules from Jan 2000 to Sep 2009 (group A) Clinical data included age, gender, course of disease, symptoms, history and quantity of smoking history, history of tumor, family history of tumor, site, diameter, calcification, speculation, border, lobulation, traction of pleural, vascular convergence sign, and cavity The independent predictors of malignancy were estimated with multivariate analysis, then the clinical prediction model was built Other 62 SPN patients (group B) with definite pathological diagnosis in our institute from Oct 2009 to Mar 2010, were used to validate value of this clinical prediction model RESULTS 531% of the nodules were malignant, and 469% were benign in goup A Logistic regression analysis showed that seven clinical characteristics [age of patient (OR: 1073), diameter (OR: 1966), border (OR: 0245), calcification (OR: 0199), spiculation (OR: 2088) and the family history of tumor (OR: 3550)] were independent predictors of malignancy in patients with SPN (P<005) The cut-off value was 0463 The sensitivity in group B was 925%, specificity 818%, positive predictive value 902%, and negative predictive value 857% The area under the ROC curve for our model was 0888±0054 CONCLUSION Age of patient, diameter, border, calcification, spiculation and the family history of tumor are independent predictors of malignancy in patients with SPN Our prediction model is accurate and sufficient to estimate the malignancy of patients with SPN

Relationships between the molecular biomarkers and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis in endometrial carcinoma

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progestin receptor (PR), phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), p53, Ki-67 and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis in endometrial carcinoma. METHODS The data of clinical characteristics, pathological types, histological grades, follow-ups and the expressions of molecular markers detected by immunohistochemistry, and collected from 200 patients with primary endometrial carcinoma, were analyzed. RESULTS (1) In the cases of endometrial carcinoma, the expression rates of ER, PR, PTEN, p53 were 86.5%, 85.5%, 82.1%, and 49.2%, respectively. The expression level of Ki-67 in the tumor tissues was 46.9% ± 24.7%. (2) A negative correlation was observed between the gravidity and the expression of PR (r=-0.191, P=0.007). On the other hand, age and parturition time were in positive correlation with the expression of p53 (r=0.184, P=0.041; r=0.255, P=0.004). (3) The expression rates of ER, PR and p53 in the endometrioid carcinoma exhibited significant differences comparing with other types (P<0.01). (4) A negative correlation was found between the expression of ER and the FIGO staging (r=-0.176, P=0.013). The positive rate of ER in the cases with Stage I was higher than that in cases with Stage II and above (P=0.015). (5) A negative correlation was found between the histological grade and the expressions of ER and PR (r=-0.217, P=0.002; r= -0.317, P=0.000), however, a positive correlation was detected between the grade with the expressions of p53 and Ki-67 (r=0.327, P=0.000; r=0.465, P=0.000). Compared with the grade 3 tumors, the other grades exhibited significant different expression levels of ER, PR, p53, and Ki-67 (P<0.01). (6) A negative correlation was observed between the depth of myometrial invasion and the positive rate of ER (r=-0.142, P=0.047). There were statistically significant different expression rates of ER and PR between the cases whether the cancer invaded the deep myometrium or not (P<0.05). (7) Multivariate survival analysis showed that patients with PR (+) had longer overall survival than those with PR (-) (P=0.011). CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical study of endometrium samples obtained from dilatation and curettage of uterine will be beneficial to the understanding of the clinicopathologic features of the endometrial carcinoma before the operation. The value of estimating the prognosis using the expressions of ER, PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 was negative, except for the expression of PR.

