Showing papers in "Nordisk Psykologi in 1989"
TL;DR: In this paper, Jorgensen et al. proposed criteria of validity within a humanistic tradition for qualitative analysis, which are based on theoretical concepts and attached to three analytical steps: identification, correspondence and coherence.
Abstract: Jorgensen, P.S. (1989). On qualitative analysis and the question of validity. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 25–41. Qualitative analysis is today a widely used method in social investigations. Often based upon interviews with relatively few persons the qualitative analysis shall reach conclusions, which hold beyond time and place. Therefore the question of validity is important. The present article proposes criteria of validity within a humanistic tradition. The grounding principle of validity is connected to the interview situation. Here one has to obtain a validity of experience. In the analytical proces the principles of validity are based on theoretical concepts and attached to three analytical steps: identification, correspondence and coherence. The goal of the qualitative analysis is to obtain the status of generalized knowledge, documented on the basis of probability.
18 citations
TL;DR: Havik et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a general model for psychological reactions in somatic disease, and a general control model for factors that may increase the risk of emotional distress, passivity, helplessness and noncompliance.
Abstract: Havik, O.E. (1989). A general model for psychological reactions in somatic disease. How can we understand and care for the patients' psychological needs? Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 161–176. Psychological reactions related to somatic disease are discussed, and a general control model for factors that may increase the risk of emotional distress, passivity, helplessness and non-compliance is described. Clinical studies of patient education are reviewed, and the benefits of this intervention are discussed in the light of the proposed model.
14 citations
TL;DR: Kvist et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the adopted children considered themselves to be more original and more independent than their classmates and had a more demanding self-ideal than their peers.
Abstract: Kvist, B., Viemero, V. & Forsten, N. (1989). Children adopted to Finland from countries outside Europe. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 97–108. A group of 14 out of 23 internationally adopted children agreed to participate in the present investigation. The children were between the ages 10–12 during the year of investigation. They were adopted from four Asian countries to Finland between the years 1975–81. The 14 adopted children were compared to 13 fellow classmates on the following variables: self-image, self-ideal, ego-strength and disposition towards aggression and anxiety. The two groups of children were also compared to each other in regard to their leisure activities. The results indicated that the adopted children considered themselves to be more original and more independent. They also had a more demanding self-ideal than their classmates. The adopted children were more inclined to react with aggression but less inclined to react with anxiety than their classmates. No difference was found in the leisure a...
5 citations
TL;DR: A pattern of behaviour characterized by a high risk of sexually transmitted diseases was identified and this group had other characteristics pertaining to drug use, deviating behaviour and personality and is also in the risk zone for the development of chlamydia and gonorreha.
Abstract: Pedersen, W. (1989). Impulsive and risky sexual behaviour among youth. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 241–251. As a part of a larger longitudinal study, a questionnaire regarding sexual behaviour was answered by 512 young people aged between 16 to 18, living in the greater Oslo area. A pattern of behaviour characterized by a high risk of sexually transmitted diseases was identified. Indicators were inadequate use of contraceptives and being drunk during the first intercourse with a partner one hardly knew. This pattern was identified for 6–7% of the sample. This group had other characteristics pertaining to drug use, deviating behaviour and personality, and is also considered to be in the risk zone for the development of chlamydia and gonorreha. If the number of HIV-positives among sexually active heterosexual young people should increase, the group would also be in the risk zone for developing AIDS. Selective preventive measures especially aimed at this high risk group are recommended.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, anorexics and bulimics were compared vis-a-vis defence, proximity, and separation; crucial psychological behavioural dimensions in eating disorders, and the results showed that anorexs are more sensitive than bulims, and have fewer signs of repression, whereas bulims manifested more depression and isolation.
Abstract: Johnsson (P) (1989). Anorexics and bulimics compared vis-a-vis defence, proximity, and separation, Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 126–140. Anorexics and bulimics were compared vis-a-vis defence, proximity and separation; crucial psychological behavioural dimensions in eating disorders. Those studied were 54 women, 25 with a diagnosis of Anorexia nervosa, 29 with Bulimia nervosa, 45 female university students acting as controls. Psychological defence was measured with the Meta Contrast Technique (MCT), and proximity and separation with thematic apperception testing. The psychological and behavioural dimensions were measured with the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). MCI results showed anorexics to be more sensitive than bulimics, and to have fewer signs of repression, whereas bulimics manifested more depression and isolation. In thematic apperception testing, bulimics responded more frequently with depressive interpretations, whereas anorexics more often discerned details in the mother's face or other pictures disp...
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Nordisk Psykologisk forstehjaelp til voldsofre, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 150-153, was published.
Abstract: (1989). Psykologisk forstehjaelp til voldsofre. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 150-153.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Berliner and Berthelsen provide examples of passive aggression and of how it may be converted to a fruitful learning situation, through interventions combining psychotherapy and teaching.
