Showing papers in "Planta Medica in 1986"
TL;DR: A HPLC-method is described for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the coumestans, in the extracts of ECLIPTA ALBA and also WEDELIA CALENDULACEA Less.
Abstract: From the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the drug ECLIPTA ALBA (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae, besides a flavonoid and simple phenolcarboxylic acids, the coumestans wedelolactone and demethyl-wedelolactone were isolated as the main active principles. Both constituents exhibited antihepatotoxic activity in assays employing CCl 4 -, GalN-, and phalloidin-cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. They also showed a significant stimulatory effect on liver cell regeneration. A HPLC-method is described for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the coumestans, in the extracts of ECLIPTA ALBA and also WEDELIA CALENDULACEA Less., Asteraceae.
218 citations
TL;DR: The antioxidant action of the flavonoids silybin and (+)-cyanidanol-3 was assessed in a peroxidating system formed by linoleate and Fe 2+ and an effect that was comparable to that elicited by butylated hydroxytoluene orbutylated hydroxyanisole was achieved.
Abstract: The antioxidant action of the flavonoids silybin and (+)-cyanidanol-3 was assessed in a peroxidating system formed by linoleate and Fe 2+ . A drastic inhibition of Fe 2+ -induced linoleate peroxidation was achieved by silybin and (+)-cyanidanol-3, an effect that was comparable to that elicited by butylated hydroxytoluene or butylated hydroxyanisole. The antioxidant properties of both flavonoids may explain some of their experimental and therapeutical effects as cytoprotective drugs.
121 citations
TL;DR: Extracts of EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA Jack (Simaroubaceae) have been tested for antiplasmodial activity against a multi-drug resistant Thailand strain of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM In VITRO.
Abstract: Extracts of EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA Jack (Simaroubaceae) have been tested for antiplasmodial activity against a multi-drug resistant Thailand strain (K-1) of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN VITRO. 10-Hydroxycanthin-6-one, eurycomalactone, eurycomanone and eurycomanol were isolated form the plant. The IN VITRO antimalarial activities of these compounds are reported together with that of 6-hydroxy-5, 6-dehydroeurycomalactone.
118 citations
115 citations
TL;DR: In order to investigate the possibility of isolating greater amounts of the antimalarial compound artemisinin (quinghaosu), plants of ARTEMISIA ANNUA were cultivated and analysed at different stages of development, and two hormone-type growth regulators were tested on A. ANNUA strain 811.
Abstract: In order to investigate the possibility of isolating greater amounts of the antimalarial compound artemisinin (quinghaosu), plants of ARTEMISIA ANNUA were cultivated and analysed at different stages of development. We found the highest content just before flowering. It was also possible to correlate development of the plants with the maximum content of artemisinin. ARTEMISIA ANNUA plants cultivated from various other sources were also examine for artemisinin content. According to our results, none of these plants contained sufficient amounts of artemisinin to justify an isolation on a technical scale. Furthermore other Artemisia species were tested. We found artemisinin in only one other species. To possibly increase the amount of artemisinin during the growth period of the plant, we tested two hormone-type growth regulators on A. ANNUA strain 811. The results showed that one of them, chlormequat, was able to increase the artemisinin content by 30% over untreated plants. We also found some slight effects of the growth regulators on morphological criteria of glandular trichomes.
107 citations
TL;DR: An IN VITRO test procedure utilising ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA is described for the evaluation of crude extracts of plants and of isolated compounds and the results are compared with cytoxicity tests to guinea-pig ear keratinocytes.
Abstract: An IN VITRO test procedure utilising ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA is described for the evaluation of crude extracts of plants and of isolated compounds. The test has been used to evaluate a number of standard antiamoebic drugs (emetine, 2, 3-dehydroemetine, metronidazole, 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline), antimalarial drugs (amodiaquine, mepacrine, primaquine, chloroquine, quinine), CINCHONA alkaloids (quinidine, quinidinone, cinchonamine, 10-methoxycinchonamine, 3-epiquinamine, aricine, crude extracts), quassinoids (bruceantin, bruceine C, quassin, BRUCEA crude extract) and the alkaloid canthin-6-one. The applicability of the test to screening plant extracts is discussed and the results are compared with IN VITRO cytoxicity tests to guinea-pig ear keratinocytes.
