Showing papers in "Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia in 2015"
TL;DR: The maggot showed good ability to degrade organic waste; indicated by the nutrient content of the larvae, which contributes 45-50% and 24-30% for protein and fat respectively, the fish used in this study gained weight 300 to 400 g within five months.
Abstract: Fahmi MR. 2015. Optimization of bioconversion by using mini larvae Hermetia illucens to address aquafeeds shortage. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 139-144. The bioconversion is a natural process consisting of extracting nutrient residue from byproducts being converted into biomass of insect larvae. This is a new source of animal proteins and fats for aquaculture. The insect in the bioconversion process (Hermetia illucens, F. Stratiomyidae, O. Diptera) or Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is well known as the best biodegradation agents. The study consisted of three steps, (i) investigating the biology and life-cycle of H. illucens to collect its minilarvae (maggot), (ii) bioconversion of organic wastes such Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) using maggot, and (iii) the use of maggot as a basic source for feeding Red Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy) (±60 g). The eggs of H. illucens hatched within 3 to 6 days, the larvae stage spent 3 to 4 weeks, the pre-pupae leave feeding site to drier place, the pupae reached adult’s stage in about 1 weeks and the adults longevity ranged from 1 to 2 weeks. The maggot showed good ability to degrade organic waste; indicated by the nutrient content of the larvae, which contributes 45-50% and 24-30% for protein and fat respectively. The fish used in this study gained weight 300 to 400 g within five months.
36 citations
TL;DR: Ismaini et al. as mentioned in this paper determined the vegetation structure and composition and inventory of plant species in the Mount Dempo protected forest, using analysis of vegetation methods on sample plots 10x10 m2 for trees and 2x2m2 for seedlings with total 16 plots observation.
Abstract: Ismaini L, Lailati M, Rustandi, Sunandar D. 2015. Composition and plant diversity on Mount Dempo, South Sumatra. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1397-1402. Mount Dempo is a protected forest area located on the Barisan mountain chain of Sumatra. This mount is the highest mountain which located in South Sumatra on altitude 3159 meters above sea level. Sustainability of protected forest function is determined by the existence of vegetation, and need to management effort based on the analysis of vegetation. The purpose of this research was to determine the vegetation structure and composition and inventory of plant species in the Mount Dempo protected forest, using analysis of vegetation methods on sample plots 10x10 m2 for trees and 2x2 m2 for seedlings with total 16 plots observation. The results of the vegetation inventory tree level were found 21 species with a total of 119 individuals and at the level of seedling was found 98 species with a total of 830 individuals. The results of the analysis vegetation showed Cassia sp. and Camellia sinensis dominate tree level with the Importance Value Index 83.83% and 77% respectively, while for the seedlings was dominated by Strobilanthes hamiltoniana and Strophacanthus membranifolium with IVI of 12.20% and 10.46%. Index diversity of Shannon-Wiener (H ') was 1.9394 for trees and 3.697 for seedlings showed the diversity of medium and high; Index of species richness (Dmg) was 4.1849 for trees and 14.4315 for seedlings showed moderate and high richness; and Index of Evenness (E) was 0.6370 for trees and 0.8063 for seedlings showed high evenness.
20 citations
TL;DR: The conclusion is the quality of sperm X better than Y sperm quality and non-sexing sperm is better than both sperm Y and sperm X before thawing.
Abstract: Putri RDA, Gunawan M, Kaiin EM. 2015. Evaluation of quality sperm sexing Friesian Holstein(FH) post thawing. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 2057-2061. Factors that influence the success in artificial insemination (AI) is the quality of the sperm to be inseminated. Frozen sperm storage was done to extend the life of sperm. However, there are any impacts caused by the freezing sperm process. The qualities of sperm are still fresh and will vary on the quality of sperm after thawing. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of FH bull sperm sexing after thawing. Parameters used are the percentage of motility, plasma membrane intact, viability, abnormalities, and morphometry. Sperm motility was analyzed by SpermVision. Abnormalities, morphometry, and viability were analyzed using Eosin-Negrosin and Hoechst dye, and parameters for plasma membrane intact using the three different formulations of Hypo Osmotic Swelling (HOS) Test. The results showed that the highest sperm motility was Sperm X (52.39%). The highest plasma membrane intact was Sperm X (80.95%) and the highest viability was Sperm Y (80.16%). Low sperm abnormality was observed in nonsexing (5. 4%). The conclusion is the quality of sperm X better than Y sperm quality and non-sexing sperm.
18 citations
TL;DR: Handayani et al. as mentioned in this paper assessed the diversity of medicinal plant species used by the people in this area through interviews with 30 respondents and found that Staurogyne elongata was the most potential plant as a drug.
Abstract: Handayani A. 2015. Utilization of medicinal plants by people around Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve, West Java, Jawa Barat. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1425-1432. Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve is one of the conservation areas in West Java. Information on the use of plants as medicine by surrounding people needs to be collected. The study was conducted in February 2010, in Miduana hamlet, Balegede Village, Naringgul District, Cianjur, West Java, to assess the diversity of medicinal plant species used by the people in this area. The information was collected through interviews with 30 respondents. The results showed there were 74 species of plants from 40 families that commonly used for treatment. Among these species Staurogyne elongata was the most potential plant as a drug.
16 citations
TL;DR: This study aims to determine the diversity of dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) in some water springs of Panekan sub- District, Magetan, East Java, with the assumption that the water source provides less pollutant.
