Showing papers in "Journal of Southwest Forestry University in 2010"

Research Advances in Plant Salt-tolerance Mechanism

Abstract: The plants growing normally in the saline soil environment usually possess certain salt-enduring adaptabilityThey may both have special morphological structure and physiological and biochemical approaches to resist or adapt to the salt damageThe research advances related to salt-resistance of plants in recent years were reviewed and the salt-tolerant mechanism of different plant species was analyzed from the morphological,anatomical,physiological and biochemical aspects based on the references

Comparison of spatial interpolation mimic method for the mean annual precipitation in Yunnan Province.

Abstract: The average annual precipitation data of 134 meteorological stations in Yunnan Province between 1993 and 2007 were treated by spatial interpolation with help of Inverse Distance Weighted method,the Ordinary Kriging method,the Anusplin Function method and Regression Model Calculation method,and then the predicted interpolation data and the observed data from the meteorological stations were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that the data obtained by all the four kinds of interpolation methods could basically reflect the spatial distribution features of the average annual precipitation of Yunnan Province.The Inverse Distance Weighted method had the minimum error and the highest interpolation precision.Although there was relatively greater error in the interpolation data,the Regression Model Calculation method could directly reflect the three-dimensional characteristics of the average annual precipitation that varied with the geographical location and the altitude of the meteorological stations.

Preliminary report on north-ward introduction experiment of several mangrove plants along the southern coast of Zhejiang Province.

Abstract: To screen out the introduced mangrove species adaptive to the natural conditions in Wenzhou area,different provenances of mangrove species were experimented with and the annual growth of the experiment plots was investigatedThe results showed that survival rate of Kandelia candel,Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum and Excoecaria agallocha was 77%,73%,70% and 15% respectively,indicating the former 3 species could overwinter safely in the studied areaWhereas all the saplings of Laguncularia racemosa,Bruguiera gymnorhiza,Bruguiera sexangula varrhynchopetala,Rhizophora stylosa,Acanthus ilicifolius and Avicennia marina died in the winterCompared to the values measured in the summer,the increment amplitude of relative conductivity(RC) value of the tested species at 0℃ temperature was in the order that of Laguncularia racemosa Sonneratia apetala Aegiceras corniculatum one-year-old Kandelia candel eight-year-old Kandelia candelThe maximum increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD) value happened to Aegiceras corniculatum whose value measured at 0℃ increased by 105% compared to that of measured in the summerWhile the SOD values of Kandelia candel and Laguncularia racemosa did not change much with the seasonsThe proline(PRO) content in the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa in the winter increased by 2854% compared to the summer value,but there was very little change in this index for Sonneratia apetala and eight-year-old Kandelia candel along the seasonal changeThe comprehensive analyses showed that Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum,Excoecaria agallocha and Kandelia candel could safely survive the winter in the south part of Zhejiang Province,while the adaptability of other mangrove tree species to the studied area should be further experimented

Demonstrative Application of the Close-to-Nature Forest Management Planning System to Forestry Practice

Abstract: The technological system of the close-to-nature forest management planning system(CNFMPS) and its 4 technical elements to be implemented for achieving the forest management goal of multiple purpose and sustainable benefits were introduced on the basis of analyzing a demonstrative application case study conducted in Beijing area.The technique of biotope analyzing and mapping is a basic technique to support spatial identification of geographical management area and classification of the management types of forest land.Designing technique of forest development type serves as a long-term steady target forest designing model based on the spatial management unit,i.e.,"forest management class" characterized with natural and dynamic feature,and the similar management goal.Target tree operation method is a concrete stand operation tool for tending and harvesting operations in a presenting period of time,while the vertical structure oriented lifecycle management plan provides a whole technical description of all operations and measures which should be conducted in a stand from its forestation to final harvest stage.Combining with implementation examples,application aspects of this CNFMPS was analyzed in the paper to be refereed as a new stand operation model aiming to realize the goal of multi-functional forest.