[Detection of serum desmoglein antibody level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring disease activity in patients with pemphigus vulgaris].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease of skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a major subtype of pemphigus, which is histologically characterized by suprabasal acantholysis. The major antigen in PV is desmosomal glycoproteins desmoglein (Dsg) 3. The autoantibodies against Dsg3 cause loss of adhesion between keratinocytes. Some PV patients also have circulating anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with recombinant Dsg3 and Dsg1 are highly sensitive and specific for detecting anti-Dsg3 and anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies in PV patients. To evaluate the role of desmosomal glycoproteins desmoglein (Dsg3) ELISA and Dsg1 ELISA for detecting anti-Dsg3 and anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies in monitoring disease activity in Pemphigus vulgaris patients. METHODS Twenty PV patients with long-term follow-up were included. We tested their serial sera with modified Dsg3 ELISA (MESACUP Desmoglein TEST "Dsg3", Medical & Biological Laboratories Co. LTD.), Dsg1 ELISA(MESACUP Desmoglein TEST "Dsg1", Medical & Biological Laboratories Co. LTD.) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Then we analyzed the correlation between Dsg3 ELISA index values, Dsg1 ELISA index values, IIF titres and disease activity scores (ABSIS) along the time course. RESULTS There were significant correlations between Dsg3 ELISA index values, Dsg1 ELISA index values, IIF titres and disease activity scores (both skin scores and oral scores) (P<0.01) along the time course. Significant differences of Dsg3 ELISA index values, Dsg1 ELISA index values and IIF titres between active time-point group and clinical remission time-point group were also observed (P<0.01). We found that Dsg3 ELISA index values, Dsg1 ELISA index values and IIF titres fluctuated in parallel with disease activity, and ELISA index values were superior to IIF titres. CONCLUSION Dsg3 ELISA index values fluctuating in parallel with disease activity are useful to monitor disease activity, predict flares or relapses and plan the schedules for tapering the drugs.

[Clinical characteristics and follow-up management of 135 children with myasthenia gravis].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the clinical manifestations, classification, therapeutic approaches and follow-up of myasthenia gravis (MG) in children in order to improve its management and prognosis. METHODS Clinical information of 135 children with MG, who were diagnosed between January 1993 to January 2008, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. And prospective following-up of these patients were conducted. RESULTS Among the 135 cases, 59 were males and 76 females, giving the ratio of M/F around 1:1.3. Totally, 115 cases (85.2%) were type I MG (ocular type), of which only 4.2% developed to generalized type during the subsequent clinical course. Type II MG (generalized type)was found in 18 cases (13.4%) and type III MG in two cases(1.5%). The onset age ranged from 5 month to 15 years, with 50.3% before three years and 80.7% before seven years. Upper respiratory tract infection was presented in 26.7% (36/135) of the sick children before the onset of MG. Among the 106 children being followed up, recurrence of the disease identified in 50.9% and the number of relapse ranged from 1 to 9. Altogether, 40.19% (43/106) of the cases were positive for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AchR-Ab) on the initial examination, and the AchR-Ab postitive rate showed no difference among different clinical subtypes and states. However, during the follow-up, 53% (9/17) of the recurrent cases, who were negative at the first onset, turned to be positive, and 37.97% (30/79) were positive for repetitive nerve stimulation in electromyogram test. There were 71 % (45/63) of all the cases showed reduced levels of CD4+ and/or CD3+ and/or CD8+. Thymus proliferation was found in 5.93% (8/135) through CT scan and thymoma in 1.48% (2/135). Steroids and anti-cholinesterase administration were effective in most cases with good prognosis. CONCLUSION Childhood MG, mainly type I, is relatively common in China, with specific characteristics which are different from western patients or adult MG in morbidity, sex distribution, progress, laboratory examination and treatment. The prevalence of myasthenia gravis crisis and mortality rate in MG children is low, and few are accompanied with thymoma. Most MG cases have a satisfied prognosis and few have neuropsychic sequela.

Characteristic analysis of plasma lipid metabolism level in patients with colorectal adenoma