Abstract: Pamungkas DW, Ridwan M. 2015. Diversity of dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) in some water springs in Magetan, East Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1295-1301. Dragonfly is an insect that plays an important role in the balance of the ecosystem, acting as predators. Most of Odonata’s life is in the water in form of larvae. Dragonfly occupies some specific habitat types of waters. This study aims to determine the diversity of dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) in some water springs of Panekan sub- District, Magetan, East Java, with the assumption that the water source provides less pollutant. Expected specific species of dragonflies that occupy the habitat. The used method was the descriptive method by means of direct collection using insect nets to be identified. Collection sample used active exploration around the water spring to the vegetation formation. Based on the results, 19 species of Odonata was found including 10 species of (Anisoptera) and 9 species of damselflies (Zygoptera). Diversity index (H') of Odonata obtained 2,28 and relative abundance (KR) species Orthetrum sabina was the highest (29.4%), while the lowest was Orthetrum pruinosum (0.3%). Odonata including aggregated distribution, except for Diplacodes trivialis and Orthetrum pruinosum that had regular distribution.
14 citations
TL;DR: 46 plant species of which various parts are used as herbal medicines are revealed and 6 wisdom related with healing rituals and the use of the herbals are explored in the Bune ethnic.
Abstract: Katili AS, Latare Z, Naouko MC. 2015. Inventory of medicinal plants and local wisdom of Bune Ethnic in utilizing medicinal plants in Pinogu, Bonebolango district, Gorontalo province. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 78-84. Gorontalo province has five indigenous ethnic communities, namely Bajo, Bune, Atinggola, Polahi and Gorontalo. The Bune community is basically living on agriculture and has their own language, known as Suwawa or Bonda language. Owing to the rich biodiversity of flora, the Bune has long inherited ethnomedicinal wisdom from their ancestors. The aim of this study is to inventory plants used as medicine and to explore the ethnomedicinal wisdom in the Bune ethnic. Data was collected from survey and interview in the Bune community using snowball sampling method. This study revealed 46 plant species of which various parts (leaves, flowers, stem and roots, rhizome and fruits) are used as herbal medicines. The herbals are used to treat 25 kinds of diseases. There is 6 wisdom related with healing rituals and the use of the herbals. There are also 7-most eminent medicinal plants, namely: Tapeompuha (local name) for dysentery disease, Luato (local name) for any kinds of diseases, Tunuhulungo (local name) for skin diseases (local name), Sofa (local name) to treat stings/bites of venomous animals, Mahkota Dewa (Indonesian name) to cure diabetes, cholesterol and high blood pressure, Rosella (Indonesian name) to cure cancer; and herbs containing of Lantolo (local name), Bumba (local name), and Dadap (Indonesian name) to cure malignant cancer. The Bune still adheres the values and norms inherited from their predecessor, especially in utilizing plants to cure disease.
11 citations
TL;DR: Kegiatan survei keanekaragaman jenis anggrek di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah dan Belitung telah dilaksanakan dari tanggal 30 Mei hingga 10 Juni 2014 bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kekayaan anggreek secara cepat di kawasan hutan yang sudah terganggu dengan kegiatan penebangan
Abstract: Destri, Fudola A, Harto, Kusnadi. 2015. Survey on orchid diversity in Bangka Tengah and Belitung Districts, the Province of Bangka Belitung Island. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 509-514. Survey on the orchid diversity of Bangka Tengah and Belitung Districts was conducted in Mei 31-June 10 2014. The aim of this survey was to obtain information on the orchid diversity in the disturbed forest. This survey was conducted in Sungai Mancung and Air Bayat forests (Bangka Tengah) and Bukit Peramun forest (Belitung). The result shows that there were 18 species of orchid found in this location, 12 species from Bangka and 8 species from Belitung and two species was found in both locations. Among 18 species, five of them are terrestrial orchids (Apostasia wallichii, Bromheadia finlaysoniana, Claderia viridiflora, Dipodium scandens, and Malaxis latifolia) and the rest are epiphyte such are giant orchid Grammatophyllum speciosum, Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Bulbophyllum medusae, etc.
10 citations
TL;DR: Setyawan et al. as discussed by the authors studied the diversity and distribution of Selaginella in the Province of Yogyakarta special region and found that S. repanda was often found in the karst region of Sewu Mountain, especially in the crevices of the rocks which were moist.
Abstract: Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto, Susilowati A, Widodo. 2015. Diversity and distribution of Selaginella in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 987-992. Special Region of Yogyakarta has fairly diverse topography with altitude starting from the seashore to the peak of Mount Merapi (2930 m asl.). Most of the area of Yogyakarta is dominated by hills or mountainous regions that is relatively dry, such as Sewu Karst, Menoreh and Merapi mountains. The flat topographic area being observed is between the three mountains. Selaginella is a herbaceous plant species that requires a lot of water for growth and fertilization. Therefore, the existence of Selaginella in a relatively dry region is an interesting matter of study. In this study, nine species of Selaginella were found in Yogyakarta. S. ornata was found at medium to high plain land. S. opaca and S. remotifolia were found only in highlands on the slopes of Mount Merapi as well as S. singalanensis. S. plana was found from the lowland up to an altitude of 1200 m of Mount Merapi, the highest growing limit of this species in the island of Java. S. aristata and S. ciliaris grew ranging from the lowland to medium altitudes, such as Menoreh mountain. However, it was generally grown only in the rainy season. S. repanda was often found in the karst region of Sewu Mountain, especially in the crevices of the rocks which were moist. Meanwhile, S. involvens was found on the slopes of Mount Merapi as well as near the karst region of Sewu Mountain.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used line transect method (Bibby et al. 1980) to find 28 species of birds from 18 families in Bandung City Park, West Java.