Activity and Fungal Growth Inhibition Assay of β-1,3-Glucanase from Chaetomium globosum Induced by Pathogen Cell Walls

Abstract: The inhibition effect of Chaetomium globosum on four pathogens i.e.,Pyricularia grisea,Fusarium oxysporum,Rhizoctonia solani,and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied by using the fungal growth inhibition assay.The results showed that Chaetomium globosum could inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum and P.grisea more effectively.Chaetomium globosum could produce β-1,3-glucanase under induction with six plant pathogen cell walls,but the enzyme activities were different.The β-1,3-glucanase activity was significantly higher when induced with Rhizoctonia solan,Fusarium oxysporum and Pyricularia grisea cell walls rather than induced with Valsa sordida,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Septoria tritici cell walls.The highest activity obtained was 0.61U after 11 days induction with Pyricularia grisea cell walls,while the activities were respectively much lower under induction with Valsa sordida and Septoria tritici cell walls.All the results showed that Chaetomium globosum could inhibit the growth of some plant pathogens and one of the reasons for this should be that the C.globosum could be induced to produce β-1,3-glucanase which could degrade pathogen cell walls.Therefore,C.globosum can contribute to biocontrol of some fungi pathogens.

Research on construction and evaluation theory of F-PIS.

Abstract: This paper introduced the concept and compositional theory of F-PIS(furniture product identity system),explained the F-PIS construction process from three aspects,and then discussed the feasibility appraisal system of F-PISAll these provided furniture product identity design of the relevant enterprises with theoretical foundation and reference

Pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of two types of biomass materials.

Abstract: The pyrolytic characteristics of bagasse and poplar timber(Populus spp.)at different heating rates(5～50 ℃/min) under N2 atmosphere(20mL/min) were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis(TG).The result showed that the pyrolysis speed of the studied biomasses increased with the increment of the heating rate.The pyrolysis process of bagasse and poplar timber consisted of four stages,i.e.,drying from dehydration,pre-pyrolysis,fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis of the residues.The weight loss of bagasse and poplar timber at the fast pyrolysis stage was about 80 w % and 85 w %,respectively.The pyrolysis process could be described by first-order global model for both biomass materials.With the method of Coasts-Redfern,the average activation energy of bagasse and poplar timber at low temperature pyrolysis stage was 40.84 kJ/mol and 74.94 kJ/mol,whereas 9.21 kJ/mol and 11.39 kJ/mol individually at high temperature stage.The differences in pyrolysis process between bagasse and poplar timber were due to their different chemical components.

Study on Quarantine and Trapping Technique for Bactrocera dorsalis

Abstract: The thermal treatment toward the fruits infected by Bactrocera dorsalis and the trapping technique for this pest conducted in the orchards was experimented.The results showed that the eggs were most sensitive to the thermal treatment,followed by the first and the second instars,while the mature worms were most resistant to the thermal treatment.The pest killing effect was the best when the infested fruits were treated at 60 ℃ for 120 min or at 45 ℃ for 300 min,the mortality rate of all stage instars of B.dorsalis could reach 100 %.The thermal treatment was suitable to be applied for quarantine treatment to the infested fruits found at the ports.Five combinations of pesticide with the best attractive trapping effect were selected,among which methyl eugenol mixed with spinosad cost the least.Whereas the protein hydrolysate mixed with spinosad,or protein hydrolysate had better control effect,which was suitable for eradication of newly invaded groups.

Research of MODIS L1B-level data radiometric correction and solar zenith correction.

Abstract: Proposals to tackle with the three main problems existing in pre-processing of MODIS L1B-level data,i.e.,image geometric correction,satellite parameters calibration,solar zenith angle rectification,were put forward on the basis of summarizing experience of the former relevant researches to complete the radiometric correction and solar zenith angle rectification,which might provide the MODIS data application with good theoretical foundation.

