Showing papers in "Kybernetes in 1990"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the Alienor technique for global optimisation, which is deterministic and uses the approximate properties of Archimedes' spirals, reducing n variables to a single one.
Abstract: The Alienor technique for global optimisation is described. The method is deterministic and uses the approximate properties of Archimedes' spirals, reducing n variables to a single one. It is shown that Monte Carlo methods are less efficient than Alienor, they need more computing time and convergence is not absolutely guaranteed. The application of the Alienor technique to many concrete problems is discussed.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of estimating a k-dimensional body from a random sample of points is discussed and a natural estimate, first proposed by Grenander, is considered, and two consistency results together with a convergence rate for this estimate are given, and some open problems are proposed.
Abstract: The problem of estimating a k‐dimensional body from a random sample of points is discussed and a natural estimate, first proposed by Grenander, is considered. Two consistency results together with a convergence rate for this estimate are given, and some open problems are proposed.
23 citations
TL;DR: A new approach to living organisms with irreversibly perturbed homeostatis, based on the integrated moving average IMA and autoregressive‐integrated moving average ARIMA linear stochastic models of non‐stationary photon emission processes, is proposed.
Abstract: A new approach to living organisms with irreversibly perturbed homeostatis, based on the integrated moving average IMA (0,1,1) and autoregressive‐integrated moving average ARIMA (1,2,1) linear stochastic models of non‐stationary photon emission processes, is proposed. The approach consists of introducing a stochastic formulation of the transfer function and memory functional into a general description of non‐equilibrium states of perturbed organisms. A memory function‐based quantitative measure of perturbed biohomeostasis has also been proposed and discussed.
14 citations
TL;DR: Results show that students whose right hemisphere is more developed than their left tended to prefer Platonistically presented logicism over nominalistical formalism and Brouwer's intuitionalism over Frege's geometrical approach.
Abstract: Students studying the philosophy of mathematics were the subjects of an experiment to examine the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres. Results show that students whose right hemisphere is more developed than their left tended to prefer Platonistically presented logicism over nominalistical formalism. They also tended to prefer Brouwer's intuitionalism, which is based on Kant's temporal mode of perception, over Frege's geometrical approach. The result is tentatively explained by an information theoretical model of the brain's functioning and is related to the current discussion regarding constructivism and Kant's theory of consciousness.
9 citations
TL;DR: A systems theoretical reconceptualisation of certain parts of alienation theory is considered, and political alienation is described as a subform of societal alienation which does not necessarily correlate with the different forms of interpersonal alienation, as is often assumed.
Abstract: A systems theoretical reconceptualisation of certain parts of alienation theory is considered. Two opposed forms of alienation are distinguished, interpersonal alienation and societal alienation. Political alienation is described as a subform of societal alienation which does not necessarily correlate with the different forms of interpersonal alienation, as is often assumed. Alienation is viewed as a generic term for information processing problems of individuals.
9 citations
TL;DR: A discussion document on the development of the philosophy of cybernetics, particularly in relation to human values and moral philosophy, is presented in this paper, where the authors discuss the relationship between cyber-netics and human values.
Abstract: A discussion document on the development of the philosophy of cybernetics, particularly in relation to human values and moral philosophy.
8 citations
TL;DR: The greatest lower bound and the least upper bound of average turnaround time are investigated and new results are presented with illustrative examples.
Abstract: Average turnaround time is an important consideration in selecting or evaluating computing systems. The greatest lower bound and the least upper bound of average turnaround time are investigated. New results are presented with illustrative examples.
7 citations
TL;DR: By combining the subjective probabilistic viewpoint of fuzziness with the entropy of deterministic functions, it is possible to expand an information theory of fuzzy sets which is fully compatible and consistent with the classical Shannonian information theoretic framework.
Abstract: By combining the subjective probabilistic viewpoint of fuzziness with the entropy of deterministic functions, it is possible to expand an information theory of fuzzy sets which is fully compatible and consistent with the classical Shannonian information theoretic framework. A model of transinformation between fuzzy sets, which could be of help in approximate reasoning can be obtained, an interesting feature of which is that it can be duplicated in the framework of fuzzy set theory.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a research project is described which aims at understanding how individual actors succeed in handling divergences in personal interests, subgroup interests and the global group interests in a complex pattern of social interaction.
Abstract: A research project is described which aims at understanding how individual actors succeed in handling divergences in personal interests, subgroup interests and the global group interests. Self‐steering and steering others in a complex pattern of social interaction is a theme that was underpinned theoretically by a sociocybernetic point of view expressed by Baumgartner, Geyer, van der Zouwen and others.
