Showing papers in "Journal of Safety Science and Technology in 2010"

The present statns of overseas mine emergency refuge chamber technology

Abstract: In some countries with a well-developed mining industry such as South Africa、Australia,refuge chamber is an important underground emergency rescue equipment,in which trapped miners are protected when waiting for rescue after mine accidents.Based on sufficient investigation of existing refuge chamber product overseas,detailed expatiation and analysis were preseated to the oxygen supply,noxious gases removal,air conditioning,environmental monitoring,power supply,attaching supplies and technical indexes in refuge chamber,which provide guidance for analysing the status of refuge chamber technology in the world and the development of Chinese coal mine refuge chamber.

Study on emergency response plan system

Abstract: With the rapid developing of societal economy and the rising in pubic emergency,China government has stepped to improve the emergency management system.Emergency response plan system is the core part of the emergency management system.In this paper a series of confusion in practice was reviewed and the lacks and problems in emergency response plan system were identified.Based on system theory,this paper did some analysis were conducted on basic conceptions,and the definition and relationship of element of emergency response plan system were proposed.The basic model and extension method of emergency response plan system were also proposed.Adding on,a methodology of the study and practice on emergency response plan system were presented.The conclusions can offer referenced ideas to researcher and manager.

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of risk in airline safety system

Abstract: Risk assessment to airline company safety system is an effective measure to ensure flight safety operating of an airline company. In this assessment,there are lots of fuzzy factors affecting the safety system of an airline company,so the fuzzy theory was introduced to assess the risk of the airline company safety system. In this paper,an index system of airline company safety system risk assessment was established. A model of airline company safety system risk assessment based on fuzzy comprehensive theory was also set up. An example was given to show the application of the method. The result showed that this method is rational and pragmatic in airline company safety system risk evaluation.

Research on new model of the emergency management phase theory

Abstract: In this paper the development process of emergency management phases was reviewed,and the deficiencies of the prevailing theory of emergency management phases was analyzed. According to the different characteristics of hazard agents,impact acceptors,and emergency management,a new model of emergency management phases was proposed. In this new model,the life cycle of emergency management consisted of five sequential phases:prevention,monitoring,response,recovery and reconstruction; and the mitigation and preparedness were lifted out as two categories of basic activities throughout the whole life cycle of emergency management.

Statistic analysis and countermeasure study on tailings pond accidents in China

Abstract: Based on 43 typical tailings pond accidents since 2001 in China,this paper is aim to study the characteristics and rules of accidents in terms of the link How many the number of tailings pond accidents and death is,etc,as well as suggestion on the countermeasures for the safety management and supervision of tailings pond in China

Application of BP neural network in inherent safety degree evaluation of aviation maintenance personnel

Abstract: Aviation maintenance is the important foundation to aircraft service safety.In order to improve the inherent safety of aviation maintenance system,the exact evaluation of the degree of aviation maintenance personnel is necessary.After the definition of inherent safety human and the nail down of evaluation index for inherent safety degree of aviation maintenance personnel,a BP neural network based on MATLAB was built to evaluate inherent safety degree.In the example analysis,by using the expert mark data of a aviation company as the input data,after normal dealing with input data and defining the expect output,the best nerve cell numbers of connotative layer was confirmed by programming and computation.The optimal structure was applied to do the simulation computation.The simulation results showed that net expect results matched well with the simulation results,which validate the creditability of the BP model.Evaluation of aviation maintenance personnel inherent safety degree based on BP network has preferable applicability and feasibility.

Study on new characteristics and the countermeasures of road transportation accident of hazardous chemicals

Abstract: Statistics about 485 hazardous chemicals accidents by road transportation in January 2008 ～ May 2010 in China was analyzed in this paperIt showed that the hazardous chemicals accidents in road transportation turn up some new features and variations in recent years,related to the cause of accidents,chemicals involved in accidents,the consequence of the accidents and the distribution and the changes in the yearThe results showed that road traffic accident is one of the main causes of hazardous chemicals accidents,rollover is most likely to cause road traffic accidents of hazardous chemicals vehiclesWith the rapid development of China highway,the hazardous chemical transportation accidents caused by pileup shows an upward trend in quantityIn the process of hazardous chemicals road transportation,inflammable liquid accidents has the largest percentage and explosives and toxic substances accident casualties is the most seriousSpring festival instead of summer become the peak seasons of hazardous chemicals transport accidentAt last,some advices on the hazardous chemical safety management and monitoring of road transportation were proposed