Abstract: Endah GP, Partasasmita R. 2015. Bird diversity in Bandung City Park, West Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1289- 1294. Urban green open space is an important part of a city. The existence of urban green open space is required in controlling and maintaining the environmental quality of the city. One form of green open space in the city is a city park. The city park has an ecological function, namely as a place to live wildlife such as birds. The condition of bird habitats in a city park vary because it has a different condition of vegetation, this has led to the species of birds spread in a various different city park. Research on the diversity of bird species in some parks in Bandung was conducted in July-September 2014. The method used in this research was line transect method (Bibby et al. 1980). The results showed that in Bandung city park found 28 species of birds from 18 families. Shannon-Wiener diversity index value across study sites amounted to 2.48. Insectivorous guild category was dominated across study site by nine species of birds while the fewest guild category was granivorous, insectivorous-frugivorous-nectarivorous, and nectarivorous by one species of bird. The highest bird species similarity index values between study sites were between Ganesha Park and Lansia Park that amounted to 0.87, while the lowest was Tegalega Park and Pramuka Park that amounted to 0.42. The highest spread of bird species ws Passer montanus (91%), Pycnonotus aurigaster (100%), and Megalaima haemacephala (91%). The high-frequency value indicated the presence of these three species of birds were almost evenly across study sites. Based on T test (Magurran 2004), Tegalega Parks and Maluku Parks showed significant differences diversity of bird species with other parks, while the City Hall, Lansia, Kandaga, Cilaki, Ganesha, and Pramuka parks did not show significant differences.
10 citations
TL;DR: The semi-multiplex method proposed in this study has demonstrated the efficiency for identifying seven species and subspecies of tropical eels with only one step PCR and showed that A. borneensis is likely the most basal species in Indonesia waters.
Abstract: Fahmi MR. 2015. Conservation genetic of tropical eel (Anguilla spp.) in Indonesian waters based on population genetic study.Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 38-43. The Indonesian tropical eels become important nowadays in the market, as well as the research on tropical eels also become a new challenge. Taxonomy of tropical eels is still problematic due to overlapping morphological characters, thus species identification based on those characters can be misleading. Molecular approaches have been proposed to resolve the problem. The semi-multiplex method proposed in this study has demonstrated the efficiency for identifying seven species and subspecies of tropical eels with only one step PCR. Based on semi-multiplex PCR, we recognized four species and subspecies with wide distribution: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, A. b. pacifica, A. marmorata and A. interioris, two species with limited distribution and close to endemism: A. celebesensis and A. borneensis and one subspecies A. nebulosa nebulosa that can only be found in the river flowing into the Indian Ocean. Based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene, seven species inhabiting in Indonesian waters showed higher haplotype and nucleotide diversity (I€) 0.98 and 4.57% respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. borneensis is likely the most basal species in Indonesia waters.
9 citations
TL;DR: Oelviani et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the integrated farming system in home gardens supporting for food security in Plukaran, Gembong, Pati District, Central Java, Indonesia.
Abstract: Oelviani R, Utomo B. 2015. Integrated farming system in home gardens supporting for food security: A case study in Plukaran, Gembong, Pati District, Central Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1197-1202. Insecurity on family food remains a threat to the people of Indonesia. Development of an integrated farming system is one of the potentials to achieve family food endurance. This activity was carried out in the yard area owned by the group of Marga Kencana women farmers in the Gembong village, Plukaran district. A total of 25 farmers who have a yard area average between 50-150 m2 land where they mostly cultivate pamelo citrus trees and various vegetables such as cauliflower, celery, leeks, red peppers, tomatoes, and eggplant. Since 2013 until now the other side of the land has been used as for catfish’s pond, places for poultry farming (ducks and chickens), also a place for growing togas plants (kencur and ginger) intensively. The results showed that catfish had been produced three times the yard area as well as chickens i.e., 15 chickens were found from 5 chickens and produced five eggs per day. Therefore, this system has the additional benefit of family welfare and capability to achieve the sustainability of family food security.
TL;DR: Setyawan et al. as discussed by the authors studied the diversity of Selaginella in the karstic region of Sewu Mountains, Southern Java, and found that S. ciliaris, S. plana, and S. repanda are adapted to dry areas, making them very easy to be found in the Mts. Sewu region.
Abstract: Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto, Susilowati A, Widodo. 2015. Diversity of Selaginella in the karstic region of Sewu Mountains, Southern Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1318-1323. Sewu mountains are a series of medium-sized mountains (400-500 m asl.), located in the southern part of Java Island, are one of the most complete karst areas in Indonesia, both in geology, ecology, economy and culture. Karst region is characterized by a rock lifted from the seabed and easily dissolved by rainwater, thus forming the domes of hills, valleys, and underground caves. This area is prone to drought because it is not able to hold water. Meanwhile, Selaginella is a herbaceous plant that requires water as a media to fertilization. This study aims to determine wether the species of Selaginella are able to survive in karst habitats of Mts. Sewu or not. Fieldwork was conducted several times in August 2007, November 2011 and August 2013. These should include observation on herbarium sheets of Selaginella collection from Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), the Research Center for Biology, IIS (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor, but of 600 herbarium sheets of Selaginella of Java, no specimen comes from Mts. Sewu. In this study, it was found four species of Selaginella, namely: S. ciliaris, S. involvens, S. plana, and S. repanda. S. ciliaris is a species that has a very high morphological diversity so that they can grow in a variety of habitats. The existence of S. involvens is quite interesting because this species usually grows in highlands. S. plana is a lowland species, so it can be found in moist places and shady. S. repanda is a species adapted to dry areas, making it very easy to be found in the Mts. Sewu region.
