Showing papers in "Learning and Motivation in 1987"

TL;DR: This paper found that children in the internal context showed evidence of responsiveness to caloric density cues and associative conditioning, eating more ad lib following low-density preload than following the high density preload during conditioning, and eating more during extinction following the flavor previously paired with low caloric density.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the way in which judgments of the extent to which an action caused an outcome changed as more experience of the action-outcome contingency was presented and found that judgments increased across trials when there was a positive contingency and decreased when there were a negative contingency.

TL;DR: It is suggested that serial feature negative discriminations endow both the feature (X) and the excitor (A) with special properties and are difficult to reconcile with the previous proposal that inhibitors established with serial procedures act on particular conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus associations.

TL;DR: The authors examined the choices of human subjects as a function of changeover delay (COD) duration and found that at the 1-s COD, the subjects distributed their responses approximately equally between the two response alternatives.

TL;DR: In this article, pigeons were trained on a successive discrimination task using complex visual stimuli, where each photographic slide that contained a person had a corresponding "matched background" slide, one that showed the same scene with the person removed.

TL;DR: In a delayed conditional discrimination task, pigeons can remember either some aspect of the conditional stimulus (i.e., they can code retrospectively) or some aspect (e.g., they will respond at the end of the delay).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether controllability and predictability similarly affect contextual fear under several parametric conditions, and found that the effects of control over shock termination can be mimicked by feedback stimuli when a contextual fear measure is used.

TL;DR: Expectancies were found to exert significantly greater control over choice behavior than memories, and antagonism subjects chose significantly less accurately than synergism subjects or than an expectancy only group.

TL;DR: The results of these experiments add to a growing body of literature suggesting the existence of fundamental behavioral differences between the sexes, partly attributable to the influence of gonadal hormones during development and maturation and partly to the behavioral requirements of the experimental procedures.

TL;DR: The trace hypothesis extends extant explanations by focusing on changes in salience within a given presentation of the CS, and was found to be an increasing function of theCS duration, the number of PE trials, and the US onset during a 15-s CS (Experiment 4).

TL;DR: Transformation of a moving stimulus is an operational definition of imagery that is useful in animal research and could be employed to investigate imagery at the neural level or to obtain comparative behavioral data from different species.

TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between conditioning to the CS and background using a novel CER paradigm, in which a long background stimulus played the role of more conventional contextual cues, and found that the CS was remarkably insensitive to the value of p(US CS ) when assessed off the baseline.

TL;DR: Application of PRT provided a tentative model for song recognition, an improved methodology for song playback experiments, and a theoretical analysis of the representation of the temporal structure of song.

TL;DR: This article used pigeons in an autoshaping procedure to examine the effects of a nonreinforced, nontarget stimulus presented during the intertrial interval on responding to a target CS.

TL;DR: It is argued that exploring list memory in animals should do much to further the authors' understanding of both animal cognition and its relation to human cognition.

TL;DR: Great UCS interference occurred in animals preexposed to LiCl in the novel rather than familiar environment, with no specific dose effects in either context, and context blocking and generalization decrement models of the UCS preexposure effect.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of past associative states on the current associative state of a conditioned stimulus and concluded that subjects retain the associative history of a stimulus.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the cholinergic system may be utilized differently during DD and DCD, and as a function of increasing delay in the memory interval and dosage with the anticholinergic scopolamine, which declined as a linear function of drug dose in the DCD group.

TL;DR: A new interpretation is offered that suggests that variable reward magnitude will maintain attention to a stimulus and that attention will generate keypecking.

TL;DR: Evidence suggested that pigeons may more easily discriminate and remember the dimension to which a stimulus belongs than its particular value along the dimension.

TL;DR: This article found that the effect on subsequent extinction responding of post-conditioning devaluation of one of two reinforcers of a response depends on whether one of the two reinforcer was signaled during training and, if so, whether the reinforcer signaled was the one subsequently devalued.

TL;DR: The rats learned little if anything about the identities and the order of arms in the fixed set in spite of the consistencies between trials and the maintenance of the fixedSet in memory for 40 min within trials, which is congruent with the view of working memory as nonassociative.

TL;DR: It is suggested that food reward enhances retention of spatial information, but priming reduces this effect, whereas administering the reward following the cuing run had no effect on choice behavior.