Preliminary Comparison of Herbicidal Activity of Mycotoxins Produced by Lecanosticta acicola and Four Species in Genus Mycosphaerella

Abstract: The crude toxin extracts of four species in genus Mycosphaerella were studied and their toxicity was compared with the crude toxin produced by Lecanosticta acicola via bioassay taking seedlings of Eupatorium adenophorum and Pinus elliottii as experiment objects.The results indicated that the toxin produced by Mycosphaerella fulva and M.fragariae was harmful to bioassy seedlings of both species in the liquid MS medium.And it was showed that the toxins produced by the two Mycosphaerella species were non-host specific toxins.The toxin-producing peak period of Lecanosticta acicola was 10-20d,and reached the highest around 20d,the toxin producing peak period of Mycosphaerella fulva and M.fragariae was 5-10d,and reached the highest at about 10d.The bioassay results indicated that the herbicidal activities of the crude toxin extracted from Lecanosticta acicola and Mycosphaerella fulva was stronger than that of the crude toxins extracted from Mycosphaerella fragariae.In the liquid MS medium,Mycosphaerella sentina and M.sp.did not obviously produce toxins so they did not injure the bioasaay meterials.

A survey of research progress on gene resources of Populus yunnanensis.

Abstract: Populus yunnanensis is one of species in Section Tacamahaca of genus Populus,which is native to southwest China.It is also an unwonted poplar species in China or even in the world that is distributed in low latitude but high altitude area.Compared to other species in Section Tacamahaca of genus Populus,such as P.simonii,P.ussuriensis,P.cathayana,etc.,little work has been done for either fundamental or applied researches on P.yunnanensis.The problems related to integrated development and utilization of P.yunnanensis resource and relevant countermeasures were discussed based on summarizing the gene resource survey and research progress in order to promote the cognizance to this tree species and the development of conservation,exploitation and utilization of germplasm resource of P.yunnanensis.

Potential Impact of Climate Change on Distribution of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Abstract: The Bioclim model was applied to predict the potential distribution area for Cunninghamia lanceolata tree species under the present and coming future climate conditions based on the current distribution characteristics of this tree species and the data of the counties in the subtropical area in China as distribution sample sites.The results showed that the estimation of potential suitable distribution area of C.lanceolata was in good agreement with the documented results.The most suitable area would be shrunk,and the optimal distribution area would be moved eastward if the CO2 concentration was doubled.The southern boundary of the original distribution area of C.lanceolata would shift northward when the average temperature increased 2℃,and there would be distinct fragmentation for the optimum suitable distribution area when the average temperature increased 4℃.The suitable distribution area would be limited to Guizhou Province and the northern boundary of the original distribution area if the precipitation increased by 20%.

Population structure of Delbergia fusca in mid-lower reaches of the Lancang River and the protection countermeasures.

Abstract: The population structure of Delbergia fusca in the mid and lower reach areas of the Lancang River was studied by investigating into its distribution features,distribution density,distribution pattern,diameter-class structure,regeneration and fruiting status by means of route survey and GPS positioning method.The survey showed that the D.fusca population was generally distributed in a narrow belt form mainly on the sunny slopes in the Lancang River valley area where Nuozhadu Nature Reserve is situated.The density of linear distribution and acreage distribution was 122 trees per km and 440 trees per km2 respectively.The population density of the main distribution areas in the trunk stream and tributaries were 637 trees per km2 and 143 trees per km2 individually,the deciduous monsoon forest was the main habitat and the populations were unevenly distributed.85.4% of the trees were in small DBH class and 14.6% were in large DBH class,and only 1.30% of the trees were fruit bearing.The trees in the region of Nuzhadu hydropower station were endangered to be inundated.The in situ conservation,ex situ conservation,seedling propagation,artificial reforestation and other corresponding protection countermeasures were proposed in the paper.

Study on ecological reclamation of the deserted quarries in Jiangyin Municipality.