89 citations
TL;DR: The alkaloid composition of ATROPA BELLADONNA was analyzed by high resolution GLC and GLC-MS and the occurrence of hyoscyamine N-oxide in various plant organs could be confirmed.
Abstract: The alkaloid composition of ATROPA BELLADONNA was analyzed by high resolution GLC and GLC-MS. A total of 13 alkaloids, most new for ATROPA, were identified from roots. The aboveground parts of the plant revealed 7 alkaloids; the hygrines were completely absent. The alkaloid pattern of root cultures was almost identical with the pattern of roots from intact plants. The patterns differed only quantitatively. Scopolamine which in A. BELLADONNA seems to be synthesized in the roots only, was preferably excreted into the culture medium. Norhyoscyamine was found frequently in plant shoots. The occurrence of hyoscyamine N-oxide in various plant organs could be confirmed. Cell suspension cultures produced trace amounts of hyoscyamine, 3alpha-acetoxytropane and 3alpha-tigloyloxytropane. The last two ester alkaloids were not detectable in intact plants.
81 citations
TL;DR: The iridoid glycoside teucardoside and the flavonoids salvigenin and cirsiliol have been isolated from TEUCRIUM POLIUM and T. POLIUM var.
Abstract: The iridoid glycoside teucardoside and the flavonoids salvigenin and cirsiliol have been isolated from TEUCRIUM POLIUM var. PILOSUM and T. POLIUM var. ALBA. The medicinal significance of these findings is discussed.
76 citations
TL;DR: Structural elucidation employing mainly 1 H- and 13 C-NMR, FAB-MS and GC-MS spectroscopic methods revealed a new hederagenin 28- O-β- D-glucopyranosyl ester, which exhibits a pronounced sedative effect in Cussonoside A.
Abstract: Two major saponins have been isolated from the stem bark of CUSSONIA BARTERI Seem (Araliaceae). Structural elucidation employing mainly 1 H- and 13 C-NMR, FAB-MS and GC-MS spectroscopic methods revealed a new hederagenin 28- O-[α- L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 4)-β- D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 6)]-β- D-glucopyranosyl ester (Cussonoside A), and the corresponding oleanolic acid analogue (Cussonoside B). Cussonoside A exhibits a pronounced sedative effect.
73 citations
TL;DR: Since an extract from the flowers of BUTEA MONOSPERMA showed significant activity in different models of liver damage, the extract was fractionated by solvent partitioning and HPLC, and activity monitored by means of CCl 4 and GalN-induced liver lesion IN VITRO.
Abstract: Since an extract from the flowers of BUTEA MONOSPERMA, a plant drug used in India for the treatment of liver disorders, showed significant activity in different models of liver damage, the extract was fractionated by solvent partitioning and HPLC, and activity monitored by means of CCl 4 - and GalN-induced liver lesion IN VITRO. The antihepatotoxic principles isolated consisted of two known flavonoids, isobutrin (3, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxychalcone-3, 4′-diglucoside), and the less active butrin (7, 3′, 4′-trihydroxyflavanone-7, 3′-diglucoside). For qualitative and quantitative analysis of isobutrin and butrin in extracts of BUTEA MONOSPERMA flowers a HPLC system was developed.
69 citations
TL;DR: A new production medium has been developed with naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin giving cell cultures with high growth rates over repeated subcultures and with high rates of alkaloid production, suggesting a one stage production system seems to be possible.
Abstract: A comparison has been made of the various media used for alkaloid production by cell cultures of CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS. The effect of the different phytohormone regimes has been compared with respect to alkaloid yields, the rate of alkaloid accumulation and the ability of the cells to survive repeated subculture. The underlying factor which appears to control alkaloid induction is the level of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the medium. In all cases where the level of 2,4-D was reduced, alkaloid production increased. Addition of 2,4-D to cultures growing on a production media confirmed the inhibitory action of 2,4-D on alkaloid biosynthesis. A new production medium has been developed with naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin giving cell cultures with high growth rates over repeated subcultures and with high rates of alkaloid production. Thus instead of two stage production a one stage production system seems to be possible.
