Showing papers in "Pacific Affairs in 1999"
TL;DR: The slow path to civil rights: From civil to indigenous rights as discussed by the authors, from civil to Aboriginal rights, from civil rights to the citzenship divide in colonial Victoria, and from civil-to-indigenous rights.
Abstract: Introduction 1. The citzenship divide in colonial Victoria 2. Under the law: Aborigines and islanders in colonial Queensland 3. Is the constitution to blame? 4. The Commonwealth defines the Australian citizen with Tom Clarke 5. The states confine the Aboriginal non-citizen 6. The slow path to civil rights 7. From civil to indigenous rights.
227 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the role of the state in welfare systems in six different societies in East Asia (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Singapore and Hong Kong) and provided an up-to-date detailed account of how these systems have developed as well as an examination of the question of whether these welfare regimes are the natural outgrowth of cultural traditions or the result of economic and political conditions.
Abstract: For many politicians and observers in the West, East Asia has provided a broad range of positive images of the state's intervention in society. Neoliberals grew excited by popular welfare systems that cost little in expenditure and bureaucracy. Social-democrats thought they had found a model for social cohesion and equality. In fact the reality in East Asia is rather different from these stereotypes. In this book six specialists of six different societies in East Asia (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Singapore and Hong Kong) examine the role of the state in their welfare systems. There are detailed case studies on pensions, health insurance, housing and personal social services. They provide an up-to-date detailed account of how these systems have developed as well as an examination of the question of whether these welfare regimes are the natural outgrowth of cultural traditions or the result of economic and political conditions. This broad-ranging and detailed study will be welcomed by both students and policy makers as the first proper academic study in English to have such a wide coverage of this topic. Its clarity and authority should come as a welcome alternative to the more common misconceptions about Asian society.
210 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that states do still matter despite the vigour of international capital flows and the omnipresence of the global market, and they controversially highlight that how states matter depends upon their differing roles in the global economy and geopolitical system.
Abstract: Globalization and the role of the state are issues at the forefront of contemporary debates. With editors and contributors of outstanding academic repututation this exciting new book presents an unconventional and radical perspective. Revealing that states do still matter despite the vigour of international capital flows and the omnipresence of the global market, the chapters in this collection controversially highlight that how states matter Depends upon their differing roles in the global economy and geopolitical system.
159 citations
TL;DR: The role of macroeconomic and financial sector linkages in East Asia's financial crisis was discussed in this article, where the authors showed that full financial liberalisation - unlike foreign direct investment - may destabilise an emerging market economy.
Abstract: List of figures List of tables Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Pierre-Richard Agenor, Marcus Miller, David Vines and Axel A. Weber Part I. General Accounts: 1. The role of macroeconomic and financial sector linkages in East Asia's financial crisis Pedro Alba, Amar Bhattacharya, Stijn Claessens, Swati Ghosh and Leonardo Hernandez Discussion Sule Ozler 2. The Asian crisis: lessons from the collapse of financial systems, exchange rates and macroeconomic policy Jenny Corbett and David Vines Appendix: Thailand, a stylised chronology Discussion Christopher Bliss 3. Are capital inflows to developing countries a vote for or against economic policy reforms? Michael P. Dooley Discussion Kenneth Kletzer 4. The Asian crisis: an overview of the empirical evidence and policy debate Giancarlo Corsetti, Paolo Pesenti, and Nouriel Roubini Appendix Discussion Richard Portes Part II. Theoretical Contributions: 5. Capital markets and the instability of open economies Philippe Aghion, Philippe Bacchetta and Abhijit Banerjee Appendix 1: solving the model in the Leontief case Appendix 2: why full financial liberalisation - unlike foreign direct investment - may destabilise an emerging market economy Discussion Gianluca Femminis 6. Volatility and the welfare costs of financial market integration Pierre-Richard Agenor and Joshua Aizenman Discussion John Driffill 7. A theory of the onset of currency attacks Stephen Morris and Hyun Song Shin Discussion Jonathan P. Thomas Part III. Contagion: 8. Contagion: monsoonal effects, spillovers and jumps between multiple equilibria Paul Masson Discussion Axel A. Weber 9. Contagion and trade: why are currency crises regional? Reuven Glick and Andrew K. Rose Appendix Discussion Mark P. Taylor 10. Competition, complementarity and contagion in East Asia Ishac Diwan and Bernard Hoekman Appendix Discussion Jenny Corbett and David Vines Part IV. Policy Responses: 11. Coping with crises: is there a 'silver bullet'? Amar Bhattacharya and Marcus Miller 12. Must financial crises be this frequent and this painful? Joseph Stiglitz 13. Round table discussion Richard Portes, Phillip Turner and Charles A. Goodhart Index.