Study on Gob detection and visualization of three-dimensional model based on C-ALS

Abstract: The Cavity-Autoscanning Laser System (C-ALS) has the features of automatic scanning,easy operation and simple data processing,and the detection personnel do not need to enter the cavitySo combining the practical engineering geological conditions of a mine in Hebei,the 1# and 2# gob of the mine was detected by C-LASThe shape,size and location of the gob were obtainedThen the data were edited and mapped by its own software,and a three-dimensional model was established to determine the specific location of the gob on CAD map of the mineIt provides reliable theoretical basis for the processing of gob to ensure the safety of workers and equipments

Study on performance-based safety design of chemical facility layout

Abstract: At present,the design of chemical facility layout is always based on kinds of indicated codes,e.g.Criterion of Fireproof Design of Petroleum Chemical Industry(GB50160-2008) and Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention(GB50016-2006).There are many shortcomings in these codes,such as inflexible,lacking of comprehensive safety theory and ambiguous when applying to extra-large scale chemical plant and pilot plant.In this paper,the performance-based design principle was introduced in the chemical facility layout safety design process.With the accident consequence evaluation technology,a performance-based framework was built for the safety design of chemical facility layout,which contained four key components:hazard identification,performance target confirmation,consequence assessment and defending effect evaluation.As the most important component of the framework,performance target confirmation was analyzed in particular.The chemical facility layout design was divided into three different levels,which are separately device layout design,unit layout design and factory siting design.For each level,the accident scenario definition and acceptable facility damage level were analyzed considering the technics relevance between facilities,and a method was proposed through matching accident scenario and acceptable damage level of chemical facility to confirm suitable performance target for each level.

Application of BuildSGEM in simulation of occupant evacuation in a gymnasium

Abstract: The brief principle and application status of the BuildSGEM software were introduced. And then BuildSGEM was applied to simulate and analyze the fire smoke flow in a gymnasium under the setting of conditions,and the required safety egress time was obtained,as an example. Combining with available safety egress time resulted from FDS,and according to the standards of safe evacuation,it was obtained that the existing exits of the gymnasium can meet the requirements of evacuation. The process of application BuildSGEM was described in detail from the setting of conditions to results analysis and coming to a conclusion. And it well illustrates the application methods and characteristics of BuildSGEM,which not only made an analysis of safe evacuation,but also gives some practical information and valuable suggestions for practical engineering.

Application of failure probability of CREAM for judgement and decision-making in the cockpit

Abstract: CREAM emphasizes that the performance output is not the isolated random behavior but depends on working conditions and the environment when human complete tasks in the production activities.And it has the different response behavior by affecting human's cognition control mode and the effect in different cognitive activities.In the cockpit,the performance output of the crew is not only the independent behavior,but also depended on its environment.Therefore,CREAM can combine with the cockpit environment to analysis the crew's cognitive errors.The process of judgement and decision-making in the cockpit by fight crew is a very important part.It includes questioning,debate,identify solutions,implement and feedback.The study intended to analyze the relationship and impact between these five aspects that to clarify the discussion process is a useful way to reduce the human error.The CREAM method was applied to the quantitative analysis in these five aspects.It would obtain the error probability in the judgement and decision-making and complete cognitive behavior of judgement for flight crew.It will provide a method for pilot in the cockpit that can quantify whose cognitive errors.

Current status and development trend of digital emergency plan at home and abroad

Abstract: In this paper the concept,function and development steps of digital emergency plan were summarized. Three development stages of digital emergency plan in China were analyzed,including electronization,visualization and intelligentization. The current status,development trend and three typical cases of digital emergency plan both at home and abroad were analyzed in order to make useful discussions for development of digital emergency plan in our state.

Study on safety production core issue of fireworks and firecrackers

Abstract: The production of fireworks and firecrackers is very dangerous.Fireworks and firecrackers accidents frequently occur and major accidents happen at times.In order to turn the scale and reduce the probability and consequence severity of safety accidents,the Safety Production Core Issue of Fireworks and Firecrackers was studied and the accidents reasons were analyzed according to the production and management of present condition in our country.The security guarantee measurement and proposal were proposed from technology and management standpoint combining the survey experience of "8·16"especial major accident.It maybe provides reference for the safety production and supervision of fireworks and firecrackers.