TL;DR: Aqueous methanol/water extracts of the Oriental crude drug “sanyaku”, DIOSCOREA JAPONICA and D. BATATAS rhizophors, notably lowered blood glucose concentration in mice and exhibited remarkable hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.
Abstract: Aqueous methanol/water extracts of the Oriental crude drug “sanyaku”, DIOSCOREA JAPONICA and D. BATATAS rhizophors, notably lowered blood glucose concentration in mice. Activity-guided fractionation of the extract from D. JAPONICA afforded six glycans, dioscorans A, B, C, D, E, and F, which exhibited remarkable hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.
TL;DR: In glucose-induced hyperglycemia, antidiabetic activity was seen only when the Salvia infusion was administered simultaneously with glucose, and in alloxan-diabetic rabbits, daily administration of 0.250 mg/kg of infusion resulted in a 33% decrease in blood glucose levels.
Abstract: The hypoglycemic activity of infusions and suspensions of Salvia lavandulifolia was studied in normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Variations in circulating levels of insulin were also studied in normoglycemic animals. The greatest decreases in glucose levels (17-18%) were obtained with doses > 0.250 mg/kg in normoglycemic rabbits. No effect was seen on insulin levels. In glucose-induced hyperglycemia, antidiabetic activity was seen only when the Salvia infusion was administered simultaneously with glucose. In alloxan-diabetic rabbits, the daily administration of 0.250 mg/kg of infusion resulted in a 33% decrease in blood glucose levels.
TL;DR: A water extract of the Oriental crude drug “yokui-nin” (coix seeds), COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI var, MA-YUEN seeds, disclosed a marked hypoglycemic action when administered to mice, and elicited remarkable hypogly diabetic effects in normal and hyperglycemic mice treated with alloxan.
Abstract: A water extract of the Oriental crude drug “yokui-nin” (coix seeds), COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI var, MA-YUEN seeds, disclosed a marked hypoglycemic action when administered to mice. Fractionation of the extract, by monitoring the pharmacological activity, led to isolation of three glycans, coixans A, B and C. These components elicited remarkable hypoglycemic effects in normal and hyperglycemic mice treated with alloxan.
TL;DR: A cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas was devised for use with mice and the treatment of Makyokansekito, 162 mg/kg P. O., which contained Ephedrae herba and Armeniacae semen, showed stronger antitussive effects than the individual crude drugs.
Abstract: A cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas was devised for use with mice. In this method, the ED 50 of morphine hydrochloride was 1.58 mg/kg P. O. and that of codeine phosphate was 10.28 mg/kg P. O. Using the method established, L-ephedrine hydrochloride, 0.4, 4.0 and 40 mg/kg P. O., inhibited the cough induction in a dose-dependent manner and amygdalin, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/kg P. O., also inhibited the cough induction. On the other hand, treatment of Makyokansekito, 162 mg/kg P. O., which contained Ephedrae herba ( L-ephedrine, 4.6 mg/kg) and Armeniacae semen (amygdalin, 8.4 mg/kg) as component, showed stronger antitussive effects than the individual crude drugs.
TL;DR: A water-soluble galactomannan consisting of D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar ratio 3:2 has been isolated from the seeds of Cassia angustifolia.
