Showing papers in "Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society in 2018"
TL;DR: A key to 20 genera of asexual female oak gall wasps of the southwestern United States is presented along with comments and status of each genus, including synonymies, and instructions for collecting, rearing, and curating.
Abstract: A key to 20 genera of asexual female oak gall wasps of the southwestern United States is presented along with comments and status of each genus, including synonymies. Trichoteras Ashmead and Heteroecus Kinsey are retained as genera separate from Andricus Hartig. Andricus frequens (Gillette) new combination and Andricus juvenca Weld new combination are transferred from Callirhytis. Included are instructions for collecting, rearing, and curating. The presence of alternation of generations is described.
7 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the amounts of mineral elements in honey can be correlated with the species of honey bees produced the honey and the values ranged between 41.35% to 49.85% of the total mineral elements.
Abstract: This study was conducted at the apiary of the Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University in the Al-Ahsa oasis of eastern Saudi Arabia during sidir (Ziziphus spp.) flow season. Amounts of mineral elements in Ziziphus spp. honey produced by Apis florea F. were determined in comparison to honey from the same botanical origin and produced by two domesticated honey bee subspecies; A. mellifera carnica Pollmann (imported bees), and A. m. jemenitica Ruttner (indigenous bees). The highest amounts of ash, potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were found in honey produced by A. florea. The largest amounts of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were obtained from honey produced by A. m. jemenitica. Potassium was the most important mineral in Ziziphus spp. honey and the values ranged between 41.35% to 49.85% of the total mineral elements. Combretaceae was the main pollen floral resource and contributed 63%, 54% and 51% of total pollen in Ziziphus spp. honey from A. m. jemenitica, A. m. carnica and A. florea colonies, respectively. It was concluded that the amounts of mineral elements in honey can be correlated with the species of honey bees produced the honey.
4 citations
TL;DR: Essential oils from Acorus tatarinowii, Mentha haplocalyx, and Stemona japonica were studied for repellency and anti-molting activities and suggest that a mixture of A. tatar inowii plus S. japonicas essential oils are effective at controlling A. glycine.
Abstract: This research represents a forward step in the control of Aphis glycines. Essential oils from Acorus tatarinowii, Mentha haplocalyx, and Stemona japonica were studied for repellency and anti-molting activities. For the laboratory choice-experiment, of two soybean plants with 4 to 6 leaves each, one was treated with either a single or a mixture of essential oils, while the other was treated with a control solution. The plants were then placed in a cage and twenty aphids were released between the two plants. For no-choice tests, only one plant, treated with essential oil, was placed in the center of a cage and 20 aphids were released around the plant. Viable aphid numbers on plants were recorded at 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after initiating each test. After 36 hours of observation, numbers of exuviae around the plant were recorded in the no-choice test. In the greenhouse experiment, two potted faba bean plants were used. Five mL of essential oil was sprayed on one plant, and 5 mL of control solution on the other plant. One hundred adult aphids were released into each cage between the two plants. Repellency was observed at 12 and 24 hours of exposure. A mixture of A. tatarinowii plus S. japonica oils demonstrated maximum repellency in both lab (71.25 ± 3.50%) and greenhouse (85.61 ± 1.56). Anti-molting activities were observed when the essential oil of S. japonica was used. Results suggest that a mixture of A. tatarinowii and S. japonica essential oils are effective at controlling A. glycine.
2 citations
TL;DR: This is the first species in Triozocera reported from Central America and was compared to six other New World species in this genus, to which it was compared.
Abstract: Triozocera eurychilus sp. n. is described from Costa Rica. This is the first species in Triozocera reported from Central America. There are six other New World species in this genus, to which it was compared. New World Triozocera make up only about a quarter of the known diversity of the genus but this is likely due to lack of collection effort rather than a reflection of the actual diversity of this nearly cosmopolitan genus. All known species in the New World are described from adult males.
2 citations
TL;DR: Free-choice assays of 42 lines of wild soybean identified line 99PI522233 as resistant to soybean-aphid biotype 1, and that line was advanced for genetic characterization of its resistance and tested for resistance against virulent soybean aphid biotypes.
