Showing papers in "Journal of Safety Research in 1993"

TL;DR: Over 80% of the dementia group who experienced a crash event (and who were almost all judged at fault) continued driving for up to 3 years following the event, and during this time over one third of these had at least one more accident.

TL;DR: This paper reviewed factors affecting injury among forestry workers and drew on international literature in general (New Zealand studies in particular) to identify an occupational group at high risk of work-related injury.

TL;DR: Relationships between employee substance use and accidents at work were assessed in a sample of municipal employees in a large southwestern city in the United States and indicated that employees likely to have accidents tended to have dysfunctional personal backgrounds and reported that they were dissatisfied and tense at work.

TL;DR: The major objectives of the program were to determine the dose-response relationship between delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), marijuana's main constituent, and objectively and subjectively measured aspects of real-world driving; and, to determine whether it is possible to correlate driving performance impairment with plasma concentrations of the drug or a metabolite.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had a statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract (relative risk [RR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.46 to 3.20; P P P p P PP P =.07) but not nuclear sclerosis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that changes in behaviors insuring safer practices have questionable correspondence with the introduction of information about farm hazards, and there are numerous social structural and political/economic reasons behind the multitude of farm hazards.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined people's accuracy in judging the risk of common consumer products and found that participants were able to assess relative levels of risk quickly and accurately, but additional time and analysis had no effect on estimation accuracy.

TL;DR: Logistic regression showed that sibling helmet ownership, parental helmet use, and lower parental perceived social barriers to helmet use were independently associated with children's reported helmet use and with parental intent for the child to use a helmet at posttest.

TL;DR: Ballard et al. as discussed by the authors presented a study on the effects of workplace burn injuries on the quality of care at the Northwest Regional Burn Center at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, Washington.

TL;DR: The effects of occupational exposure to nitrous oxide on the fertility of female dental assistants and the number of menstrual cycles without contraception that the women required to become pregnant were investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a multiplicative time-series model is proposed to capture the stochastic fatality pattern based on the long-term nationwide fatality data "before" the speed limit change (January 1975-March 1987).

TL;DR: In this article, the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cataract extraction in women was examined prospectively in a prospective cohort study with 8 years of follow-up and the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) among women who smoked at least 65 pack-years was 1.63(95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.18 to 2.26; Pfor trend,.02).

TL;DR: The value of a user-oriented label design approach facilitated by a technique developed for analyzing existing/prototype labels is illustrated, particularly applicable to labeling guidelines and regulations calling for precautions to be separated from usage instructions.

TL;DR: Self-estimates of PPE skill were better predictors of observed BARS performance than knowledge scores, the amount of formal training, or emergency response experience, and effective performance scores were related to knowledge and experience in PPE use and negatively related to the outward expression of anger.

TL;DR: Neither drunk driving, speeding, fatigue, illness, vehicle, road conditions, or lack of drivers license could explain the much higher risk level among young as compared to middle-aged drivers.

TL;DR: The relationship between drug testing and OSHA recordable accident and illness rates was examined over a 5 year period at 48 Wisconsin business facilities and showed that post-accident drug testing was significantly related to a decrease in accident and illnesses rates compared to the pretesting period and to facilities using only preemployment testing.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed death certificates, workers' compensation files, a Virginia Occupational Safety and Health Administration listing, and medical examiner records for all 50 fatalities (41 accidents) reported during 1979 to 1986.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study of crashes between pedestrians and large trucks, which were fatal to the pedestrians and occurred during 1986-90 in four cities, were studied using Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) data.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present research findings concerning workers' perception and opinion of the occupational health service (OHS) in three different Dutch companies and conclude that workers see clear differences in the tasks and functions of the OHS compared with those of the curative physician.

TL;DR: Yoganandan et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the biodynamics of steering wheel-induced facial trauma due to impacts at the unsupported rim and determined the probability of facial bone fracture secondary to impact at the spoke-rim junction.

TL;DR: The authors used a time-series analysis to measure the impact of tougher, deterrence-based drunk driving legislation in Louisiana and found a statistically significant reduction in nighttime fatal and injury accidents that lasted 36 months after the new law was implemented.

TL;DR: A study of 17 nations indicated that an indirect measure of gun availability (the percentages of suicides and homicides involving a gun) was related to the accidental-death rate from guns.

TL;DR: A search of fatality records for 1984 through 1986 in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data bases identified 102 electrocutions involving portable appliances and tools that used 110 volt AC and 33 deaths involving welding equipment, which usually operates on 220 volt AC or higher as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the use of safety belts reduces the number and seriousness of injuries for cars of all sizes; however, car size may influence the effectiveness of safety-belt use in preventing a serious injury.

TL;DR: The selection, job stress, and job culture models of the association between occupation and smoking quantity were empirically evaluated in a random sample of employed smoking adults in Orange County, California, implying that selection and culture models contribute to smoking behavior.

TL;DR: The study concludes that tractor safety is a high priority for intervention, but that educational programs need to address a wide variety of hazards.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that infants born to women who smoke during pregnancy die earlier with SIDS than infants of nonsmokers and that a doseresponse association exists between maternal smoking and the risk of SIDS, and the plausibility of a biological mechanism is supported.