Abstract: Effect of two ecological reclamation techniques on top soil and vegetation at the deserted quarries on the Mount Huashan in Jiangyin Municipality was studied by the field survey.The results showed that the top soil in the project area was reduced and depressed to a certain extent in comparison to the original soil depth,there was no significance difference(p0.05) in the soil depth preserved,while there was significant difference(p0.05) in the plant root biomass between the two project areas.It was showed that the preserved soil depth and root biomass of the plants were significantly influenced by the slope aspect.The order of the preserved soil depth,fresh root biomass,dried root biomass was as the upper slope mid slope lower slope.The soil on the project slopes was stabilized by vigorous vegetation,some native plants had grown there,the species richness indices,diversity indices and evenness indices were high in the both project areas.The results indicated that both of the vegetation growing concrete technique(VGC) and seeding spraying technology(PMS)techniques were suitable to the project,which could restore the vegetation and landscape rapidly in the steep slope area where the directive guest soil planting measure was hard to be implemented.

Multi-time scales analysis of precipitation in Yellow River Delta Reserve.

Abstract: Based on the annual precipitation data from 1971 to 2007,the temporal variability features of the Yellow River Delta Reserve were studied by applying the wavelet analysis method.The results indicated that the precipitation in the studied area was mainly concentrated in the summer,but very little from November to March of the next year.The amount of precipitation changed dramatically sometimes,e.g.the variation was significant from the year 1974 to 1975,from 1989 to 1990,and the temporal variability in precipitation within each year was obvious,the difference in precipitation between the rainy days and rainless days was extremely evident.The wavelet analysis showed that there were 2-4yr or 4-6yr short periodic oscillations in the precipitation among the 37 years,there were also 8yr,14yr and 24yr long periodic oscillations.The results of wavelet analysis for the summer data were similar to that of the yearly data.

Comparative study on biomass of the natural Kandelia candel forest and its plantation in the coastal area of east Fujian Province.

Abstract: Fuding Municipality in east part of Fujian Province is the northernmost part for natural distribution of mangrove forest in China,which plays an important role in mangrove study.The biomass and its distribution law of Kandelia candel forests in Fuding,costal area of Fujian Province with different origins were studied by applying standard plant method and harvesting method.The results showed that the total biomass of the natural K.candel forests was 58.305 t/hm2 with the aboveground biomass for 32.919 t/hm2 and the underground part for 25.386 t/hm2.Whereas the total biomass of K.candel plantation in the same area was 25.359 t/hm2,among which the aboveground part was 14.711 t/hm2 and the underground part was 10.648 t/hm2 respectively.The study on the biomass distribution showed that the order by the biomass allocation for K.candel population was: twigs stems staple roots leaves mid roots stump fiber roots flowers.The characteristics of biomass of K.candel forest or plantation and the organ distribution explained its adaptability to high latitude habitat.

Research on Efficient Utilization Mode of Bio-based Resources——on the Chain of 'Biomass-Biomass Material-Biomass Energy' Industry

Abstract: Bio-based materials are categories of natural organic polymer materials mainly composed of cellulose,hemicelluloses and lignin,which mainly exist in the form of logging remainder from forest tending,bamboo and wood processing residues,straw,husk and others.Bio-based materials are naturally renewable resources,and the annual production of such bio-based materials in China is over 7 million tones.At present,there are mainly three utilization approaches of bio-based resources in the world,i.e.,bio-based material,bio-based energy and pulp.Aiming at improving the utilization efficiency of bio-based resources,and establishing the industry chain for bio-based material resources as the basic approach,the efficient utilization modal for bio-based material resources was proposed as "Bio-material-Bio-based material-Bio-energy",the model of ecological industrial chain "Bio-material-Bio-based polymer composites-Bio-based fuel" and the relevant research advances were discussed.

Several Common Detection Methods for Erwinia chrysanthemi

Abstract: Erwinia chrysanthemi is one of the quarantine pathogen bacteria for the imported seedlings and other propagation materials that causes soft rot disease of the plants.It is a harmful bacteria disease included in the entry quarantine list of China because of its severe damage to agriculture and forestry.Several commonly used detection techniques for E.chrysanthemi pathogen were summarized in this paper.

Preliminary report on forest entomopathogenic fungi in Guangdong Province.

