Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR 

About: Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Proton NMR & Superoxide dismutase. It has an ISSN identifier of 0748-6642. Over the lifetime, 476 publications have been published receiving 4132 citations.

Pharmacokinetics of GdDTPA/dimeglumine after intravenous injection into healthy volunteers.

Abstract: Pharmacokinetic studies of GdDTPA/dimeglumine in man show a rapid renal clearance and no evidence for dissociation or retention of the complex in the body These features, in conjunction with its strong proton relaxation enhancement and its low toxicity suggest that this complex may be an excellent contrast medium for magnetic resonance imaging

Inhibition of oxidative injury of biological membranes by astaxanthin.

Abstract: The value of astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, in the treatment of oxidative injury is assessed. Astaxanthin protects the mitochondria of vitamin E-deficient rats from damage by Fe2(+)-catalyzed lipid peroxidation both in vivo and in vitro. The inhibitory effect of astaxanthin on mitochondrial lipid peroxidation is stronger than that of alpha-tocopherol. Thin layer chromatographic analysis shows that the change in phospholipid components of erythrocytes from vitamin E-deficient rats induced by Fe2+ and Fe3(+)-xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was significantly suppressed by astaxanthin. Carrageenan-induced inflammation of the paw is also significantly inhibited by administration of astaxanthin. These data indicate that astaxanthin functions as a potent antioxidant both in vivo and in vitro.

Free radicals and disease in man.

Abstract: Free radicals and related activated electronic species are produced in biological systems in antimicrobial defense, through the action of the mixed function monooxygenases, by various oxidative enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, and by autooxidations mediated by such agents as heavy metals or quinones. While the evidence is circumstantial, excessive unconfined or inappropriate production of radical species in inflammation, the metabolism of exogenous chemicals, or through autooxidation probably plays a significant role in human disease.

Glucose tolerance and insulin action in monosodium glutamate (MSG) obese exercise-trained rats.

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic aerobic exercise (swimming, 1h/day, 5 days/week, with an overload of 5% body weight) on glucose metabolism in obese male Wistar rats. Hypothalamic obesity was induced through administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) at 4 mg/g of body weight every other day from birth to 14 days old. Fourteen weeks after drug administration, the rats were separated into two groups: MSG-S (sedentary) and MSG-T (swimming for 10 weeks). Rats of the same age and strain, receiving saline in place of MSG, were used as control (C), and subdivided into two groups: C-S and C-T. At the end of the experimental period, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and serum glucose (AG) and insulin (AI) were evaluated. A constant for serum glucose decrease (Kitt) in response to exogenous insulin was calculated. Soleus muscle strips and adipose tissue samples were incubated and insulin stimulated glucose uptake determined. No differences were observed in AG among the 4 groups. MSG-S rats showed higher Al (418%) and lower Kitt (92.3%) than C-S rats. T-rats showed higher glucose uptake by muscle (224.0%) and adipose tissues (94.1%) than S-rats. Among trained rats, glucose uptake by muscle was higher in MSG-T (5.4%) than in C-T, while the opposite was observed in adipose tissue (39% higher in C-T). Chronic aerobic exercise was able to improve glucose tolerance and reduce insulin resistance in MSG-obese rats. These effects were associated to an increase in glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue in response to insulin.

First use of GdDTPA/dimeglumine in man.

Abstract: The dimeglumine salt of the Gd-DTPA complex has a strong paramagnetic effect and a very low toxicity in animals. This report of its use in human volunteers confirms its low toxicity and indicates its usefulness in the enhancement of signal intensity of the kidney and bladder.