Abstract: A water-soluble galactomannan consisting of D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar ratio 3:2 has been isolated from the seeds of Cassia angustifolia. Hydrolytic fission of the methylated polysaccharide resulted in three methylated sugars: (a) 2, 3-di- O-methyl- D-mannose, (b) 2, 3, 4-tri- O-methyl- D-galactose, and (c) 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra- O-methyl- D-galactose in the molar ratio 2:1:2. Partial acid hydrolysis of the polysaceharide afforded five oligosaccharides: (a) epimelibiose, (b) galactobiosylmannose, (c) mannobiose, (d) mannotriose, and (e) galactobiose. Periodate oxidation of the polysaceharide indicated 59.7% end group while methylation gave 60%. Sodium borohydride reduction of the periodate oxidised polysaceharide and subsequent hydrolysis revealed the presence of (1-->4) and (1-->6)-glycosidic bonds. Thus, the main chain of the galactomannan was found to consist of (1-->4)-linked mannoypyranosyl units having beta-glycosidic bonds while (1-->6)-linked alpha-glycosidically bonded galactopyranosyl units form the branching points.
TL;DR: Juliflorine, an alkaloid isolated from PROSOPIS JULIFLORA is shown to possess antibacterial activity, which was tested in VITRO against six Gram positive and ten Gram negative bacteria at comparable concentrations of penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline.
Abstract: Juliflorine, an alkaloid isolated from PROSOPIS JULIFLORA is shown to possess antibacterial activity. This activity was tested IN VITRO against six Gram positive and ten Gram negative bacteria at comparable concentrations of penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. Among Gram positive bacteria Juliflorine was found to be effective against STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE var. MITIS, C. HOFMANNI and BACILLUS SUBTILIS. STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS was found resistant to all antibiotics used except for ampicillin and Juliflorine. No significant inhibitory effect of Juliflorine was found against the species of SALMONELLA, SHIGELLA, PROTEUS, PSEUDOMONAS, KLEBSIELLA and ESCHERICHIA COLI.
TL;DR: Two antibiotic compounds from Hypericum japonicum Thunb have been isolated and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Abstract: Two antibiotic compounds, sarothralen A and sarothralen B, from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ( Sarothra japonica Thunb.) have been isolated and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The compounds contain phloroglucinol and filicinic acid residues.
TL;DR: A dynamic synergism probably favors at different development stages the production of leaf trichomes or flower development and terpene derivative synthesis (before and after bloom), while during and following bloom a negative correlation was found.
Abstract: MENTHA VIRIDIS LAVANDULIODORA leaves were collected before, during, and after bloom at different stages of leaf ontogeny. They were analyzed in order to correlate the number of trichomes with the quantity and quality of the essential oils produced. The trichomes were counted and their density was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oil was distilled, separated using gas chromatography, and the individual compounds were identified using mass spectrometry. The number of trichomes is highest before bloom, lowest during bloom, and then following bloom increases again at all stages of leaf development. There is a positive correlation between the quantity of oil and the number of trichomes before bloom, while during and following bloom a negative correlation was found. An analysis of variance (F-ratio) was calculated for the number of trichomes at different leaf lengths for each sampling period and between the number of trichomes and the leaf lengths during the three collecting periods. There are quantitative differences in the oils distilled. Before bloom the highest quantities of aliphatic hydrocarbons are present, while oxidized aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds reach their height during bloom, and esters are present in the greatest quantity after bloom. A dynamic synergism probably favors at different development stages the production of leaf trichomes (before and after bloom) or flower development and terpene derivative synthesis (during bloom).
TL;DR: There is somaclonal variation of secondary metabolite production in clonal cell cultures derived from protoplasts of haploid and diploid HYOSCYAMUS MUTICUS L. Gatersleben (Solanaceae) plants and mutagenised clones, and scopolamine content was determined by sensitive enzyme- and radioimmunoassay.
Abstract: We have established clonal cell cultures derived from protoplasts of haploid and diploid HYOSCYAMUS MUTICUS L. var. Gatersleben (Solanaceae) plants. The scopolamine content of plants and the clones was determined by sensitive enzyme- and radioimmunoassay. Variation in scopolamine content was significant among whole plants. Scopolamine content in haploid plants was found to be clearly 2-3 times higher than in diploid ones. The same difference was observed between the cell culture clones derived from haploid plants compared to the clones derived from diploids. The mean content of scopolamine in cultured cell clones was much smaller than in plants, usually by about a factor of 200. There was also substantial somaclonal variation in scopolamine content of various clones derived from individual haploid and diploid plants. Possible sources and reasons for this variation were tested. During the time course of the growth of the callus clones maximal scopolamine production occurred after 28 days of incubation. Scopolamine content was observed to be independent of the visible characteristics of the clones. Among 2581 (X-ray, UV-light and MNNG) mutagenised clones no clone could be found which produced higher scopolamine levels than non-mutagenised clones. Scopolamine production varied with passage number. We found that intermediate-producing clones had increased scopolamine levels at the 2nd to the 4th passage but after ten passages reverted to the initial level. We conclude there is somaclonal variation of secondary metabolite production.