Abstract: A survey on the pathogenic fungi of forest insects was conducted in Guangdong Province from 2003 to 2004,and 9 species of entomopathogenic fungi infecting and killing forest insects were found,i.e.,Entomophaga aulicae,E.grylli,Nomurae atypicola,N.rileyi,Paecilomyces fumosoroseus,Aschersonia aleyrodis,Metarhizium flavoviride,Beauveria bassiana,B.brongniartii.Among which Beauveria bassiana was the predominant pathogen of forest insects in Guangdong Province,while Entomophaga aulicae,E.grylli and Nomurae atypicola were newly recorded fungi in the studied area.

Preliminary Analysis of Ecological Distribution of Wood-rotting Fungi in Liming Township of Lijiang Laojun Mountain

Abstract: According to the identification results from wood rotting fungus specimen collected from sample plots in different vegetation types located at varied elevations,the species and their populations of wood rotting fungi in 4 forest types in Liming Township of Lijiang Municipality were comparatively studied.It was found that there were differences in species and their distribution status of wood rotting fungi in different forest types.The results also showed that the number of wood rotting fungus species increased along with the increment of elevation under 3 000 m,whereas the number declined with the increase of elevation above 3 000 m.

Analysis on the main physical and chemical composition of Camellia reticulate f. simpex seed oil.

Abstract: The main physical and chemical composition of the seed oil extracted from plants of 9 representative populations of Camellia reticulate f.simpex seed oil in Yunnan Province was analyzed.The results showed that the indexes of specific gravity,refractive index,acid value and peroxide value were 0.903 2～0.915 9 d40/40,1.470 0～1.473 6n40,0.345 0～0.750 5 mg/g,11.905 1～33.629 9 meq/kg respectively.Determined by gas chromatography analysis,the seed oil of Camellia reticulate f.simpex was not only rich in unsaturated fatty acids with the content 82.11%～84.04%,but also rich in calcium,phosphorus,potassium and other mineral elements

Substrate selection for container seedling breeding of Pinus flexilis.

Abstract: A container seedling breeding experiment was carried out with seeds of four Pinus flexilis provenances introduced from North America by four types of mixed substrate with different proportions(surface soil substrate was used as control)The most suitable substrate selected was B2(30% sand,50% peat,20% vermiculite) through measuring eight growth indexes and four physiological indexes of the one-year-old container bred seedlings of the four provenancesThe correlations between the physical and chemical characters of the different substrates and the morphological and physiological indexes showed that the physiological indexes of the substrates were the most important factors influencing the growth and development of the one-year-old Pinus flexilis container bred seedlings

Geographical distribution and damage degree of Monochamus alternatus in Yunnan Province.

Abstract: The long-horn beetle Monochamus alternatus is the main vector insect of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.In order to prevent the pine wilt disease,the geographical distribution and damage extent of Monochamus alternatus in Yunnan Province were surveyed through methods of route survey,trace identification and sample plot investigation.The results showed that among the 129 counties in Yunnan Province,M.alternatus has been found in 116 counties(accounts for 89.9% of the total counties) and has not yet been found in 13 counties(accounts for 10.1%).The beetle has caused slight damage in 85 counties(accounts for 65.9% of the total counties),medium damage in 16 counties(12.4%),and severe damage in 15 counties(11.6%).The study showed that the vertical distribution of M.alternatus ranged between 649 m and 3 255 m,and the altitude difference was 2 606 m.The host tree species of M.alternatus are Pinus yunnanensis,P.kesiya var.langbianensis,P.densata,P.massoniana,and P.armandi.

Influence of super absorbent polymer in spray seeding on photosynthesis and transpiration of Amorpha fruticosa.

Abstract: The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used for the dynamic research of photosynthesis and transpiration rate of Amorpha fruticosa in July of 2008,and the effect of super absorbent polymers on the photosynthesis and transpiration was studied.The results indicated that the photosynthesis and transpiration rates of the plants growing in eight types of substrates displayed the similar diurnal change mode,i.e.,the two-peak pattern.The peak values of photosynthetic rate occurred at 10:00 and 16:00,and the lowest values appeared at 6:00 and 18:00 respectively.The first peak of transpiration rate occurred at 11:00,one hour late than the peak photosynthetic rate,but the second peak transpiration rate showed at 14:00,two hours ahead of the second peak photosynthetic rate.The results showed that different dosages of super absorbent polymer made the photosynthesis and transpiration rate of A.fruticosa displaying at three levels.Too much or too little of the polymer dosage all led negative effect on photosynthesis and transpiration of the plants.The experiment results showed that the 0.15%,0.20%,0.30% of the super absorbent polymer were the three appropriate dosages for the growth of A.fruticosa plants.