TL;DR: Kusmana et al. as discussed by the authors proposed the concept of sustainable urban development to preserve the environmental carrying capacity of urban ecosystem that can sustain continually towards various planned urban development activities and shift harmony as well as balancing of the environment and the resilience to the conducive environmental conditions to creating the expected urban ecosystem.
Abstract: Kusmana C. 2015. Biological diversity (biodiversity) as a key element of green urban ecosystem. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1747-1755. Relatively rapid population growth coupled with changing social dynamic culture that tends to be materialistic and consumptive, fast development of science and technology as well as political atmosphere, has stimulated to created many new cities and encourage the cities that already exist develop economically with various physical infrastructure facilities of the city by ignoring the city environmental factors. This condition has led to a green open space and blue open space in many urban areas converted into constructed-lands (i.e. office area, residential, industrial, and other urban infrastructures). This phenomenon causes many social, economic, and urban environmental problems causing the unrealization of a green urban ecosystem, but led to the formation of an urban ecosystem that is not convenient, safe, beautiful, clean, and healthy to live by its inhabitants. In this case, theoretically, a green urban ecosystem (green city) can be achieved by applying the concept of Sustainable Urban Development. Conceptually, Sustainable Urban Development require a variety of efforts to preserve the environmental carrying capacity of urban ecosystem that can sustain continually towards various planned urban development activities and shift harmony as well as balancing of the environment and the resilience of the environment to the conducive environmental conditions to creating the expected urban ecosystem (in this case the green urban). The soul of the green urban ecosystem is biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecosystem), which causes an optimal sustainable functioning of urban ecosystems in producing various types of environmental products and services that are essential for supporting the life of living 1748 PROS SEM NAS MASY BIODIV INDON 1 (8): 1747-1755, Desember 2015 creatures, especially the urban people. A driving force element in the biodiversity structure is vegetation in urban spatial elements occupying green open space, either natural artificial green open space built on public or non-public lands in protected areas and/or the cultivation areas. In an urban green open space geared to ecological function as the main function and function of aesthetics, architectural, social-culture, and economic as supporting to optimize the function of a green urban. Contextually, biodiversity management is closely related to the management of an urban green open space covered by the community of plants (especially trees) that can serve as habitat for a variety of fauna that interacts between them and with the physical environment to form a communion of life intact as an urban ecosystem. Biodiversity management spectrum in an urban area covers all aspects of planning, utilization, restrain, maintenance, supervision, and enforcement to preserve the function of ecological, social-cultural, economic, and aesthetic of an expected green urban.
TL;DR: The results show 34 identified species which belong to 11 families, namely Portunidae, Majidae, Galenidae, Dromiidae, Calappidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae, Porcellanidae, Macrophthalmidae, Xanthidae and Pilumnidae.
Abstract: Anggraeni P, Elfidasari D, Pratiwi R. 2015. Brachyuran crab distribution in Tikus Island, Pari Island Group, Seribu Island.Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (2): 213-221. Brachyuran crab is one of keystone species that plays important role in nature. There are ± 150.000 unidentified Crustacean, including Brachyuran crabs. This study was conducted to analyze Brachyuran crab distribution in Tikus Island, Pari Island Group, Seribu Islands with square transect method. Square transects were set on the west, north, east and south side of the island. The results show 34 identified species which belong to 11 families, namely Portunidae, Majidae, Galenidae, Dromiidae, Calappidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae, Porcellanidae, Macrophthalmidae, Xanthidae and Pilumnidae. All crabs which were found were distributed in a variety of habitats differing in substrate types, indicating species ability to adapt to the environment. The crab distribution depends on the substrate presence and aquatic ecosystems that support the food availability for the crabs.
TL;DR: Rohyani et al. as mentioned in this paper used standard procedures of phytochemical screening to determine the PHYochemical content of some local plant species frequently used as raw materials for traditional medicine in Lombok Island.
Abstract: Rohyani IS, Aryanti E, Suripto. 2015. Phytochemical content of some local plant species frequently used as raw materials for traditional medicine in Lombok Island. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (2): 388-391. Sasak tribe, an indigenous community in Lombok island, has been utilizing some local plants as raw materials for traditional medicine. Results of previous studies show that of the 62 species of medicinal plants known by the community, five species are most commonly used with the highest scores and weight of utilization. Those are mainly leaves of moringa (Moringa oleifera), pule (Alstonia scholaris), ciplukan (Physalis angulata), pegagan (Centella asiatica) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica). This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of the medicinal plants using standard procedures of phytochemical screening. Procedures used for the colloid test was as proposed by Rizk (1982). Saponin test was based on Forth procedure, flavonoid test using Wilstater procedures, steroid test under Liebermann-Bunchard procedures, terpenoids test with Salkowski procedures, anthraquinone test based on Borntrager procedures and Tannins test. The phytochemical tests show that the leaves of moringa and ciplukan contained all screened secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, and terpenoids. These secondary metabolites exhibit antimicrobial and antiviral properties, denature protein and prevent ingestion of bacteria.
TL;DR: The results showed that the organic PGR has the same ability with synthetic PGR to stimulate the growth of Camelia japonica shoot cuttings, and the difference is only visible on plant fresh weight parameters.