TL;DR: The shoot primordia induced from shoot tips of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni on Gamborg B5 medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid showed rapid propagation, and they are highly stable in chromosome number and karyotype.
Abstract: Shoot primordia, which were able to propagate vegetatively with a very high rate and to redifferentiate easily to new plants, were induced from shoot tips of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni on Gamborg B5 medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under light. The propagation of the shoot primordia of Stevia rebaudiana is rapid, and they are highly stable in chromosome number and karyotype. The shoot primordia can propagate at a high rate for a long time without differentiation. At any time, the shoot primordia readily developed into plantlets with shoots and roots within 2 or 3 weeks in static culture on B5 medium containing 0.02 mg/l BAP and 2% sucrose. The plantlets were transplanted to sterilized soil to grow to normal adult plants.
TL;DR: Ethanol extract of ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS Maxim, was discreetly examined as regards its effect on the maximal working capacity of man, using six male adolescents with significant increase in all four parameters recorded in the tests due to extract administration.
Abstract: Ethanol extract of ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS Maxim, was discreetly examined as regards its effect on the maximal working capacity of man, using six male adolescents. Single, blind, cross-over studies were conducted where the extract treatment was compared with no treatment and with placebo treatment. Significant increase was noted in all four parameters recorded in the tests due to extract administration. Especially striking was 23.3% increase in total work due to the extract compared with only 7.5% rise due to the placebo. This increase in total work seemed to be partially attributable to the improvement of subject's bodily oxygen metabolism that was reflected in the increase in maximal oxygen uptake and that in maximal oxygen pulse.
TL;DR: The volatile oil inhibited CCl 4 -induced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation, indicating that anti-oxidative activity participates in the inhibitory effect of the volatile oil in CCl 2 -evoked liver damage.
Abstract: Garlic constituents, the volatile oil, alliin, S-allylmercaptocysteine (ASSC) and S-methylmercapto-cysteine (MSSC) were subjected to assay for their antihepatotoxic activity using the IN VITRO and IN VIVO liver damage models. Marked inhibitory activity was found with the volatile oil, ASSC and MSSC in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )- and galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes as model systems. ASSC exhibited a remarkable inhibitory action and the volatile oil, alliin and MSSC showed tendencies to elicit protective actions in GalN-produced liver lesion in rats. The volatile oil inhibited CCl 4 -induced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation, indicating that anti-oxidative activity participates in the inhibitory effect of the volatile oil in CCl 4 -evoked liver damage.
TL;DR: The effect of the Chinese crude drug “Xiebai” and its components on human platelet aggregation induced by 2 μM ADP was studied and cinnamic acid derivatives and tyramine were also examined with respect to human Platelet aggregation.
Abstract: The effect of the Chinese crude drug “Xiebai” and its components on human platelet aggregation induced by 2 μM ADP was studied. From the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction giving a remarkable inhibitory effect against platelet aggregation, N-P-coumaroyltyramine ( 1) and N-TRANS-feruloyl tyramine ( 2) were isolated as the active principles. Compound 2 showed a strong inhibitory activity against both the primary and secondary wave aggregation induced by 2 μM ADP of human platelet, whereas 1 was effective only against the primary aggregation. In comparison with the above compounds cinnamic acid derivatives ( 3- 6) and tyramine ( 7) were also examined with respect to human platelet aggregation. Compounds 3 and 5 showed the inhibitory activity against both the primary and secondary wave aggregation as did as 2, while 6 inhibited only the primary aggregation, and 4 gave a lower effect. Compound 7 showed inhibition only upon the secondary aggregation.