Abstract: Berliner, P. & Berthelsen, J. (1989). Passive aggression in adult education. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 301–315. Passive aggression is seen in experiential learning as a psychological defense mechanism, protecting the person against involving personal emotions and life experiences. It expresses itself in passivity, hidden resistance, indirect criticism, distance and intellectualizing. The passive aggressive reaction may be understood as arising from a breakdown of the traditional »pupil role«. It is possible to overcome passive aggression in the class-room through interventions combining psychotherapy and teaching. The article provides examples of passive aggression and of how it may be converted to a fruitful learning situation.
2 citations
TL;DR: The literature on personality changes following brain damage is comprehensive as mentioned in this paper, and the field is still in need of further, systematic studies since a majority of earlier studies may be critisized for methodological shortcoming.
Abstract: Ellertsen, B. (1989). Brain damage and personality change. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 81–96. The literature on personality changes following brain damage is comprehensive. Information regarding these transformations may be derived from case studies, systematic group studies of personality changes following localized damage, studies of lateralized brain functions, studies utilizing neurodiagnostic methods and from evaluation of patients undergoing brain surgery. It has been possible to identify different syndromes depending on type of brain damage. The field is still in need of further, systematic studies since a majority of earlier studies may be critisized for methodological shortcoming.
1 citations
TL;DR: A brief description of the DSM III criteria and Russel's criteria, followed by a discussion of some possible explanatory models, i.e., the affective disorder model and the anxiety model, is given in this paper.
Abstract: Laberg, J.C. (1989). Behavioral treatment of bulimia. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 11–24. The current concern with eating disorders and the rapidly growing number of people identified as bulimics has led to increased research on the etiology and treatment of bulimia. This paper presents a brief description of the syndrome, i.e., the DSM III criteria and Russel's criteria, followed by a discussion of some possible explanatory models, i.e., the affective disorder model and the anxiety model. In a summary of recent controlled treatment studies, due emphasis is put on cognitive-behavioral treatment. It is argued that this treatment appears to be effective for the majority of patients, but that the necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic success remain elusive.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the social conditions of the encounters in terms of the nature of the social situation at a social welfare department and the roles of the individuals in the encounter.
Abstract: Hyden, L-C. (1989). A Modern Encounter. About encounters between people in a social welfare department. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 42–53. In the article material from an empirical study of encounters between social workers and their clients are presented and discussed in a social-psychological framework, inspired by symbolic interactionism. The social conditions of the encounters are analyzed in terms of the nature of the social situation at a social welfare department and the roles of the individuals in the encounter. The plot of the encounter is found to be determined mainly by the administrative traditions of the social welfare department.
1 citations
TL;DR: Jorgensen, EF & Winslew as mentioned in this paper analyzed a supervision model based on Stoltenberg & Delworth's work and our experiences from the Institute of Clinical Psychology.
Abstract: Jorgensen, EF & Winslew, H (1989) Supervision of psychotherapy and professional development Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 274–283 A supervision model is analysed based on Stoltenberg & Delworth's work and our experiences from the Institute of Clinical Psychology Three levels are described in which the supervisee passes from novice therapist to experienced practitioner and different areas of proficiency The function of the supervisor is discussed in relation to the level of development of the skill of the supervisee This analysis shows that the model provides an account of how the form of supervision must interact with the level of development of the supervisee The beginners must be given active support and concrete advice about their interventions, while the supervisor must contain the autonomy/dependence conflict in the level two supervisee but can look forward to constructive and quiet cooperation in his contact with the level three supervisee
TL;DR: Axelsen et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated the selection procedure for Norwegian Peace Corps volunteers, twenty foreign aid workers in Botswana and Kenya were interviewed about their subjective experiences of the differences between Norwegian and African styles of work and life, how they coped with the new culture and whether any personality changes took place.
Abstract: Axelsen, E. (1989). Psychological qualifications for working in foreign aid: The experience of Peace Corps volunteers. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 109–125. Western workers in foreign aid projects in Africa have been reported to experience difficulties due to cultural differences and lack of personal qualities needed to adapt to life and work in a changed environment. To evaluate the selection procedure for Norwegian Peace Corps volunteers, twenty foreign aid workers in Botswana and Kenya were interviewed about their subjective experiences of the differences between Norwegian and African styles of work and life, how they coped with the new culture and whether any personality changes took place. In general, the participants seemed to cope well and reported to become more self-confident, calm and flexible living in the new culture. The study seems to confirm that the selection of volunteers functions satisfactorily.
TL;DR: Risholm-Mothander as mentioned in this paper discusses the psychoanalytical concept of crisis as used in connection with childbirth and discusses a different approach based on object relational and feministic theories.
Abstract: Risholm-Mothander, P. (1989). Female reproductivity in different psychodynamic perspectives. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 1–10. The female reproductive function is of central importance to female identity. Classical psychoanalytical psychology, with it's roots in a patriarchal jewish/protestant society, has neglected female psychological development and describes human psychosexual development from a masculine perspective. In this paper, the classical psychoanalytical theory of female development is critizised. A different approach, based on object relational and feministic theories is discussed. Human growth is described as the development of social relationships in interaction with the environment. Differentiation is highlighted as a key-concept for the female development of relationships. Finally, the paper discusses the psychoanalytical concept of crisis as used in connection with childbirth. This concept is taken as an example of how classical psychoanalytical psychology supports traditional values without...