Abstract: Nurlaeni Y, Surya MI. 2015. Response of Camelia japonica shoot cuttings on organic Plant Growth Regulator. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1211-1215. Camelia japonica L. is a herbaceous plant which has the potential as ornamental and medicinal plants. Application of plant growth regulators (PGR) is an effort to increase the quality of seedling through vegetative propagation. However, a good quality of organic PGR relatively has not been developed yet. This study aimed to examine the provision of organic plant growth regulator on the growth of Camelia japonica shoot cuttings. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The factors were various concentration of organic PGR such as 0%, 5%, 25%, 50%, 100%. Rootone-F with a dose 2 g/mL was used for comparison. The observed growth parameters were the percentage of live cuttings, root number, root length, stem diameter, callus diameter, number of flowers, wet weight of plant and dry weight of plant. The results showed that there is no significant difference between organic and synthetic PGR. The difference is only visible on plant fresh weight parameters, with the highest value in the treatment of 25% organic PGR. It indicates that the organic PGR has the same ability with synthetic PGR to stimulate the growth of Camelia japonica shoot cuttings.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential natural production of nipa sap ranged from 109.45 to 437.86 L ha-1 day-1 in 2013 and 3,587.3 L ha 1 year-1.
Abstract: Hidayat IW. 2015. Natural production potential of nipa (Nypa fruticans) sap as sources for bioethanol production. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 109-113. Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) sap is a potential source for bioethanol production. Nipa bioethanol production generates higher yield in comparison with other crops, such as sugarcane, cassava, coconut, and potato. This potential is very relevant to the national program on the development of new and renewable energy to meet the growing energy demand. Nipa can be found growing dominantly in mangrove ecosystem along the northern coast of Sumatra, particularly in South Sumatra. Sungsang, South Sumatra, is one of the critical habitats for nipa. This research was aimed to analyze the potential of natural production of nipa sap which can be processed further into bioethanol. The results showed that the potential natural production of nipa sap ranged from 109.45 to 437.86 L ha-1 day-1 in 2013. For further processing, nipa sap generating 8.98% to 14% of ethanol would then result in bioethanol ranging from 9.83 to 61.3 L ha-1 day-1 or 3,587.92 to 22,374.54 L ha-1 year-1.
TL;DR: Fahmi et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a study to analyze the potential of ornamental fish in peatlands forests and the peatland that has been converted to industrial land, which showed that fish in the core zone was most diverse compared with other zones.
Abstract: Fahmi M, Ginanjar R, Kusumah RV. 2015. Diversity of ornamental fish in peatlands Biosphere Reserve Bukit-Batu, Riau Province. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 51-58. The peatlands are a marginal land which nowadays in a threatened status, because of degradation habitat and land conversion. This study was conducted to analyze the potential of ornamental fish in the peatlands forests and the peatland that has been converted to industrial land. The study was conducted by using sampling fish methods in the transition zone, buffer zone, and core zone and also by interviews with fishermen in these locations. Fish that have been collected subsequently identified and analyzed for their potential as an ornamental fish. The results showed that fish in the core zone was most diverse compared with other zones. There are 21 species which was identified have potential as an ornamental fish; Pangio kuhlii, Rasbora maculata, Rasbora doriocellata, Rasbora gracilis, Rasbora pauciferforata, Puntius pentazona, Puntius hexazona, Chaca bankanensis, Silurichthys hasselti, Silurichthys phaiosoma, Kryptoterus macrocephalus, Pelteobagus ornatus, Hemiramphorodon, Leiocassis porcilopterus, Mystus bimaculatus, Luciocephalus pulcer, Crossochelius oblongus, Osteochilus spilurus, Sphairichthys ospronemodes, Belontia haselty, while Helostoma temminckii, Channa pleurophthalamus, Channa striata was identified as the consumsion fish.
TL;DR: The results indicated that PGPR application had not been able to suppress the rice tungro disease locally but there was one isolate that could suppress rice tsungro disease attacking Inpara-4 and 5 (national varieties are already grown and adapted in the Balandean swamp land rice fields).
Abstract: Salamiah, Wahdah R. 2015. The utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in controlling local rice tungro diseases in South Kalimantan. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1448-1456. Local rice is a germplasm that should get the attention of all stakeholders due to its existence that is threatened to disappear and in the last few years, it was reported that tungro disease attack resulted in crop failure. The long-term goal to be achieved was to control this tungro virus by environmentally safe and sound ways (agricultural products that are healthy, safe to consumers and also to the environment) by doing the induction of resistance system to the local rice varieties. Plant defense (resistance) to a pathogen can be obtained by activating the plant defense system and the use of resistant varieties. The special target of this research was to isolate, characterize and also to apply the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as one of the biological agents that was potential as suppress the tungro disease in South Kalimantan. The utility of this research would be used as an initial effort to help to control the tungro disease attack and to prevent greater losses of the crops. The research was done at Biological Control and Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarbaru, and in swamp land paddy fields at Balandean Village, Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan. The isolation of PGPR was conducted in swamp land paddy fields at Balandean Village, Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan and 15 isolates of PGPR were successfully collected. Five out of 15 isolates that were potential to be biological agents then used as inducers to induce the plant defense to tungro disease attack. These five isolates used as inducer were because of their ability to produce sufficient amounts of HCN and dissolve phosphate. Three isolates were then tested in the field. The results indicated that PGPR application had not been able to suppress the rice tungro disease locally but there was one isolate (Pseudomonas fluorescence isolate 2) that could suppress rice tungro disease attacking Inpara-4 and 5 (national varieties are already grown and adapted in the Balandean swamp land rice fields).
