Showing papers in "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews in 1988"

TL;DR: Findings from recent lines of research are reviewed to formulate the perspective that the behavior of sick animals and people is not a maladaptive response or the effect of debilitation, but rather an organized, evolved behavioral strategy to facilitate the role of fever in combating viral and bacterial infections.

TL;DR: This paper will review the last 14 years of electrophysiological investigation on neurochemically identified dopamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system, as well as the resulting insights into the regulation of dopamine cell electrical activity.

TL;DR: Evidence has led to the hypothesis that NE in the PVN, through the activation of glucocorticoid- and glucose-sensitive alpha 2-receptor sites, is physiologically active in energy homeostasis, most particularly at the onset of the animal's active cycle.

TL;DR: These findings provide a background for the assessment of the effects of novel substances on RAM performance as well as the basis for the further understanding of the neural substrates of memory.

TL;DR: It is concluded that adrenal glucocorticoid hormones exert their permissive effects on feeding behavior at brain sites other than the medial hypothalamus.

TL;DR: Two hundred and ten patients with Tourette Syndrome and/or their parents completed a survey, answering questions about the frequency and disruptiveness of vocal and motor tics, behaviour problems and sleep disturbances.

TL;DR: The results produced by naloxone are consistent with a modulatory effect of endogenous opioid systems on reward, and suggest that the opiate and dopamine systems together exert significant control over ICSS.

TL;DR: Studies are reviewed which indicate that the multiple-unit activity of the central nucleus of the amygdala differentiates stress-susceptible from stress-resistant rats, highly emotional from less emotional animals, and genetically-selected Roman High-Avoidance and Low-avoidance rats.

TL;DR: The decrease in hypothalamic serotonin in the pyridoxine-deficient rat results in tertiary hypothyroidism and pineal function is affected in deficient animals due to decreased synthesis of melatonin.

TL;DR: Experiments indicate that acute and chronic stress activate central muscarinic mechanisms, and these mechanisms may be involved in the patho-physiology of depressive disorders and stress.

TL;DR: An overview of current literature regarding the distribution and binding characteristics of receptor sites for ANF in peripheral and central target tissues is provided and factors involved in the regulation and alteration of ANF receptor sites in various tissues are considered.

TL;DR: The most commonly cited educational problems were with concentration, paying attention, and performance on time-limited tasks and educating educators was the most frequent recommendation.

TL;DR: Findings in animal studies show generally greater behavioral impairments after administration of alpha-adrenergic agonists in comparison with other drug classes, but the few laboratory studies conducted with hypertensive subjects present a confusing picture.

TL;DR: The levels of this peptide in blood and CSF fluctuate in health and disease in a manner appropriate for a physiologically active endogenous molecule.

TL;DR: Self-report data were gathered from a Canadian sample of over two hundred Tourette Syndrome patients and/or their families regarding the effects of TS on family life and the extent to which having TS interfered with the family's day-to-day activities.

TL;DR: Treatment responders versus nonresponders were compared along a number of parameters including co-morbidity with other syndromes, family history, prior medication history, medication used concurrently with lithium, and medication used subsequent to treatment with lithium.

TL;DR: The chronic cerveau isolé preparation demonstrates that the executive processes of paradoxical sleep are located in the lower brain stem, while the occurrence of this sleep stage seems to be modulated by forebrain structures.

TL;DR: The antidepressant property of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) has been supported by several uncontrolled and controlled studies and has fewer side-effects and shorter lag period.

TL;DR: Four children and one adult have been found to have Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Tourette disorder and hyperlexia in North Dakota, a state with a population of 204,161 children ages 0-18.

TL;DR: It is theorized that testicular hormones reduce individual differences in the aggressive behavior of male mice, and that this behavioral "homogenization" is mediated by a testicular-hormone regulated "discrimination mechanism," possibly localized within the mouse olfactory system.

TL;DR: The reported beneficial effects of diazepam and GABA-mimetic agents in ameliorating the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may occur through a mechanism which does not necessarily link transmission involving both dopamine and GABA.

TL;DR: The data suggest that TD patients have high rates of academic and social problems and Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology is quite high in this population of patients.

TL;DR: A comprehensive brief review of Tourette's syndrome has been presented, including description of various symptoms display, neuropathological findings, biochemical and pharmacological studies, and biochemical and pharmacology hypotheses relevant to the underlying pathology of the disease.

TL;DR: In this report, case studies are utilized to convey the symptomatic courses of the 2 child patients with DSM-III-R defined schizophrenia and the ramifications of concordance for the two disorders are explored.

TL;DR: The results suggest that Cs+ was most probably transferred to the fetus and/or to breast milk to the suckling newborn.

TL;DR: Rett Syndrome is a mental retardation syndrome occurring in females consisting of normal pre-, peri-, and neonatal growth and development, followed by rapid regression after 3 but before 30 months, an arrest of the regression and a developmental plateau.

TL;DR: The results indicate that AMN possesses central depressant property which was potentiated by CPZ and RES, and enzymatic data suggest antagonism between AMN and CPZ on induction of mitochondrial L-ALDH.

TL;DR: The results indicate that 100 ppm CO does not exacerbate the effects produced by exposure to 4676 m altitude, and that Visual sensitivity and flicker fusion frequency are reduced in humans inhaling CO at high altitude.

TL;DR: Modification and application of recent developments in neuroimaging, molecular genetics and population studies are presented and a prioritized list of needed investigations is discussed.

TL;DR: Results indicated that approximately 60% of TS patients take some form of medication for relief from their symptoms, and over 80% reported that symptoms are less severe when medicated.