Abstract: The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a serious pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the USA and Canada, and a sporadic pest of soybean in Asia. Infestations by soybean aphid cause economic loss to soybean through reductions in seed yield and oil concentration. Aphid-resistant soybean lines are needed to supplant insecticides for managing soybean aphid, and resistant lines may be developed from both domesticated and wild soybean lines. Free-choice assays of 42 lines of wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold and Zucc.) in this study identified line 99PI522233 as resistant to soybean-aphid biotype 1. That line was advanced for follow-up assays with wild soybean lines PI 469399 B, PI 507825, PI 507840 and PI 507843, which had previously been screened as aphid resistant. Line 99PI522233 had significantly fewer soybean aphids than other lines except the resistant check in the second and third weeks of a no-choice assay, but the four other putatively resistant lines did not show resistance in the no-choice assay. Thus, line PI99522233 may be advanced for genetic characterization of its resistance, and it should be tested for resistance against virulent soybean aphid biotypes.
2 citations
TL;DR: The local blowfly population was surveyed in Coffey County, Kansas and DNA barcodes used to identify each fly down to the species level, finding no resident fauna or barcode information on the calliphorids in Kansas.
Abstract: Forensic entomology has relied heavily on necrophagous flies within the family Calliphoridae (aka blow flies) due to their predictable succession on a decaying corpse. These organisms are among the first insect species to arrive and have been used to aid investigators in predicting the postmortum interval (PMI) (Brown et al., 2015). Since blowfly succession patterns may vary among closely related species, accurate identification is critical for the accuracy of PMI determination. However, identification using external, morphology-based techniques can prove difficult, prompting researchers to adopt molecular techniques to aid identification efforts (Zaidi et al., 2011). DNA barcoding is a methodology used to discriminate among species (Hebert et al., 2003). The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene is amplified using conserved primers and its DNA sequence used to produce a “barcode”. Comparing the barcode sequence to a reference database of DNA sequences along with sequence alignment allows determination of the genetic distance between the two sequences as well as identification to the species level. Current literature and database searches yielded no resident fauna or barcode information on the calliphorids in Kansas. Knowledge of the resident blowfly fauna is critical if these organisms are to be used as a forensic tool. As an initial step to fill this lack of data, the local blowfly population was surveyed in Coffey County, Kansas. Flies were collected and DNA barcodes used to identify each fly down to the species level. Calliphorids from the genus Calliphora, Cynomya, Lucilia, and Phormia were identified.
1 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the management to protect lentil crops from stink bug infestations should be initiated at the R6 growth stage, and that crops should be harvested a week earlier using combine harvester to reduce stink bug density and chalky spot damage.
Abstract: Chalky spot damage caused by the stink bugs Dolycoris baccarum (L.) and Piezodorus lituratus (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious problem for red lentil production in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. This study aimed to determine spraying time against stink bugs, based on lentil developmental stages and evaluate potential agronomic methods (early vs. timely harvest and traditional harvest with sickle bar mower vs. combine harvester) to reduce chalky spot. Field trials were carried out during 2011–2012 in three provinces of Southeast Anatolia (Diyarbakir, Mardin and Sanliurfa).Chalky spot damage was initiated at the R6 stage (full seed, seed on nodes 10-13 fill the pod cavities) when the stink bug nymphs started to be observed and the plant had soft immature seeds that were more susceptible to feeding by stink bugs. In early harvested lentil fields, the percentage of chalky spot damage was 0.60 and 0.20 in Diyarbakir and Sanliurfa provinces, respectively. It was lower than that of timely harvest. On the other hand, damaged seed percentage significantly reduced by changing the harvesting from traditional to combine harvesting and damage ratio was 0.90 and 0.00 in Diyarbakir and Mardin provinces, respectively. We conclude that the management to protect lentil crops from stink bug infestations should be initiated at the R6 growth stage, and that crops should be harvested a week earlier using combine harvester to reduce stink bug density and chalky spot damage.