TL;DR: Iskandar et al. as discussed by the authors discussed the result of a study on food diversity crops in the swidden agroforestry (huma) which have an important role in supporting food security of Baduy community who reside the in village of Kanekes, sub-district of Leuwidamar, District of Lebak, Province of Banten.
Abstract: Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2015. Ethnobotanical study on food crop diversity in swidden agroforestry agriculture to support food security of Baduy community. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1265-1272. This paper discusses the result of a study on food diversity crops in the swidden agroforestry (huma) which have an important role in supporting food security of Baduy community who reside the in village of Kanekes, sub-district of Leuwidamar, District of Lebak, Province of Banten. The aims of the study include (i) to understand cultivation of food crops in the swidden agroforestry huma among the Baduy community; (ii) to inventory food crops which are commonly cropped in the swidden agroforestry huma of the Baduy community; and (iii) to understand the food security of the Baduy community and its changes caused of various environmental changes. The qualitative method was used in this study. The botanical data was mainly collected by inventory crops/plants in the swidden (huma) and secondary forest fallowed land (reuma). Meanwhile, social aspect data on the traditional management of the swidden agroforestry huma in relation to maintaining food security undertaken by the Baduy community was collected by deep interviewed with informants who were selected by purposive with considering the completeness and variations. The result of the study shows that the swidden agroforestry huma has been culturally managed by the Baduy based on moral and interest purposes, and managing a high diversity of crops/plants. In the swidden agroforestry of Baduy was recorded 41 species of food crops consist of 9 species of carbohydrate food and 32 species of non-carbohydrate food. By applying of strategy to cultivate various local rice varieties (landraces) -- for moral purposes which are prohibited from trading-- are mixed cropped with harmonious with non-rice crops/plants which are not prohibited from trading. As a result, the swidden agroforestry PROS SEM NAS MASY BIODIV INDON 1 (6): 1265-1272, September 2015 1266 huma has been an important role in conserving local crop/plant diversity, including food crop diversity. In addition, by conserving crops diversity in the swidden agroforestry huma has been very useful in supporting and maintaining the food security of Baduy. By more intensive economic market penetration to Baduy village, the food consumption pattern of the Baduy household has dramatically changed. However, by the rapid development of the economic market, the Baduy people have properly adapted, such as involving in selling non-rice crops and household handicrafts. As a result, Baduy have got cash money and can be used for buying various household needs of the Baduy, such as sawah husked rice (beras sawah) to supplement of the swidden rice. Moreover, the swidden rice production can be stored in rice barns (leuit) for more than fifty years, and food security of the Baduy can be maintained.
TL;DR: Irawan et al. as discussed by the authors used cocopeat and rice husk as a composite medium of top soil as a growing medium for the growth of cempaka wasian seedlings.
Abstract: Irawan A, Kafiar Y. 2015. Use of sawdust and rice husk as a growth media of cempaka wasian (Elmerrilia ovalis). Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 805-808. The use of topsoil is still the main choice as weaning media in the forestry plant nursery. On the other hand, the use of top soil in large amounts could adversely affect the environmental balance. This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of organic materials cocopeat and rice husk as a composite medium of top soil as a growing medium for the growth of cempaka wasian seedlings. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were the differences in the use of planting medium consisting of (i) top soil; (ii) top soil+cocopeat; and (iii) top soil+rice husk. The results showed that the rice husk provided a better response to the growth of cempaka wasian seedlings than cocopeat.
TL;DR: Sujitno et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated the response of new varieties for the production of chili on dry land of Garut, West Java at an altitude of 800 m asl from March to August 2013.
Abstract: Sujitno E, Dianawati M. 2015. Harvest production of many new varieties of Capsicum frutescens in dry land on Garut District, West Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 874-877. The average production per hectare of chili in West Java at 13.15 tons is higher than the national production of 5.75 tons, but it still below the potential production that ranges between 12-20 tons. One effort to increase production is the use of new varieties. Currently, there are many farmers who use local varieties of chili and want new varieties with high production and bright red fruit. The research objective was to determine the response of new varieties for the production of chili on dry land of Garut, West Java. The experiment was conducted in the Village of Jangkurang, Leles Subdistrict, Garut District, West Java at an altitude of 800 m asl. from March to August 2013. The experiment was conducted on dry land with soil type of regosol. The research was conducted with a Randomized Completed Block Design with four treatments and six replicates varieties with farmers as replications. Treatment varieties tested were Kencana, Jossy, ASA CR 7 and local chili. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and if it was a significantly different, the test will continue to orthogonal contras test and correlation test at P​
TL;DR: In the nursery, rambutan, durian, mango and avocado seedlings were tolerant to low light intensity and the effects of fertilization were not significantly different on CO2 absorption, transpiration and stomatal opening.