140 citations
TL;DR: The original Analects (LY) Confucius Himself LY 4The Early Circle LY 5 / LY 6 The Dzvngd TransformationLY 7LY 8LY 9 The Kung TransitionLY 10LY 11LY 12 THe Hundred SchoolsLY 12LY 13LY 2 The Last DebatesLY 14LY 15A Private InterludeLY 1LY 16Return to CourtLY 17LY 18The Conquest of LuLY 19LY 20Appendices1: The Accretion theory of the Analcts2: Developmental Patterns in the Analoects
Abstract: IntroductionThe Original Analects (LY)Confucius Himself LY 4The Early Circle LY 5 / LY 6The Dzvngd TransformationLY 7LY 8LY 9The Kung TransitionLY 10LY 11LY 3THe Hundred SchoolsLY 12LY 13LY 2The Last DebatesLY 14LY 15A Private InterludeLY 1LY 16Return to CourtLY 17LY 18The Conquest of LuLY 19LY 20Appendices1: The Accretion Theory of the Analects2: Developmental Patterns in the Analects3: A Window on the Hundred Schools4: Confucius and His Circle5: A reading of LY 1-4 in Text OrderApparatusWorks CitedRomanization Equivalence TableInterpolations Finding ListIndexAfterword
133 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a compendium of key figures, events, and terms for building state and nation amid Cultural Revolution, 1901-19283, Social Revolution: Alternatives for State and Nation, 1928-19604, Economic Disasters and Miracles: 1960 to the present--Whither State and National?
Abstract: I: Historical Narrative1: The Decline of the Traditional State, 1780-1919012: Building State and Nation Amid Cultural Revolution, 1901-19283: Social Revolution: Alternatives for State and Nation, 1928-19604: Economic Disasters and Miracles: 1960 to the Present--Whither State and Nation?II: Compendium of Key Figures, Events, and TermsMajor Events and MovementsTermsInstitutions and OrganizationsTreaties and International SettlementsEmperorsQing Dynasty Government LeadersLeaders of Dissent, Rebellion, or RevolutionNationalist Party (Guomindang/Kuomintang) LeadersCommunist Party (Gongchandang) LeadersMilitary FiguresIntellectuals, Writers, and ArtistsIII: Resource GuideAnnotated Bibliography of Selected WorksGeneral WorksPoliticsSocietyThe EconomyThe World of Culture and ThoughtRelations with the Outside WorldDocumentaries and Feature FilmsElectronic ResourcesIV: AppendicesAppendix 1: Chronology, 1780 to the presentAppendix 2: DocumentsAppendix 3: Major Party CongressesAppendix 4: Tables and Figures on Trends and Developments
120 citations
118 citations
TL;DR: Larmour and White as discussed by the authors discuss the role of chiefs in modern rotuma and discuss the challenges faced by traditional leaders in the federated states of micronesia, including Vanuatu, Tonga, and Papua New Guinea.
Abstract: Contributors 1. Introduction: Chiefs today Lamont Lindstrom and Geoffrey M. White 2. The persistence of Chiefly authority in Western Samoa Cluny Macpherson 3. Rank and leadership in Tonga Kerry James 4. The kingly - populist divergence in Tongan and Western Samoan Chiefly systems Robert W. Franco 5. The reemergence of Maori Chiefs: 'devolution' as a strategy to maintain tribal authority Toon van Meijl 6. Chiefs, politics, and the power of tradition in contemporary Fiji Stephanie Lawson 7. Ritual status and power politics in modern rotuma Alan Howard and Jan Rensel 8. Traditional leaders today in the federated states of micronesia Eve C. Pinsker 9. A micronesian chamber of Chiefs? The 1990 federated states of micornesia constitutional convention Glenn Petersen 10. Irooj Ro Ad: measures of Chiefly ideology and practice in the Marshall Isalnds Laurence M. Carucci 11. Chiefs in Vanuatu today Lamont Lindstrom 12. The discourse of Chiefs: notes on a Melanesian society Geoffrey M. White 13. Tuesday's Chiefs revisited Roger M. Keesing 14. Constructing and contesting Chiefly authority in contemporary Tana Toraja, Indonesia Kathleen M. Adams 15. Conclusions: Chiefs and states today Peter Larmour Notes Bibliography Index.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors bring together research on these organizations and their programs, addressing their political significance, and document the transformation in the character of civil society and evaluate its impact on the state.