TL;DR: The literature on spontaneous remission from alcohol abuse is sparse but significant in the sense of generating hypotheses for further research as mentioned in this paper, and the relevant literature is presented in order to shed some light primarily over the relatively disregarded spontaneous recovery processes and secondly to indicate the importance of these processes.
Abstract: Nielsen, P. (1989). Situational and cognitive factors associated with »spontaneous remission« from alcohol abuse. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 261–273. The literature on spontaneous remission from alcohol abuse is sparse but significant in the sense of generating hypotheses for further research. The information on this subject relies mainly on a few retrospective and some follow up studies focusing on either situational factors or cognitive processes perceived as crucial to the remission by the remitted alcohol abusers. »Spontaneous« remission is defined as recovery from alcoholism or alcohol abuse without therapeutic intervention in a traditional sense, relying solely on naturally occuring psycho-social events in the environment and/or processes of changing cognitions or emotions concerning the abusive behaviors. In the present paper, the relevant literature is presented in order to shed some light primarily over the relatively disregarded spontaneous recovery processes and secondly to indicate the importance ...
TL;DR: In this paper, Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 153-155, discuss the effects of HIV/AIDS on the music industry.
Abstract: (1989). At leve med HIV/AIDS Psykologiske funktioner hos langvarigt smittede. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 153-155.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of research conducted within the area of neonatal imitation is presented, concluding that imitation (especially imitation of tongue protrusion) seems to be a robust phenomenon and individual differences in imitation are present during the first month of life.
Abstract: Heimann, M. (1989). Imitation during the first months of life—what we know and what we don't know. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 193–203. The paper presents a review of research conducted within the area of neonatal imitation. It is concluded that neonatal imitation (especially imitation of tongue protrusion) seems to be a robust phenomenon. Furthermore, recent findings also indicate that (1) individual differences in imitation are present during the first month of life, and (2) that neonatal imitation is related to the infants' behavior when interacting face-to-face with the mother. However, several questions concerning neonatal imitation remain unanswered. For example, we know almost nothing about the long-term relationship between imitation within the neonatal period and later emerging imitation when the child is 9 to 18 months old.
TL;DR: In this paper, qualitative analysis is discussed and considered according to its critical intentions, and it is argued that human activity as part of societal change must be in focus of the qualitative discussion.
Abstract: March, S. (1989). Research in quality or qualitative research? Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 204–221. The discussion of the qualitative research methods is a never ending story. In this article qualitative analysis is discussed and considered according to its critical intentions. This opens some questions about quantitative vs. qualitative methods, and points to the actual attempt to argue for qualitative analysis as an acceptable »scientific« method. The discussion focuses on the phenomenological development of the qualitative method, and points to some shortcomings in its understanding of social phenomenons and invididual intentionality. My argument is that human activity as part of societal change must be in focus of the qualitative discussion.
TL;DR: In this article, the Intensiv skizofrenibehandling i distriktspsykiatrisk regi (ISDR) regi is presented. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 145-150.
Abstract: (1989). Intensiv skizofrenibehandling i distriktspsykiatrisk regi. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 145-150.
TL;DR: Agger et al. as discussed by the authors used Traumatic Stress Theory and Post-Traumatic Therapy (PTT) principles in transcultural psychotherapy for political refugees to deal with the trauma of torture, where feelings of panic anxiety and deep shame are elicited in the victim.
Abstract: Agger, I. & Jensen, S.B. (1989). Trauma, meeting and meaning—significant concepts in transcultural psychotherapy for political refugees. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 177–192. Organized violence poses Western clinicians with fundamental questions concerning the problem of meaning. The number of political refugees in Western countries, although relatively few on a world-wide scale, have forced clinicians to confront one of the manifestations of organized violence: The trauma of torture. In torture, feelings of panic anxiety and deep shame are elicited in the victim, who thus privatizes an act which in its origin is social and political. Symptoms following this trauma can, although with reservations, be understood in the context of Traumatic Stress Theory and treated in accordance with principles in Post-Traumatic Therapy (PTT). In the meeting between the Western clinician and the political refugee many clinicians have explained their personal counter- transference reactions to the horror of torture, and the socia...
TL;DR: Ricker et al. as mentioned in this paper found that after 10 sessions of psychological treatment, patients showed no weakening of the treatment effects and reported fewer complaints of insomnia and considerably less use of sleeping pills.
Abstract: Rickers, I. & Nielsen, T. (1989). Long-term effects of psychological treatment of insomnia. Nordisk Psykologi, 41, 252–260. The psychological treatment of insomnia has generally met with remarkable success, but relatively little is known of the durability of these treatment effects. Rickers et al. (1986) found 16 out of 19 (84%) insomniacs to be improved or cured after 10 sessions of psychological treatment, and at a two-month follow-up. A two-year follow-up of the 16 successfully treated patients showed no weakening of the treatment effects. For the group as a whole, there were fewer complaints of insomnia and considerably less use of sleeping pills. Several patients pointed to the autonomous use of coping strategies learned du ring therapy as the explanation for the continuation of the immediate treatment effects.