Study on theory framework of safety management capability in coal mine

Abstract: The safety management capability of coal mine was studied by the method of literature analysis and induction analysis. The following results were obtained that:The essence of safety management capability of coal mine is a kind of accumulating special knowledge,and also is a kind of core skill of firm which is formed during the process of interacting of all kinds of elements when the manager of coal manager control their safety production system. From the view of safety production,the elements of safety management capability of coal mine are "the human,the equipment,the environment,the institute" ,so "human unsafe behavior,the equipment unsafe condition,the environment unsafe condition,the system unsafe condition" become the affecting factors of safety management capability of coal mine because they can affect the elements of coal mine. There are kinds of interaction between elements and affecting factors:the stronger the elements become,the more weakeness the affecting factors will become,which will depress the accidents rate of coal mine; vice versa,the the more weakness the elements become,the stronger the affecting factors will become,which will induce higher accident rate of accidents.

Research on pre-warning technology for accidents risk of major hazards

Abstract: The pre-warning technology for accidents risk of major hazards is a major research focus of accident control technologies.By analyzing advantages and disadvantages of common pre-warning models used in the field of safety production,this paper summarized the development trend of pre-warning models.Then,it puts forward a new pre-warning model based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation technology and dynamic fuzzy neural network technology,and states its building process.At last,this model is applied to LPG vapor cloud explosion accident,a good predictive validity can be gained,and risk can be well predicted in the form of quantization.This model has rapid learning ability and fault-tolerant ability,can deal with multiple risk factors simultaneously,generate fuzzy rules automatically,and meet the real time requirement of early warning system.It can be applied to major hazards monitoring and early-warning systems,provide effective quantitative accident risk for regulators of government and enterprises,and provide advanced theoretical and technological support to prevent major disasters from occurring and to reduce the number of deaths and injuries and direct economic losses.

Recognition of disaster causes—study of the vulnerability

Abstract: By analyzing and comparing the related research findings,an idea that vulnerability is the main cause for most incidents was proposed in this paper. And this idea can help us realizing the essence of every kinds of disaster and guiding the practice. Furthermore,the concept,origin and typology of vulnerability were discussed,then the calculation model and evaluation modes were studied. Lastly,the advice was proposed that vulnerability's identification,evaluation,and control should receive more attention in the emergency preparedness for incidents or disasters.

Application of the improved Bow-tie risk analysis technology in civil airport safety

Abstract: Civil airport has many characteristics,such as complex environment,numerous contractors,complicated accident and so on.In view of the fact that the airport daily operational safety risk analysis must in the situation which can be accomplished well with the aid of multi-method and multi-tool.In this article,a kind of practical risk analysis technology,which is the Bow-tie risk technology,was introduced.Bow-Tie is a risk analysis and risk management tool,through the recognition and the appraisal of risk,the analysis of risk factor,the establishment of risk barrier,adopting the risk control and mitigation,restoring the measure and so on,it can effective prevent the occurrence of accident.This method may provide a visualization appraisal to harm,including its reason,consequence and barrier.The description on it in the civil airfield safety risk's concrete implementation step was presented.Finally,an application example was in civil airport risk analysis given;its feasibility and the practical application was conducted by systemic research."The Bow-tie risk technology"is the system risk analysis and quantification technology.It has collected the fault tree,the event tree and the round onion chart theory unifies and occupies the predominant factor to the organization flaw as well as the human factors.It's proved to own high application value in the civil airport safety risk analysis.

The significance of emergency preparedness highlighted by Yushu earthquake once again

Abstract: For summarizing the experiences and lessons to terrible catastrophe' responses in China,the author applied published articles and analyzed the shortcomings and weak links of emergency preparedness capacity dealing with the cataclysms such as Yushu earthquake.He offered proposals to strengthen national emergency preparedness capacity.