Abstract: The number, variety and political prominence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Philippines presents a unique opportunity to study citizen activism. Philippine NGOs provide an avenue for political participation and a mechanism for redressing the inequalities of society unequaled elsewhere in South East Asia. This book brings together research on these organizations and their programmes, addressing their political significance. The essays are based on rural and urban NGOs and document the transformation in the character of civil society and evaluate its impact on the state. It defines the context within which NGOs function, details the response of NGOs to enduring social, economic and ecological issues of Philippine society and records the interactions between citizen groups and the Philippine state.
74 citations
TL;DR: The authors explores the experience of three Chinese cities -Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou- and abundantly illustrates that turning each of these factors or givens to the city's benefit requires sound policymaking.
Abstract: The theme of this book is the interplay of geography, size, and industrial structure in determining the industrial vigor of cities. At any point in time, a city's economic prospects are determined by location, historical traditions, and momentum derived from past development and the available production base, which is composed of infrastructure, physical facilities, human capital, and administrative capabilities. These givens define an initial menu of possibilities, but no city is bound by them. The set of options can be enlarged, comparative advantage can be reshaped, and development paths can be redirected by suitable action, which takes history as a point of departure, but then uses policy to augment the resource base, exploit locational benefits, solve systemic ills, and improve the functioning of the city as a dynamic organism. This book explores the experience of three Chinese cities -Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou- and abundantly illustrates that turning each of these factors or givens to the city's benefit requires sound policymaking. Unless initiatives are taken to exploit inherited capabilities and to approach comparative advantage in a dynamic framework, a strong production base can start to decay, pulling the city into a vicious, downward spiral. This book is divided into 7 chapters. Chapter 2 provides the historical backdrop to economic geography in the three cities extending from early in this century to the eve of reform. It also describes the course of urban and industrial development in China and situates the three cities within the national context. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 explore the salient features of development in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou, respectively, relating the efforts of each city to enhance its industrial strength through the effective deployment of reforms. Chapter 6 compares the experiences of the three cities and their strategies, relates these to restructuring efforts in other metropolitan areas of the world, and looks at the forces driving urban change in China. Finally, Chapter 7 reviews the main messages emerging from the juxtaposition of theory and experience in the context of the three cities, and examines their future strategic choices regarding reform and the directions of sectoral development.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the political economy of Southeast Asia and the transition from central planning to the social construction of development labour systems, and discuss the economic diversification and social division in Southeast Asia.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Politics & Markets in Indonesias Post-oil Era 3. Pressure on Policy in the Philippines 4. Thailand: Capitalist Development & the State 5. Political Economy of Malaysia 6. Singapore: Economic Diversification & Social Divisions 7. Vietnam: The Transition from Central Planning 8. The Social Construction of Development Labour Systems: Southeast Asian Industrial Restructuring 9. Southeast Asia & the Political Economy of APEC 10. Trans-state Developments in Southeast Asia: Sub-regional Growth Zones
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TL;DR: A History of Cruelty: Mao and his Court, Maoist Institutions and Post-Mao Reform as discussed by the authors, the Lessons of Failure, Chinese Democracy: The Lessons of failure, Chinese Volcano, The Constitutionalist Option, and the Place of Values in Cross-Cultural Studies.
Abstract: 1. China Bites Back2. A History of Cruelty3. Mao and His Court4. Maoist Institutions and Post-Mao Reform5. Chinese Democracy: The Lessons of Failure6. The Democratic Vision7. The Decision for Reform in Taiwan8. Electing Taiwan's Legislature (written with with Helena V.S. Ho)9. The Struggle for Hong Kong's Future10. Is Chinese Culture Distinctive?11. Cultural Requisites for Democracy in China (written with Tianjian Shi)12. Left and Right in Deng's China (written with Tianjian Shi)13. The Place of Values in Cross-Cultural Studies14. The Chinese Volcano15. The Constitutionalist Option16. Human Rights and American China Policy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the haze crisis poses a dual challenge for ASEAN, namely, the effect on the self-image of the group has been corrosive and the likelihood that these modalities will fail when tested by a crisis of a different kind.