Abstract: Juhaeti T, Hidayati N. 2015. Physiological and growth of rambutan, mango, durian and avocado seedlings on various light intensity and nitrogen fertilization. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 947-953. The research has been conducted to find out physiology and growth of mango, durian, rambutan and avocado seedlings on the various light intensity and nitrogen fertilization in Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Bogor. Seedlings were grown in polybags in soil: manure = 2:1 planting medium, using Factorial Randomized Completed Block Design. The first factor are shading: 0% (N0), 55% (N1) and 75% (N2), the second are dose of N fertilizer: 0 (P0), 5 (P1) and 10 g of urea/pot (P2) and the third factor are the type of plant: rambutan (T1), mango (T2), durian (T3) and avocado (T4). The result showed that in the nursery, rambutan, durian, mango and avocado seedlings were tolerant to low light intensity. On relatively low Q-leaf value, the photosynthesis can still occur, meanwhile, if it's too high, the rate of leaf photosynthesis was declined. The photosynthesis capabilities were not significantly different on each plant species. The highest rate of photosynthesis (A) was on mango (10,079) followed by avocado, durian, and rambutan. The high rate of transpiration (E) was on avocado followed by durian, rambutan, and mango. The effects of fertilization were not significantly different on CO2 absorption, transpiration and stomatal opening (Gs). Meanwhile, the effect of shading treatment was significantly different on E and Gs but not on the rate of photosynthesis. On 11 MAP (months after planting) old, nitrogen fertilization were significantly affected stem diameter (the largest is 1.4 cm in P3 treatment), but not at the height of the plant. The shading treatment was significantly different both of stem diameter (the largest 1.5 cm from the treatment of the N1) and plant height (highest 133.2 cm from the N2 treatment). The rambutan, durian, mango and avocado seedlings gave a nearly same physiological response to light intensity.
TL;DR: Sutarno et al. as discussed by the authors have shown that biodiversity loss has a significant impact on the welfare of the Indonesian people as a whole, therefore, prudent management efforts are needed to ensure the sustainability in the long term and to maintain the sovereignty of the nation by meeting all demands with supply from domestic sources.
Abstract: Sutarno, Setyawan AD. 2015. Indonesia's biodiversity: the loss and management efforts to ensure the sovereignty of the nation. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 1-13. Indonesia is remarkably very rich in biodiversity. It is recognized as one of the mega-biodiversity countries. Some parts of Indonesia are home to uniquely high level and density of species diversity, which are included in the biodiversity hotspots, i.e., Sundaland (western Nusantara) and Wallacea. Other parts of Indonesia still have natural ecosystems with high biodiversity, it is included in high-biodiversity wilderness areas, namely Sahulland (eastern Nusantara). In theocean, Indonesia is the richest in marine biodiversity, being situated at the heart of the Coral Triangle. Unfortunately, sustainable use of biological diversity is less concerned by major stakeholders in Indonesia, as such the rate of biodiversity extinction in Indonesia is one of the highest in the world. Conversion of natural habitat is the major cause of biodiversity loss in the mainland, such as illegal deforestation followed by conversion to oil palm plantations in Kalimantan. While, overfishing is the major cause of biodiversity loss in the ocean, for example, illegal unreported and unregulated fishing in the Arafura Sea. Biodiversity in both locations has been giving welfare not only to the Indonesian people but also neighboring countries. It is now recognized, that biodiversity loss has a significantimpact on the welfare of the Indonesian people as a whole. Therefore, prudent management efforts are needed to ensure the sustainability in the long term and to maintain the sovereignty of the nation by meeting all demands with supply from domestic sources.
TL;DR: Susiarti et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted an open interview and direct observation in the field to investigate the knowledge on medicinal plants of local people in Seram Island, Moluccas.
Abstract: Susiarti S. 2015. Knowledge on medicinal plants of local people in Seram Island, Moluccas. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1083-1087. Indonesia is known as a source of raw materials for tropical medicines that can be used to mitigate the various kinds of diseases. In addition to raw materials, the traditional knowledge about beneficial of medicinal plants used by several communities is very diverse. However, knowledge among the community of Eastern Indonesia, such as local community in Seram, Moluccas Province, is still not extended widely. Therefore, research on knowledge about the medicinal plant was conducted in Besi, north Seram and Hualoy, Kairatu in Seram. This data can enrich the existed data, diversity and knowledge of medicinal plant species among the Indonesian community. This research was executed through an open interview and direct observation in the field. The results showed that no less than 45 species, including 40 genera and 28 plant parts are used for medicinal purposes. Some of them such as itchy leaves, sinan (Laportea decumana) are often utilized by people in Moluccas and Papua. Puli (Alstonia scholaris) and gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) were enlisted as rare plants through the gaharu has already been planted. Besides medicinal plants , body care, as for instance powder derived from bark, plants are grown in these regions such as jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) and jambu makoi (Syzygium malaccense), which are rarely found in other areas in Indonesia.
TL;DR: The sperm sexing used in the study is obtained from the collaboration of Research Center for Biotechnology-LIPI with Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) Lembang-West Java, AIC Tuah Sakato-West Sumatera and AIC Puca-South Sulawesi.
Abstract: Gunawan M, Kaiin EM, Said S. 2015. Application of artificial insemination with sperm sexing to increase cattle productivity in traditional livestock. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (1): 93-96. Regarding the national demand for animal protein, about 70% of beef demand and only 30% of dairy consumption is supplied from local production, while the rest is imported. The biggest production of beef and milk is from traditional livestock which still needs improvement in productivity and genetic quality. This study was conducted in order to apply sperm sexing in artificial insemination for cattle. The sperm sexing used in the study is obtained from the collaboration of Research Center for Biotechnology-LIPI with Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) Lembang-West Java, AIC Tuah Sakato-West Sumatera and AIC Puca-South Sulawesi. Cattle productivity was examined based on reproduction efficiency of the female acceptors of artificial insemination (AI) using sexing sperm. Reproduction efficiency was measured based on Service per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). The result showed that the average S/C value of X sperm was 1.53 and Y sperm was 1.54. The CR value of X sperm was 69.25% and Y sperm was 68.29%. Suitability of sperm sexing to the sex of the calves was 87.01% for X sperms (female) and 89.5% for Y sperms (male).