Study on effect of people's cognitive level on evacuation psychology and behavior in building fire

Abstract: In building fire,individual behavior will have great differences due to different factors such as people's individual characteristic,cognitive level,social characteristic,and different dangerous situation,etc. Therefore,in building fire,external environment in emergency situation must be considered fully in people's emergency evacuation policy and plan,meanwhile,people's psychological and behavioral characteristics in such emergency situation as fire must be considered fully. Based on data acquired by many questionnaires and a certain mathematical model,and taking advantage of corresponding statistic and analytic method,the study mainly focuses on effect of such two factors as people's cultural competence and firefighting knowledge and experience on evacuation psychology and behavior. Study result will enrich our database of people's evacuation psychology and behavior reaction,which will provide basic data and direction for building firefighting performance design and people's firefighting training.

Safety situation survey of small civilian explosives repository on the ground in the city

Abstract: According to the state relevant laws and regulations,standards and norms of civilian explosives repository on the ground,the safety situation of 47 small civilian explosives repository on the ground in the city.Through investigation,six issues were found in local small civilian explosives repositoryon the ground,Such as were analyzed lack of internal and external safety distance,structural failure,lightning protection facilities failure,no anti-static grounding for the detonators librar,unsafety display to the civilian explosives,the lack of safety management,and so on.The reasons were briefly analyzed and the measures and proposals for the problems identified were proposed.It provided reference for safety management standardization and normalization of civilian explosives repository on the ground.

Study on establishment about the evaluation index system of campus emergency management capacity through the overall process

Abstract: Campus emergency management capacity through the overall process guarantees the public security of colleges,and it's an important subject for all colleges to build up a scientific and rational system to evaluate the campus emergency management capacityBy referring the current research results at home and abroad in this field,the process of campus emergency management could be divided into prevention and preparation stage,disposing stage and reconstruction stage based on the overall process idea,then campus emergency management capacity should include prevention and preparation capacity,disposing capacity as well as reconstruction capacityThen,an evaluation index system could be built based on itIt includes 3 levels,with 3 indicators in level one,10 indicators in level two and 33 indicators in level threeThis thesis aims to provide significant references for improving campus emergency management capacity

Fatalness assessment of flight safety hidden danger based on support vector machine

Abstract: A method for fatalness assessment of flight safety hidden danger,based on support vector machine(SVM),was proposed.And the corresponding model,which took the basic assessment factors of flight safety hidden danger fatalness as input node and assessment results as output node,was built.Then the safety situation of a regiment of China Air Force was assessed.The results showed that,for fatalness assessment of flight safety hidden danger,SVM has better performance on precision,rapidity and realization in comparison with the traditional neural network.

Study on acceptable level of safety in civil aviation industry of China

Abstract: The Civil Aviation Administration of China proposed a continuous safety concept and is now taking active actions to develop the State Safety Programme according to the requirements of International Civil Aviation Organization in order to complement the historical approach to the management of safety based upon regulatory compliance with a performance-based approach One of the most important work is to set the acceptable level of safety to measure whether the industry meet the objective of continuous improvement of safety According to the guidance of International Civil Aviation Organization on the acceptable level of safety and the accident indicators of air transportation used in other countries,a set of indicators of the acceptable safety level of China civil aviation industry was designed,which included three tiers ie safety measurement indicators,safety performance measurement indicators and safety indexes The target values of the indicators of aviation accident rate and incident rate for the future 10 years were set out This set of indicators and the target values will be the criterion to assess the safety level of China civil aviation industry and will be the reference for the air operators to design their safety performance indicators and set their safety target values

Study on emergency capability assessment of production accidents in Petrochemical enterprise based on extenic theory

Abstract: In petrochemical industries,the smooth running of equipments plays a critical role to ensure the whole production safety.Once these equipments fail,great damages would be leads to the property and workers.In this point of view,the study on seriousness assessment of equipment failure is of great significance.In this paper,based on matter extensible theory,extenics engineering method was applied along with seriousness of equipment failure cases,and thus a comprehensive seriousness assessment model for the petrol equipment failure was established,meanwhile,the assessment steps are also described,and the exact seriousness level was decided.The results show that this method can be applied in multi-level engineering safety assessment,and so provide an effective approach for the risk management in petrol chemical projects.

Crisis-type emergency response and challenges

Abstract: The emergency preparedness and response of the crisis-type emergencies is currently the most cutting-edge science and practical issues. Based on experiences and lessons learned from the major incidents at home and abroad in recent years,the author explains the basic concepts about the crisis-type emergencies,discusses the characteristics and formation conditions of the crisis-type emergencies,and puts forward recommendations on enhancing our emergency preparedness against the crisis-type emergencies according to our country's emergency management practice.