Abstract: T ? a HOUGH much recent commentary has been devoted to the predicament of ASEAN, the problems that have been its focus have been the regional financial crisis, and the internal tensions generated by the enlargement of the membership. These have been serious enough, and their resolution will leave their marks on the organization. But a further problem, the more serious because it is home-grown, has revealed important failings within the structure of ASEAN. This is the "haze" of 1997-98. It is the argument of this paper that the haze crisis poses a dual challenge for the group. First, conventional ASEAN modalities have proved a severe disappointment. A proliferation of meetings and plans have produced little of consequence. The Indonesian regime has been unwilling or unable to put the interest of the neighborhood ahead of those of its closest associates. The effect on the self-image of the group has been corrosive, and the likelihood that these modalities will fail when tested by a crisis of a different kind has increased. Second, non-conventional approaches have been the desperate resort of ASEAN elites, a strategy that has had major implications. Prominent in these approaches has been the positive role accorded to NGOs and transnational opinion groups. This has posed a challenge to the character ofASEAN, given that a number of regimes within the group have been reluctant to accept the legitimacy of such political activity, and also in light of the fact that the accord and consensus of ASEAN has been largely the creature of agreement among in some cases narrow and unrepresentative national elites.
TL;DR: In this article, the integration of isolated units to form more cohesive systems in France, Russia and other European countries corresponds to integrative processes in Asia, and the authors explore the existence of an early modern Eurasia.
Abstract: Probing at the existence of an early modern Eurasia, this book explores the proposition that the integration of isolated units to form more cohesive systems in France, Russia and other European countries corresponds to integrative processes in Asia.'
TL;DR: Howe et al. as discussed by the authors discuss the last phase of the epidemiological transition and the implications of demographic trends and policy implications for the future of older people. But they do not discuss the role of women in this transition.
Abstract: Preface Brian Howe Part I: 1. Introduction Allan Borowski, Sol Encel and Elizabeth Ozanne Part II: 2. Demographic trends and policy implications Allan Borowski and Graeme Hugo 3. Health and ageing: the last phase of the epidemiological transition John McCallum Part III: 4. Ethnicity and ageing Donald T. Rowland 5. Older women: issues of gender Karen Heycox 6. Social policy and Aboriginal people Jo Harrison Part IV: 7. Work in later life Sol Encel 8. Retirement policy, retirement incomes and women Linda Rosenman and Jeni Warburton 9. Unravelling housing policy for older people Hal Kendig and Ian L. Gardner 10. Older people and their families: issues for policy Peter McDonald 11. Education policy for an ageing society Robb Mason and Shirley Randell Part V: 12. Theoretical perspectives on aged policy development Elizabeth Ozanne 13. Ageing and the law: perspectives and prospects Terry Carney 14. The making of policies for the aged Monica Pfeffer and David Green 15. The aged care reform strategy Anna Howe.
TL;DR: The DRV institutions 1945-55 the party state 1955-86 the high reform period 1986 to present concluding remarks as mentioned in this paper, and the DRV institution 1945 -55, and as mentioned in this paper
Abstract: Establishment of the DRV institutions 1945-55 the party state 1955-86 the high reform period 1986 to present concluding remarks.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present and analyse trends in development thinking by leading Indonesian figures over the last thirty years and translate key speeches and articles from the political debates surrounding Indonesian economic development.
Abstract: Despite increased Western interest in Indonesian economic growth, domestic interpretations remain largely unknown outside Indonesia and have rarely been available in English. Translating key speeches and articles from the political debates surrounding Indonesian economic development, the authors present and analyse trends in development thinking by leading Indonesian figures over the last thirty years.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the political and economic constraints on environmental regulation in India's industrial and manufacturing sectors and highlight the inherent and explicit tensions between economic growth and quality of life issues especially when the lives whose quality is most affected tend to be predominantly among India's poor.