TL;DR: The linear chain of (1, 4)- O-linked β- D-mannopyranose with 10% acetyl groups and the glycoprotein enhanced phagocytosis in adult bronchial asthmatic were shown to contain.
Abstract: Neutral polysaccharides and a glycoprotein were isolated by gel filtration from a nondialyzable fraction of ALOE ARBORESCENS var. NATALENSIS Berger. These were shown to contain the following: a linear polymer of a (1, 6)- O-linked α- D-glucopyranose (mol. wt. 15,000); a branched polymer of an arabinogalactan (mol. wt. 30,000, molar ratio of galactose to arabinose 1:1.5) with two principle linear chains of (1-2)- O- L-arabinopyranose and (1-2)- O- D-galactopyranose at O-2 and O-6 of the D-galactopyranose residue; a linear polymer of a (1, 4)-O-linked β- D-mannopyranose (mol. wt. 40,000) with 10% acetyl group; a glycoprotein (mol. wt. 40,000; protein, 57%; hexosamine, 4%; and carbohydrate, 34%) consisting of glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine (2:2:1:1:4:1) and amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Phe, Orn, Lys, Arg, and Pro). The linear chain of (1, 4)- O-linked β- D-mannopyranose with 10% acetyl groups and the glycoprotein enhanced phagocytosis in adult bronchial asthmatic.
TL;DR: Five naturally occurring compounds, containing various thiophene and polyacetylene groups, were compared with respect to their phototoxic activities against two animal viruses, murine cytomegalovirus and Sindbis virus, both of which possess membranes.
Abstract: Five naturally occurring compounds, containing various thiophene and polyacetylene groups, were compared with respect to their phototoxic activities against two animal viruses, murine cytomegalovirus and Sindbis virus, both of which possess membranes. α-Terthienyl was extremely toxic to both viruses, but only in the presence of long wave ultraviolet radiation. The order of potency was α-terthienyl > thiarubrine-A > phenylheptatriyne ≈ ACBP-thiophene > thiophene-A (hydrolysis product of thiarubrine A). The murine-CMV, which had been inactivated by any of these compounds, was still capable of penetrating cultured mouse cells efficiently and reaching the cell nucleus, the normal site of virus replication. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of action of phototoxic thiophenes and polyacetylenes.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the antiulcerogenic effect of Chinese cinnamon is due to both the inhibition of aggressive factors and the potentiation of a defensive factor.
Abstract: The intraperitoneal administration of an aqueous extract of Chinese cinnamon ( CINNAMOMUM CASSIA) to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight prevented the occurrence of stress ulcers under exposure to a cold atmosphere (3-5° C) or on restraint in water (22-24° C). This extract, which was administered to rats orally or intraperitoneally, also strongly inhibited gastric ulcers induced by a subcutaneous injection of serotonin in rats. Pharmacological studies have shown that the aqueous extract not only inhibits gastric secretion, but also promotes gastric mucosal blood flow. These results suggest that the antiulcerogenic effect of Chinese cinnamon is due to both the inhibition of aggressive factors and the potentiation of a defensive factor.
TL;DR: The leaves of WITHANIA SOMNIFERA were found to possess marked effects in subacute inflammation and hepatotoxicity and a comparison of the anti-inflammatory properties revealed the extract at 1 g/kg dose to be as active as 50 mg/kg of phenylbutazone and 10 mg/ kg of hydrocortisone.
Abstract: Anti-inflammatory activity and protective effect against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity of alcoholic extract of leaves of WITHANIA SOMNIFERA have been assessed. The leaves were found to possess marked effects in subacute inflammation and hepatotoxicity. A comparison of the anti-inflammatory properties revealed the extract at 1 g/kg dose to be as active as 50 mg/kg of phenylbutazone and 10 mg/kg of hydrocortisone. The protective effect of the extract at 1 g/kg dose against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity was comparable to 10 mg/kg of hydrocortisone.