Research on risk control of airport runway accident based on risk defense

Abstract: In risk management procedure,risk identification and risk assessment are foundations,but risk control is the ultimate objective.Only through risk control,risk level can be reduced to the goal level and the complete significance of risk management can be manifested.The people and equipments which runway movement involves are numerous.Runway is easy to occur accident,so it is significant to carry on risk control of runway accident.Based on the analysis of the existing risk control methods,the risk defense of risk control method was proposed.Then,the risk defense system of airport runway accident was constructed.It was pointed out that the thought of risk control regarded the prevention before accident occurring.From the two aspects of engineering research (from the aspect of the concrete accident influencing factors) and organization (from the angle of the airport safety management overall situation),the risk control of runway accident was carried on.Finally,the risk defense technology was researched.From the aspect of risk control,it provided theory basis and instruction for the prevention of runway accident.

Study on multi-level safety evaluation method based on compromise weight

Abstract: To determine the value of weight is an extremely important factor in safety analysis because its accuracy always determine if the analysis results can be up to expectation directly. With respect to such problem as the weight of middle layer and top layer can in no way be worked out by entropy method,and the intention to ensure the rationality of analysis results,the safety analysis method which is based on entropy weight was improved. First,the subjective evaluation views,after that,use the PHA was to obtain the subjective weight of each factor. Second,the objective weight was calculated by information entropy method. Finally,the concept of composite index was introduced,which can help to seek the objective weight in each layer. The research procedure integrated the subjective view in an objective entropy weight by compromising the two kinds of weight. By way of example application verification,the calculated result of the established model conformed basically to the result of fuzzy comprehensive assessment method which is used extensively in the field. As a result,the analysis correctness was ensured. In addition,the problem of weight obtained in the multi-level analysis construction was solved. This model can in fact account for a development idea for safety analysis method of multi-level system.

Reflection of the chinese disaster emergency preparedness system based on the analysis of the "3·28" Wangjialing coal mine flooding accident rescue

Abstract: The "3·28" Wangjialing coal mine flooding accident rescue have reflected some of the typical current Chinese characteristics,such as the senior Chinese leadership attaches great importance to the accident and rescue,strong social mobilization and control abilities,the deep involvement of the media,standardized and effective direct and coordinate,and scientific response supported by experts.By following the occur and rescue process of this coal mine flooding accident,it was suggested that China should also make further efforts to strengthen the whole emergency preparedness process of disaster "prevention,early warning,response and recovery",to further improve the key emergency response capabilities,to enhance emergency preparedness system planning,to establish the continuous improvement mechanisms of emergency preparedness,and to foster a proactive culture of emergency preparedness.

Analysis on work safety status of construction industry

Abstract: Construction industry is of great significance to the economic growth in our country.Though the safety management has been paid more and more attention and some related countermeasures have been taken,construction safety accidents happen frequently and the construction accident rate is just below coat mine industry.So its performance of safety and health has got more attention.The status of construction safety in recent 10 years were analyzed.The results shoued that the amounts of the accident and death are going down.Construction safety is getting better.It indicated that the main weak points are existed in management of government and enterprise and occupational health and safety.Advanced mode of construction safety management in Germany was summarized.Suggestions for improvement in construction safety were brought out as follows:(1)enhance management of government function;(2)take people oriented in deed from government to enterprise;(3)build up safety culture in different levels to help workers to work more safely.

Experimental studies on the index gases of spontaneous of coal

Abstract: Coal mine fire is a common accident,and spontaneous combustion is the major cause of fire.Thermo-gravimetry(TG)and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)technologies were used to study the coal oxidation process.The whole process can be divided in to 5 stages:moisture evaporation stage,oxygen absorption stage,thermal decomposition stage,combustion stage and burnout stage.The oxidation characteristic values of each stage were analyzed in order to find out the oxidation and spontaneous combustion pattern;TG and DSC combined with Gas Chromatography(GC)technologies were used to study the gas production pattern in the whole oxidation process of different coal.According to the study results,carbon monoxide(CO)can be used as the main index gas for the prediction of coal spontaneous combustion in the low temperature stage,and ethene(C2H4)can be used as the subsidiary one.Finally,the pattern of oxygen demand at oxidation process was proposed.