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between serum lipid level and colorectal adenoma. METHODS A review analysis was carried out of the patients who underwent colonoscopy in Peking University Third Hospital from May 2009 to February 2010. Subjects with history of colorectal adenocarcinoma before colorectal surgery or of medication which had influenced the serum lipid level were excluded. Adenoma group included the patients who had colorectal adenoma which was evidenced by pathology. The patients with no adenoma were ascribed to control group. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels of the two groups were analyzed. The relation between serum lipid level and location of colorectal adenoma was also summarized. RESULTS A total of 227 patients were included for final analysis, of whom 124 were in adenoma group (77 males and 47 females; mean age: 56.5±10.7 years )and 103 in control group(53 males and 50 females; mean age: 56.8±13.6 years). Serum triglyceride level in adenoma group [(1.83±1.04) mmol/L] was significantly higher than that of control group[(1.54±0.86) mmol/L(P=0.022)] and HDL-C level in adenoma group[(1.05±0.32) mmol / L] was significantly lower than that of control group [(1.26±0.46) mmol/L(P=0.000)]. In adenoma group, 73 cases were with HDL-C decreased, which was significantly higher than that of control group (44 cases, P=0.015). In addition, higher incidence of proximal colonic adenomas was observed in elevated triglycerides group and low HDL-C group (39.8%, 37.4%), compared with control group (25.5%), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P=0.358). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that dyslipidemia may affect the incidence of colorectal adenoma, particularly hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C levels. In addition, higher triglyceride and lower HDL-C levels seem to be related to higher incidence of proximal colonic adenomas.

[Levels of interlukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and oral lichen planus].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oral lichen planus (OLP) by detecting the level of salivary tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS Subjects were divided into 4 groups: T2DM/OLP group 29 patients, T2DM group 39 patients, OLP group 21 patients, and control group 43 individuals. The salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS (1) The level of salivary IL-6 in patients with T2DM/OLP [(12.30 ± 16.03) ng/L] was significantly higher than those in T2DM [(6.29 ± 5.91) ng/L] and OLP groups [(3.64 ± 4.47) ng/L], P<0.05. The level of salivary IL-6 was significantly lower in OLP group [(3.64 ± 4.47) ng/L] than in control group [(7.91 ± 4.05) ng/L], P<0.001. The level of salivary TNF-α in T2DM group [(8.80 ± 8.41) ng/L] was significantly lower than those in OLP [(14.02 ± 9.65) ng/L] and control groups [(15.02 ± 6.13) ng/L], P<0.05. (2) The level of salivary TNF-α is significantly negative correlated with pH value of saliva in T2DM/OLP group(r=-0.593, P<0.01);The level of salivary TNF-α and IL-6 are significantly positive correlated with waistline in control group(r=0.312,P=0.05).(3) The levels of salivary IL-6 and TNF-α were positively related to OLP clinical type, P<0.05. (4)When OLP played an overlying role on T2DM, the level of TNF-α was weakened and that of IL-6 was strengthened. CONCLUSION When T2DM and OLP are in concurrence,there is a synergistic effect,and the secretion of IL-6 increases markedly; The level of salivary TNF-α is associated with local oral environment.

A comparison of proteomic analysis of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastritis and gastric cancer between areas of high and low incidence of gastric cancer

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To identify the differentially expressed proteins of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in patients with gastritis and gastric cancer from areas of high and low incidence of gastric cancer by 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and to discuss the role of bacterial factor in pathogenesis METHODS Hp in the endoscopic biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis and gastric cancer from areas of high (Xining) and low (Beijing) incidence of gastric cancer, were separated, cultured and saved at -80°C The bacteria were recovered Then the whole-cell protein of the Hp were extracted and characterized by 2-DE The different protein spots were analyzed by PDQuest analysis software and identified by electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS), and searched by the Mascot database RESULTS Nine differentially expressed proteins were identified, and four protein spots were over expressed in the protein maps from gastric cancer in both areas, which were: Urease subunit alpha, chaperone protein dnaK, superoxide dismutase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha; two protein spots were over expressed in the protein maps from gastritis in both areas, which were: Probablethiol peroxidase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase; 60×10(3) chaperonin, and inorganic pyrophosphatase were over expressed only in the protein map from gastric cancer in Xining; S-ribosyl homocysteinelyase was over expressed only in the protein map from gastric cancer in Beijing CONCLUSION There are differences between proteomic analyses of Hp in patients with gastritis and gastric cancer in areas of high and low incidents of gastric cancer, but 2/3 of the protein spots over expressed in the areas are consistent The protein spots over expressed from gastric cancer in the area with high incidence of gastric cancer are more than in the area with low incidence of gastric cancer For the Hp extracted from patients with gastric cancer, the mechanism of gastric cancer may be similar, but the role of the Hp from the area with high incidence of gastric cancer may be stronger