6 citations
TL;DR: Consideration of the epistemo‐praxiological cave and the physicist's cave gives further interpretations to Plato's allegory.
Abstract: Plato's cave, as described in The Republic, is considered as a source of inspiration for a mathematical presentation of the process of perception and decision. The epistemological operator allows for a description of some aspects of a system's epistemological subjectivity. The involvement of inverse transfers of the system's structures is discussed. Consideration of the epistemo‐praxiological cave and the physicist's cave gives further interpretations to Plato's allegory.
5 citations
TL;DR: The enlistment of time is shown to become indispensable for the continued existence of complex systems in this paper, and complexity forces the making of selections of meaningful combinations of modal forms that becomes possible through the use of time.
Abstract: The enlistment of time is shown to become indispensable for the continued existence of complex systems in two ways. First, complexity forces the making of selections of meaningful combinations of modal forms that becomes possible through the use of time. Second, the empirical limits of the present and the degree of complexity with which it has to deal require further measures.
TL;DR: The results establish that minimum mutual information is a viable image restoration approach without the convergence problems usually associated with similar techniques.
Abstract: The mathematical and theoretical development required for using the minimum mutual information technique in image restoration is presented. Results from an implementation of the minimum mutual information technique are shown to demonstrate its capabilities. The results establish that minimum mutual information is a viable image restoration approach without the convergence problems usually associated with similar techniques.
TL;DR: The concept of L‐fuzzy systems is introduced as a generalisation of that of general systems, a universal structure of a special kind of L-fuzzed system is given, some mapping properties of L•fuzzing systems are studied and a number of open questions posed.
Abstract: The concept of L‐fuzzy systems is introduced as a generalisation of that of general systems. A universal structure of a special kind of L‐fuzzy system is given, some mapping properties of L‐fuzzy systems are studied and a number of open questions posed.
TL;DR: How to harmonise these conflicting, but complementary, “natural” orders by learning to anticipate the material, mental, and social effects of the authors' artefacts as human communication media is considered.
Abstract: The nature of communication between machines and people is contrasted and the power of words, concepts, and models as metaphors, both to help and to hinder thinking, is discussed. The article observes how every human artefact manifests its own grammar, rhetoric, and logic, and tends to resume the character of spoken natural language through electric speed‐up. It is emphasised that new acoustic‐space process patterns, created by the electric communication environment, are superseding old visual‐space ground rules of the mechanical world. The article then considers how to harmonise these conflicting, but complementary, “natural” orders by learning to anticipate the material, mental, and social effects of our artefacts as human communication media.
TL;DR: The development of a method of human memory quantitative modelling that consists of a “factor list” or verbal expert answers, which is realised by a Decision‐Making System in Human Memory Modelling (DMSHMM).
Abstract: The development of a method of human memory quantitative modelling is described. This consists of a “factor list” or verbal expert answers, which is realised by a Decision‐Making System in Human Memory Modelling (DMSHMM). This comprises three subsystems: Information Securing (IS), Planning of Scientific Investigations (PSI) and Expert Estimation (EE). The way in which the different functions of the human memory work and interact are mathematically transcribed.
TL;DR: Backward Utopian Iteration suggests the use of the systems approach to solving these problems by focusing on the goal or output of the system as discussed by the authors. But not all problems are solvable using traditional problem-solving or research methodologies, primarily because the problem defies definition.
Abstract: Not all problems are solvable using traditional problem‐solving or research methodologies, primarily because the problem defies definition. Backward Utopian Iteration suggests the use of the systems approach to solving these problems by focusing on the goal or output of the system.
TL;DR: In this paper, a problem reduction approach involving successive decomposition of the problem into subproblems until it is trivially solved is proposed. But this approach is not suitable for the case of the defective coin problem.
Abstract: The defective coin problem involves the identification of a defective coin, if any, and ascertaining the nature of the defect (heavier/lighter) from a set of coins containing at the most one defective coin, using an equal‐arm‐pan‐balance. An algorithmic analysis of the problem is considered. The solution strategy to minimise the number of weighings required to detect the defective coin is based on a problem reduction approach involving successive decomposition of the problem into subproblems until it is trivially solved. The algorithm is capable of generating all possible optimal solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the usefulness of networking in several areas, sales, corporate, job search, etc., is described, and its particular usefulness for females in business is emphasised.
Abstract: Networking has been defined as the planned acquisition of contacts for mutual support. The usefulness of networking in several areas, sales, corporate, job search, etc., is described, and its particular usefulness for females in business is emphasised. A description of a networking system used by a major US company is provided. The conclusion provides some networking guidelines.