TL;DR: Subiakto et al. as discussed by the authors studied the diversity and diversity of dipterocarps in Riau islands and collected genetic materials for preservation and ex-situ conservation effort.
Abstract: Subiakto A, Rachmat HH. 2015. Exploration, collection and conservation of dipterocarps in Riau Islands. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 428-433. The diversity and richness of dipterocarps in Sumatera mainland have been well documented and known throughout the world. On the other hand, the existence and the diversity of dipterocarps in small islands along the eastern part of Sumatera mainland, which is directly bordered with neighboring countries of Malaysia and Singapore have not been thoroughly studied. Phylogeography of dipterocarps species from small islands particularly in the eastern part of Sumatra region is important information to reveal evolution history and their distribution. The aim of this research was to record the dipterocarps species growing naturally in each islands surrounding eastern part of Sumatra mainland and to collect genetic materials for preservation and ex-situ conservation effort. Exploration was carried out in the island of Lingga, Singkep, Bintan, Batam, and Bunguran (Natuna Islands). A total number of the species found for each of the islands was as follow Lingga 13 species, Singkep 2 species, Batam 7 species, Bintan 10 species, and Bunguran 21 species. A number of genetic materials taken for each of the islands were 5900, 329, 25, 160 consecutively for the island of Lingga, Bintan, Batam and Bunguran. Wildings were kept and treated in shaded-high humidity nursery chamber and after 90 days of care, the shading was gradually decreased
TL;DR: In this paper, Sasaerila HY et al. collected samples of butterflies along the walking path, at three sites of collections and concluded that this sampling location (Pasirlangu) has a moderate level of butterflies diversity (index Shannon-Wiener of 3,434).
Abstract: Septianella G, Peggie Dj, Sasaerila HY. 2015. Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Pasirlangu Village, Cisarua, District of West Bandung, West Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1816-1820.The butterflies are insects that have important role as pollinators and environment bio-indicators. Location of this research was at Pasirlangu, a village located in West Java, Indonesia, dominated by various plantations (vegetables, tea, and flowers). This research was conducted by collecting samples of butterflies along the walking path, at three sites of collections. Results showed 45 species of butterflies of 538 individuals captured at the three locations: first location, Pine Forest (alt.1384 m asl) has Shannon-Wiener index of 3.254; second location, a Tea plantation (alt. 1075 m asl) has the Shannon-Wiener index of 2,908, and the third location, Riparian Forest (alt. 1084 m asl) has Shannon-Wiener index of 4.140. Riverside vegetation was the preferable habitat for butterflies because it consist of various plants. In it concluded that this sampling location (Pasirlangu) has a moderate level of butterflies diversity (index Shannon-Wiener of 3,434).
TL;DR: Amir et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the relationship between nodule, nitrate reductase activity and N uptake in several soybeans (Glycine max L) cultivars.
Abstract: Amir B, Indradewa D, Putra ETS. 2015. Relationship of nodule and nitrate reductase activity with N uptake in some cultivars of soybean (Glycine max). Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1132-1135. This study aimed to learn and know about the relationship between nodule, nitrate reductase activity and N uptake in several soybeans (Glycine max L) cultivars. The experiment was conducted in April-July 2014. The design used in this study was complete randomized block design (RAKL) where each of the factors was repeated three times. There were five studied factors of soybean cultivars, namely: Argomulyo, Baluran, Ijen, Mahameru and Wilis. Different sorts of investigations were made on several tested cultivars such as nitrate reductase activity, N concentration in plants tissues, and plant dry weight. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance, Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT), correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, cluster analysis and traffic analysis (path analysis). Based on the observations on some agronomic and physiological factors it can be reported that Wilis cultivar absorbs the highest N compared to others tested cultivars and uptake of high N is not affected by root nodule, however the occurrence of translocation process of N from the nodule to the entire plant increases the N content in plant tissues and the amount of ANR that enhances the increase of N absorption. Mahameru cultivar showed the highest dry weight of nodule but not accompanied by elevated levels of N network, ANR and uptake of N.
TL;DR: Surni et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted an analysis of spatial and temporal changes in land use, land cover concerning to potential loss of biodiversity in the Tallo Watershed, conducted through comparing the classified satellite images in 1997, 2009 and 2012 with GIS analysis in a period specified.
Abstract: Surni, Baja S, Arsyad I. 2015. Dynamics of changes in land use, land cover to potential loss of biodiversity in the watershed of Tallo, South Sulawesi. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1050-1055. Research analysis of spatial and temporal changes in land use, land cover concerning to potential loss of biodiversity in the Tallo Watershed, conducted through comparing the classified satellite images in 1997, 2009 and 2012 with GIS analysis in a period that has been specified. This study aimed to determine the extent of changing land use concerning to biodiversity potential reduction in downstream of Tallo watershed and promote the use of space in the downstream direction of Tallo watershed. The analysis showed that farming area, 2009.34 ha, in 1997 decreased to 1746.76 ha in 2009 and the settlement area, 6138.10 ha, in 1997 increased to 6400.68 ha in 2009. Within these 12 years, 262.58 ha of the farming area has been declined and 262.58 ha of settlement area has been extended which enhances the conversion of green land into a residential area. Indeed, changes in land use, land cover in the downstream of Tallo watershed has been occurred due to the decline of land use, expansion of green land conversion to settlement area. To minimize the reduction of biodiversity in the downstream of Tallo watershed, conversion of green land to settlement area should be conducted on dry land and open land, conservation of existing green land, recast the residential area with endemic species of Sulawesi.