1 citations
TL;DR: Six species were determined as new records for the dipteran and hymenopteran fauna of Edirne province, European part of Turkey, and Turkey.
Abstract: Gall specimens on leaves and branches of Rosa canina and Prunus spinosa were investigated. Field studies were conducted from February to June 2013 in European part of Turkey (Trakya University Arboretum, Edirne). In the study, from the galls collected from R. canina leaves and shoots, seven parasitoid and inquiline (Hymenoptera) species (Eupelmus urozonus, Exeristes roborator, Glyphomerus stigma, Orthopelma mediator, Pteromalus bedeguaris, Torymus bedeguaris, and Periclistus brandtii, belonging five families) associated with the three gall wasp (Hymenoptera) species (Diplolepis mayri, D. rosae, D. spinosissimae, belonging one family) were recorded. From the galls on P. spinosa leaves, one gall midge (Diptera) species (Putoniella pruni) was recorded. In addition, six species were determined as new records for the dipteran and hymenopteran fauna of Edirne province, European part of Turkey, and Turkey.
1 citations
TL;DR: Resistance to pyrethroid and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) insecticides were negativelycorrelated, indicating a sensitive voltage-gated sodiumchannel (CNaVD) in the most resistant population.
Abstract: Conventional insecticides are among the most popular chemical control agents against mosquitoes. Our study aimed to evaluate the resistance status to permethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) in Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tunisia. For this study, three samples of C. p.pipiens mosquitoes were collected from Northern and Southern Tunisia between 2003 and 2005. Early third and late fourth instar larvae were morphologically identified and used for bioassays. All samples were resistant to permethrin and a large variation ininsecticide tolerance was observed between samples. The RR50 values ranged from 3.01 in El Fahs to 39.3 in Sidi Hcine. Resistance to pyrethroid and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) insecticides were negativelycorrelated, indicating a sensitive voltage-gated sodiumchannel (CNaVD) in the most resistant population. The use of synergits showed the involvement of CYP450 in the recorded resistance to permethrin in Sidi Hcine. Results were discussed in relation to previous studies and mosquito control. Data on resistance insecticide were provided to serve as a base for further resistance management interventions.
TL;DR: The genus Coptera Say, 1836 is firstly reported from China and two new species from Yunnan Province, C. spina Hou, Yang & Xu, n.
Abstract: The genus CopteraSay, 1836 is firstly reported from China. Two new species from Yunnan Province, C. spina Hou, Yang & Xu, n. sp. and C. yunnanica Hou, Yang & Xu, n. sp., are described and illustrated. A key to the Chinese species is provided.
TL;DR: Bioassays showed that resistance to chlorpyrifos and propoxur was correlated, suggesting an insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE 1), and the highest frequencies of the resistant phenotypes ([RS] and [RR]) were detected in the most resistant sample (#1).
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to analyze the resistance status of Culex pipiens pipiens (C. p. pipiens) to the chlorpyrifos insecticide in Tunisia. Three mosquito populations of C. p. pipiens were collected from three districts of Tunisia between 2003 and 2005. Results obtained here showed that all populations were resistant to used insecticide and the level of resistance varied widely between the samples. The resistance ratios at LC50 (RR50) to chlorpyrifos ranged from 8.75 to 455. A synergism study showed that resistance to chlorpyrifos was affected (SR50 > 1, p < 0.05) by piperonyl butoxide (Pb), indicating the involvement of P450 oxidases detoxication in the recorded resistance of sample #1. However, esterases and/or glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxication were not involved. Bioassays showed that resistance to chlorpyrifos and propoxur was correlated, suggesting an insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE 1). The highest frequencies of the resistant phenotypes ([RS] and [RR]) (0.74) were detected in the most resistant sample (#1). Five esterases were detected in the studied field samples. The esterase C1 encoded by the Est–1 locus and four esterases encoded by the Ester super locus: A1, A2–B2, A4–B4 (or A5–B5, which has the same electrophoretic mobility) and B12.