TL;DR: The relevance of deductive and inductive approaches is shown in the CID programming language, which embodies one of the essentials of intelligence.
Abstract: Constituent analysis is discussed in relation to the concept of something and the thing itself, i.e. concept as opposed to constitution or reality. This is applied to the deduction of conclusions from premisses, testing hypotheses for validity. The deficiencies of computer language in this connection can be addressed by means of constituent analysis. The relevance of deductive and inductive approaches is shown in the CID programming language, which embodies one of the essentials of intelligence.
TL;DR: The relationship of the works of the Nobel prizewinner Louis de Broglie to cybernetics and information theory is discussed by the Director‐General of the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics.
Abstract: The relationship of the works of the Nobel prizewinner Louis de Broglie (1892–1987) to cybernetics and information theory is discussed by the Director‐General of the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The usefulness of networking in several areas, sales, corporate, job search, etc., is described, and its particular usefulness for females in business is emphasised.
TL;DR: Pentad City as mentioned in this paper proposes a new environ-ment of urban structure in the wake of recent upheavals in crystallography, materials science, mathematics and structural morphology.
Abstract: Pentad City proposes a new environ‐ment of urban structure in the wake of recent upheavals in crystallography, materials science, mathematics and structural morphology.
TL;DR: A quantitative approach to the representation of hierarchies, as opposed to a qualitative approach, is described and some properties of the mathematical model of various hierarchies are examined and real‐life examples are presented.
Abstract: The majority of studies in General System Theory do not consider any specific configuration of relations between elements. One such configuration is hierarchy which exists in many aspects of reality. A quantitative approach to the representation of hierarchies, as opposed to a qualitative approach, is described. Some properties of the mathematical model of various hierarchies are examined and real‐life examples are presented.
TL;DR: A framework model for the design and implementation of computer assisted learning (CAL) programs is described which is flexible enough to accept most domains and can deliver knowledge in a simulated form, similar to that of a teacher in a classroom.
Abstract: A framework model for the design and implementation of computer assisted learning (CAL) programs is described. The model is flexible enough to accept most domains and can deliver knowledge in a simulated form, similar to that of a teacher in a classroom. A major feature of the model is its division into four submodels: the knowledge base, the dialogue, the plan, and the task specification. The knowledge base has been considered as two classes of knowledge: structural and functional. The construction of the dialogue submodel as a tree structure co‐ordinates domain specific reasoning with the plan submodel which generates a wide range of possible formats for user response.
TL;DR: This is a review of a book of the same title that is said to contain enough information for several different courses from undergraduate introduction to advanced graduate courses in algorithms and complexity (including the theories of Blum, Kolmogorov and Martin‐Lof).
Abstract: This is a review of a book of the same title written by Cristian Calude. A discussion is presented of the elements of computability and complexity theory and the origins of the theory discussed. The book is said to contain enough information for several different courses from undergraduate introduction to advanced graduate courses in algorithms and complexity (including the theories of Blum, Kolmogorov and Martin‐Lof).
TL;DR: Insight is provided into the advancement of the concepts, methodologies and develop‐ment processes employed when KE activities are undertaken.
Abstract: Knowledge Engineering (KE) focuses on ways for extending man‐machine interaction to solve problems of human endeavours. Efforts by knowledge engineers can lead to refinements in the capability of communicating, preserving, and recalling human knowledge. Insight is provided into the advancement of the concepts, methodologies and develop‐ment processes employed when KE activities are undertaken.
TL;DR: Cognition processes are shown to be induction processes and the concept of evolution in a wide sense is introduced and this is shows to be the same concept as the convergence of probabilistic induction processes.
Abstract: Processes of the change of meaning in a system involve a discovery process, such as our cognition process, and a development or evolution process of information or of biological species. In other words, the processes of cognition and biological evolution are in the same structure of a living organism when viewed from the point of meaning. Cognition processes are shown to be induction processes and the concept of evolution in a wide sense is introduced. This is shown to be the same concept as the convergence of probabilistic induction processes.
TL;DR: The mathematical model and computer algorithm reported in a previous issue of this journal have been tested on 21 normal heart moulds by comparing the true volume value, measured by Archimedes' principle, with the predicted theoretical volume.
Abstract: The mathematical model and computer algorithm reported in a previous issue of this journal have been tested on 21 normal heart moulds by comparing the true volume value, measured by Archimedes' principle, with the predicted theoretical volume.