Epidemiology and related factor analysis of visual fatigue in university students of Haidian District of Beijing

Abstract: Objective To analyze and explore the epidemiological characteristicss and related factors for visual fatigue among university students in Haidian District of Beijing. Methods The investigation with questionnaires was conducted in 2 246 undergraduates and postgraduates from four universities in Haidian District by multi-level stratified cluster sampling. Factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were conducted to explore the related factors for visual fatigue. Results Among the university students, the total prevalence rate of visual fatigue was 64.9%, and the prevalence rates of males, females, undergraduates and postgraduates were 65.1%, 64.7%, 58.9% and 75.7%, respectively. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bad living environment conditions, improper computer use and bad health status were significantly associated with increased risk of visual fatigue, the ORs (95% CI) were 1.185 (1.078, 1.302), 1.490 (1.355, 1.640) and 1.323 (1.182, 1.481), respectively; good sleep and mental status, good psycho-social state, and good factors of habits and diets might be protective against visual fatigue, the ORs (95% CI) were 0.691 (0.628, 0.760), 0.793 (0.720, 0.873) and 0.649 (0.587, 0.717), respectively. Conclusion The university students showed higher prevalence rate of visual fatigue. Psychological state, environment, health status, diets and habits were related to the development of visual fatigue. Health education should be strengthened among university students to prevent the adverse effects of visual fatigue on their health.

[All-ceramic resin bonded fixed partial denture made of IPS hot-pressed casting porcelain restore anterior missing teeth: a three years clinical observation].

Abstract: Objective To clinic observation of IPS Empress2 and IPS e.max all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures used in one anterior teeth lost in upper jaw or less than two anterior tooth lost in lower jaw. Methods 22 patients, 26 restorations had been made, which included 16 single-retainer all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures and 10 two-retainers all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures. Secondary caries of the abutments, shade in the margin of the retainers and the integrity of the restorations had been observed at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures having been bonded. Results In the 3 years of clinic observation of the anterior all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures, 1 two-retainers restoration lost bond after it had been made for 3 months, a retainer of one two-retainers restoration was broken after 6 months, but they are still used after modified as one-retainer all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures, 1 two-retainers restoration lost bond two year later, It was integrity and re-bonded again that was still stable. No secondary carries and no shade in margin of the retainers had been found. Their color matches with the nature teeth excellently. The success rate was 88.5%. Conclusion IPS Empress 2 and IPS e.max all ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures should be a good selection in one or two teeth lose in anterior jaws.

Distribution of variant alleles association with warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the Han population in China

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate distribution of CYP2C9, CYP3A4, VKORC1 and GGCX gene polymorphisms in the Han population of Guangdong. METHODS The subjects included were 970 Chinese Han patients who received long-term warfarin anticoagulant therapy orally after valve replacement in Guangdong General Hospital between 2000 and 2008. By selecting and analyzing the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci, rs12572351 G>A, rs9332146 G>A, rs4917639 G>T, rs1057910 A>C (CYP2C9*3), rs1934967 G>T, rs1934968 G>A, rs2242480 T>C, rs2246709 G>A, rs9923231 C>T (VKORC1-1639 G>A), rs2359612 G>A (VKORC1*2), rs10871454 C>T, and rs699664 T>C, in 4 genes including CYP2C9, CYP3A4, VKORC1 and GGCX that were possibly correlated with warfarin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics through literature retrieval, the distribution of mutation frequencies of the 12 SNPs loci in Chinese Han population were obtained systematically. SNaPshot technique was used to detect gene SNPs, Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium test was used to test population representativeness. RESULTS The allelic mutation frequency at CYP2C9 gene rs12572351 G>A, rs9332146 G>A, rs4917639 C>A, rs1057910 A>C (*3), rs1934967 G>T and rs1934968 G>A loci was 32.53%, 2.16%, 8.25%, 3.61%, 19.18% and 37.37%, respectively; the allelic mutation frequency at CYP3A4 gene rs2242480 T>C and rs2246709 G>A loci was 29.07% and 40.41%, respectively; the allelic mutation frequency at VKORC1 gene rs9923231 C>T, rs2359612 G>A and rs10871454 C>T SNPs loci was 87.99%, 87.94% and 91.34%, respectively; the allelic mutation frequency at GGCX gene rs699664 T>C locus was 31.86%. CONCLUSION It is of important clinical significance in individualized warfarin therapy to systematically study distribution of mutation frequencies at 12 polymorphisms loci in 4 genes including CYP2C9, CYP3A4 , VKORC1 and GGCX related to warfarin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the Chinese Han population receiving valve replacement.