Abstract: T X THE politics of environmental regulation everywhere turns on the debate over whether cleaner technologies cost jobs. In developing countries, growth is frequently seen as the major imperative facing governments that often point to industrialized countries' own polluting past as an argument against domestic environmental regulation. Over the past decade, India's annual economic growth rate has averaged around 6 percent, led by the industrial and the manufacturing sectors. Hundreds of thousands of newjobs have been created in these sectors, and the domestic marketplace now offers an array of goods that middle-class consumers would not have imagined only ten years ago. Such rapid economic gains, however, come at a cost: industrial pollution and its ramifications are features of that progress.' Workers must balance their growing incomes with often hazardous working conditions; owners must balance the cost of adhering to often stringent environmental regulations against the relatively low likelihood of being caught polluting; government administrators who oversee enforcement of regulations face two challenges: they do not have the resources required to monitor an industrial economy dominated by small firms, and their political superiors often give them contradictory directives. The inherent and explicit tensions between economic growth and quality of life issues especially when the lives whose quality is most affected tend to be predominantly among India's poor are complicated, to say the least. This article will analyze the political and economic constraints on
TL;DR: In 1998, French Premier Lionel Jospin signed the Noumea Accord with politicians in New Caledonia, laying out a 15-20 year plan of gradual, phased devolution of authority to the mineral rich territory, with no promise of independence as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: O S N 5 MAY 1998, French Premier Lionel Jospin signed the Noumea Accord with politicians in New Caledonia, laying out a 15-20 year plan of gradual, phased devolution of authority to the mineralrich territory, with no promise of independence. Instead, New Caledonia will receive in 1999 a supplemental citizenship its own nationalitywithin a framework of greater autonomy, a mutable concept that postwar France has expanded and contracted in changing contexts. The Noumea Accord is the culmination of a long history of protest and turmoil in New Caledonia. Radicals on opposite sides of the political divide complain that the Accord provides for either too little or too much change, but many people see it as the best hope for stability. Demographically, the almost thirty indigenous Kanak language groups comprise only 45 percent of the population, so independence for "Kanaky" cannot (yet) achieve a democratic majority vote.' Violence in the 1980s between local nationalists and loyalists (and French armed forces) resulted in a peace agreement in 1988, the Matignon Accord, which promised a referendum on sovereignty after ten years of stepped-up educational and infrastructural aid to the marginalized Kanak. However, the actual vote on November 8, 1998, in which 72 percent of the local electorate marked "yes" in support of the Noumea Accord, simply ratified a prenegotiated "consensual solution."2 The new Accord raises a familiar constitutional issue in global decolonization: whether a Western-derived "civic" model based on "universal" human rights should shape the nation-state, or indigenous anticolonialism should generate a distinctive ethnocultural identity. Asianists have suggested an evolutionary "nations-of-intent" approach.3 Like Southeast Asia, Melanesia
TL;DR: In this paper, Manoranjan Mohanty, Neera Chandhoke, and Harsh Sethi discuss the role of civil society against the state in the post-colonization world.
Abstract: Introduction: Towards a Creative Theory of Social Transformation - Manoranjan Mohanty PART ONE: CIVIL SOCIETY, STATE AND NATION The Assertion of Civil Society against the State - Neera Chandhoke The Case of the Post-Colonial World The Liberation of Civil Society - Bj[um]orn Beckman Neo-Liberal Ideology and Political Theory in an African Context Social Movements in Creative Society - Manoranjan Mohanty Of Autonomy and Interconnection Africa - Mahmood Mamdani Democratic Theory and Democratic Struggles Nationalism, Nation-Building and the State in India - Partha Nath Mukherji Class, Ethnicity and Autonomy Movements in India - Sucha Singh Gill The Nature and Structure of Ethnic Conflict and Separatism in South Asia - Ishtiaq Ahmed PART TWO: PEOPLE'S MOVEMENTS Popular Movements and Politics of Democratization - Olle T[um]ornquist The Philippine Experience in Comparative Perspective Peasants, Dalits and Women - Gail Omvedt Democracy and India's New Social Movements Farmers' Movements and Cultural Politics in India - Staffan Lindberg Peasant Social Structure, Politics and Democratization in Nigeria - Abdul Raufu Mustapha The Story of Agrarian Struggles and Land Reforms in Bengal and West Bengal - Nripen Bandyopadhyaya The Working Class Movement in India - Sharit K Bhowmik Trade Unions and the State PART THREE: HUMAN RIGHTS The State and Human Rights Movements in India - Upendra Baxi Civil Liberties Movement and the State in India - G Haragopal and K Balagopal The State and the Civil Liberties Movement in Nigeria - Adebayo O Olukoshi Depoliticisation of Civil Society - Arief Budiman Social Movements and the Corporatist State in Indonesia Micro-Struggles, NGOs and the State - Harsh Sethi