Review of the Stability Studies on Plantation Ecosystem

Abstract: On the basis of summarizing the plantation ecosystem stability related researches both at home and abroad,the conception,connotation and extension of plantation ecosystem stability,the self-maintainance mechanism,the diversity and stability theories,the relations between anthropogenic disturbance and the plantation ecosystem stability,the criterion system and assessment methods of plantation ecosystem were comparatively and systematically reviewed in this paper.It was proposed that more attention should be paid to studies on the influence of human disturbance on plantation ecosystem stability,on the tree species or varieties selection,combination and match technology for plantation in order to promote the genetic diversity,species diversity and ecosystem diversity of plantations,and to optimize the structure and function of plantation ecosystem.

Comparison on DNA Extraction Methods from Betula alnoides Leaves Dried with Silica Gel

Abstract: The total genomic DNA was extracted from the dried leaves of Betula alnoides with CTAB,CTAB-SiO2,the nuclear separation,double times extraction,and modified CTAB methods,and the DNA obtained was analyzed by the means of agarose gel electrophoresis and RAPD analysis.The results showed that there was great difference in DNA yield from different extraction methods.The DNA yield by CTAB-SiO2 method was the lowest with 0.4-11.6 μg/g.The DNA yield obtained by the nuclear separation and double times extraction methods was higher than the CTAB method,which could eliminate the glucose more efficiently.The DNA yield from the modified CTAB method was the highest,which was 171.2-364.8 μg / g,the polymorphic patterns amplified by RAPD were the best with clear electrophoresis belts.It was concluded that the modified CTAB method was suitable to extract the total genomic DNA from dried leaves of Betula alnoides.

Mating behavior of Hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in the field: a case study at Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China.

Abstract: This is the first report on mating behavior of Hoolock gibbon in the field from China. Mating behavior of a pair of adult Hoolock gibbons were observed four times at Mt. Gaoligong in one day (on April 16(superscript th), 2008). Mating patterns of the Hoolock gibbon could be divided into four steps: the female raised buttocks to invite mating, the male approached to the female and accepted the request, mounting, and resting. There were some differences on invitation for mounting between wild and captured-state Hoolock gibbon, and the wild female was dominating when mating. The mating fastigium of animals and interference by the human may be the main reasons causing multiple mating activities of Hoolock gibbon in a day.

Research advances in introduction, cultivation and utilization of Rosmarinus officinalis.

Abstract: Traditionally Rosmarinus officinalis has been applied to be an ornamental and aromatic herb plant species.Nowadays this plant is widely used in landscape greening,gardening,food processing,medical and hygienic service,cosmetology and health care,et al.This article analyzed the ecological characteristics,introduction and cultivation situation of Rosmarinus officinalis,reviewed the domestic and overseas research and application development of this plant species and discussed the future orientation of the relevant industry development.

Feeding ecology of Lophophorus sclateri at Gaoligong Mountain.

Abstract: The foraging behavior of Lophophorus sclateri was studied by means of directly observing its foraging activity in the field and by plot study on features of the spring foraging habitats distributed in Danaozi area of the Gaoligong Mountain.The observation indicated that the foraging activity of L.sclateri could be influenced by the weather,i.e.,the bird usually fed in the dawn or dusk time during the sunny days,whereas it fed during the intervals in the rainy or snowy days.The results showed that L.sclateri preferred meadow or bared areas to feed and avoided bamboo grove,especially the dense bamboo forests denser than 20 plants /m2.When L.sclateri fed in the meadow or bared localities,60% of the foraging localities were distributed within 2m apart from the forests.L.sclateri preferred to feed in the sloppy areas,water resource did not influence very much on its selection of foraging locations.