[A comparative study on blood pressure, obesity, smoking and alcohol drinking behavior in Chinese twins reared apart and together].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the potential feasibility for studies conducted in twins reared apart and together from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to answer the question whether the rearing environment affects chronic disease risk factors. METHODS: The samples were composed of twins from two sub-registries, which included 503 twin pairs in Lishui and 505 twin pairs in Qingdao. RESULTS: There was a big difference in the rates of twins reared apart in different areas (from 0.6% in Qingdao to 5.4% in Lishui). Only nine pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart in Lishui were recruited. The intraclass correlation coefficients for many indices were not significant. Rearing environment might affect diastolic blood pressure and smoking behavior, but it was hard to interpret its impacts in systolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and drinking behavior. CONCLUSION: The design of twins reared apart is a valuable study and can be conducted in the CNTR, but the current sample size is still a big issue which requires the registry to recruit more twins to support it. Language: zh

[Randomized clinical case-control trial for the comparison of docetaxel plus thiotepa versus docetaxel plus capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer].

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel plus thiotepa(TXT/TSPA) and docetaxel plus capecitabine(TXT/CAPE) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods The patients were randomized to give intravenous TXT 35 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus intravenous TSPA 60-65 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 3 weeks, or intravenous TXT 35 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 plus oral CAPE 1 000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks, at least 2 cycles applied. Results TXT/TSPA group (22 patients) and TXT/CAPE group (24 patients) had consistent baseline. Docetaxel thiotepa group (21 cases) and docetaxel combined with capecitabine group (22 cases) were evaluated for their clinical responses, which showed that 2 of the 21 (9.52%) from TXT/TSPA group and 6 of the 22 (27.27%) from TXT/CAPE group had achieved partial remission; 11 of the 21 (52.38%) from TXT/TSPA group versus 7 of the 22 (31.82%) from TXT/CAPE group for stable diseases; 8 of the 21 (38.10%) from TXT/TSPA group versus and 9 of the 22 (40.91%) from TXT/CAPE group for progressive diseases, respectively. The disease control rate was 61.90% (13/21) and 59.09% (13/22) for TXT/TSPA and TXT/CAPE groups, the median progression-free survival(PFS) was 7.9 months [95% confidence interval(CI) 0.77 to 15.03] from TXT/TSPA group versus 8.3 months (95% CI 4.01 to 11.79) from TXT/CAPE group. One year survival rate was 88.20% for TXT/TSPA versus 81.00% for TXT/CAPE group, respectively. P values all exceeded 0.05, and the two groups showed no difference. No chemotherapy-related deaths occurred. Myelosuppression was the major side effect. The adverse events of grades 3 to 4 respectively occurred in TXT/TSPA and TXT/CAPE groups:leucocytopenia was 45.45% vs. 26.09%; neutropenia 45.45% vs. 21.74%; thrombocytopenia 9.09% vs. 0%; hand-foot syndrome 0% vs. 13.04%. P values all exceeded 0.05, and the two groups showed no difference. Conclusion Combination of docetaxel and thiotepa in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer has some curative effect and adverse reactions can be tolerated. It can be used as an economical and effective rescue plan.

[Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe dentin morphology in primary and permanent teeth treated by erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser]

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the morphological change of cavities in teeth prepared using the erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser with different parameters. METHODS Ten extracted cavity-free molars were divided into control group and experiment group. The control group included 2 permanent teeth and 2 primary teeth. The experiment group was divided into 3 groups according to the different laser parameters. Group 1 included 2 permanent teeth, while group 2 and group 3 included 2 primary teeth respectively. Cavities were prepared using traditional handpieces in the control group or the Er: YAG laser with different parameters in the experiment group (group 1: Er:YAG laser 20 Hz/200 mJ,group 2: Er:YAG laser 10 Hz/300 mJ,group 3: Er:YAG laser 10 Hz/400 mJ) .The samples were made for Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) analysis. RESULTS The dentin surface of cavities using Er:YAG laser showed no formation of smear layer and open dentinal tubules. Dentin melting was not detected after preparation of groups 1 and 2. There were cracks and micro-fissures in the dentin surface of the primary teeth prepared using Er:YAG laser 10 Hz/400 mJ. CONCLUSION Appropriate Er:YAG laser parameters(groups1 and 2) were effective and safe for ablation of hard tissue of primary and permanent teeth. The high power Er: YAG laser 10 Hz/400 mJ would damage the dentin surface when used in primary teeth.

Effect of flurbiprofen combined different concentrations of ropivacaine local infiltration on postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy using intravenous flurbiprofen combined with different concentrations of ropivacaine incision infiltration. METHODS Eighty patients who underwent traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy received standard general anesthesia. At the end of surgery, patients were randomly divided into four groups: group Con (control group: no analgesics was administered, n=20); group F (flurbiprofen group: 100 mg of flurbiprofen was given intravenously with no incision infiltration, n=20); group FR(0.25) (100 mg of flurbiprofen was given intravenously, combined with 0.25% ropivacaine incision infiltration, 2 mL per incision, 6 mL in total, n=20) and group FR(0.5) (100 mg of flurbiprofen was given intravenously, combined with 0.5% ropivacaine incision infiltration, 2 mL per incision, 6 mL in total, n=20). The intensity of postoperative pain was evaluated using numeric rating scale (NRS) in a double-blinded manner. Intramuscularly 50 mg of meperidin was administered as rescue medication when NRS was above 4. The NRS and the associated side effects were observed and recorded at the end of 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively (T(0 h)h,T(2 h),T(6 h),T(12 h),T(24 h),and T(48 h)). RESULTS There was no obvious difference among the four groups in respect of gender, age, body weight, baseline blood pressure, heart rate(HR), and total doses of sufentanil and remifentanil during operation and surgical time(P>0.05).There were significant differences among group FR(0.25)(2.34 ± 0.89,3.01 ± 1.27,2.79 ± 0.94), group FR(0.5)(2.42 ± 0.79, 2.69 ± 0.96, 2.03 ± 0.87)and group Con(3.42 ± 1.23, 5.98 ± 1.46, 4.53 ± 0.92)in NRS at T(2 h), T(6 h), and T(12 h)(P<0.05).Systolic blood pressures (SBP) of patients in group FR(0.25) [(114.19 ± .74) mmHg,(108.31 ± 7.62) mmHg) and group FR(0.5) [(115.26 ± 8.95) mmHg,(111.25 ± 9.12) mmHg] were significantly lower than those of patients in group Con [(137.11 ± 8.71) mmHg,(125.16 ± 8.92) mmHg] at T(2 h) and T(6 h)(P<0.05). Compared with group Con [(81.24 ± 6.64) beats/min], heart rate(HR) was also lower in patients of group FR(0.25) [(69.14 ± 5.92) beats/min] and group FR(0.5) [(70.16 ± 5.25) beats/min] at T(6 h)(P<0.05). There was no obvious adverse effect in all the four groups. CONCLUSION Intravenous flurbiprofen combined with ropivacaine infiltration could significantly reduce postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, providing more stable hemodynamics. Compared with 0.25% ropivacaine, 0.5% ropivacaine infiltration combined with intravenous flurbiprofen has better and longer analgesic effects.

[Mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced damage and its protection in cavernous mitochondria of diabetic rats].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of impairment and defense of oxidative stress in cavernous mitochondria of diabetic rats. METHODS Adult male SD rats(n=42)were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10) and experimental group(n=32). The diabetic model rats induced by streptozotocin were randomly divided into diabetes group(n=13) and therapeutic group with reduced glutathione (GSH) treatment(n=12). Eight weeks later, erectile function was assessed by measuring the rise in intracavernous pressure (ICP) of the rats following cavernous nerve eletrostimulation before the rats were sacrificed. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cavernous tissue were detected. The masson staining was used to show the structure of the rat penis. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was detected. RESULTS A significant decrease in ICP was recorded in the diabetic rats [(50.80 ± 9.80)vs.(90.42 ± 7.02) mmHg,P<0.05], with improvement measured in the rats receiving GSH [(74.20 ± 5.69)vs.(50.80 ± 9.80)mmHg, P<0.05]. The levels of MDA increased remarkably [(6.15 ± 1.07)vs.(3.52 ± 0.94)mmol/g protein, P<0.01] and the activities of SOD decreased significantly[(73.34 ± 6.56)vs.(114.22 ± 6.34)U/mg protein, P<0.05)] in cavernous tissue of the diabetes group. Mitochondria transmembrane potential was decreased [(727.98 ± 68.33)vs.(1223.15 ± 222.92),P<0.01]. A remarkable decrease in MDA [(3.90 ± 0.96)vs.(6.15 ± 1.07)mmol/g protein, P<0.05] and increase in SOD[(95.74 ± 4.65)vs.(73.34 ± 6.56)U/mg protein,P<0.05] were observed in GSH treatment group. Meanwhile, the morphology changes of cavernous tissue and the decrease of mitochondria transmembrane potential were inhibited[(930.30 ± 48.36) vs.727.98 ± 68.33),P<0.05], in diabetic rats with GSH treatment. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia could cause oxidative stress in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats and this impairment could contribute to diabetic erectile dysfunction; Oxidant treatment could attenuate oxidative stress by improving the function of mitochondria in cavernous tissue. Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) and our study might provide a new insight into the prevention and treatment of DED.

Different distribution of NMDA receptor subunits in cortex contributes to selective vulnerability of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between different distribution of NMDA receptor subunits and motor neurons selective vulnerability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis METHODS First we investigated whether administration of THA, a glutamate transport inhibitor, in cultured organotypic brain tissue made different damage of motor cortex and piriform cortex Then we testified that selective motor cortex injury was related to disparate distribution of NR2A and NR2B by measuring their protein expression with the method of Western blot In order to make clear different role of NR2A and NR2B in chronic glutamate excitotoxicity of motor neurons injury, we inhibited NR2A and NR2B separately in cultured cortical motor neurons and brain slices to investigate the mortality changes of motor neurons RESULTS The mortality rate of neurons in motor cortex was apparently higher than that of piriform cortex (6450% ± 219% and 3043% ± 475%, P<001) after cultured brain slices were damaged by THA 100 μmol/L for two weeks Western blot results showed that protein expression of NR2B/NR2A ratio in motor cortex was prominently higher than that of piriform cortex (087 ± 009 and 047 ± 009, P<001) In inhibitor protective experiments, NR2B inhibitor showed positive effects The mortality rates of cultured cortical motor neurons in control, glutamate, glutamate + NR2A inhibitor, glutamate + NR2B inhibitor were 685% ± 147%,4748% ± 575%, 4576% ± 809%, 1810% ± 311%, respectively The mortality rates of cultured motor cortex slices in control, THA, THA + NR2A inhibitor, THA + NR2B inhibitor were 1249% ± 209%,100%,11087% ± 1576%, 3513% ± 532%, respectively CONCLUSION NR2A and NR2B subunits play different roles in motor neurons chronic glutamate excitotoxicity Intensive distribution of NR2B subunit in motor cortex makes motor neurons selectively vulnerable to glutamate excitotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis