Showing papers in "Psicothema in 2007"

Youth sport dropout from the achievement goal theory.

Abstract: This study examined dropout behavior, using the conceptual framework of achievement goal theory. We hypothesized that dropout could be predicted by a high ego-oriented goal disposition in combination with a low perception of personal skill and the perception that the coach and sport peers maintained ego-oriented sport success criteria. The participants were 134 adolescent athletes involved in high-level competitive sports participation. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) supported these hypotheses. Furthermore, the variables that directly predicted sport dropout were the participant's ego orientation (positively) and perception of skill (negatively). These findings and the research prospects are discussed.

Estilos de comunicación familiar, actitud hacia la autoridad institucional y conducta violenta del adolescente en la escuela

Abstract: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relacion existente entre determinados factores familiares y escolares, la actitud del adolescente hacia la autoridad institucional y la conducta violenta en la escuela. La muestra se compone de 1.049 adolescentes de ambos sexos y edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 anos. Para el analisis de los datos se ha calculado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que existe una estrecha asociacion entre la comunicacion negativa con el padre y la conducta violenta en la adolescencia. Los datos tambien sugieren que las expectativas del profesor inciden en la actitud del alumno hacia la autoridad institucional, que a su vez se encuentra estrechamente vinculada con la conducta violenta en la escuela. Por ultimo, encontramos una influencia indirecta del padre, la madre y el profesor en el comportamiento violento del hijo-alumno, fundamentalmente a traves de su efecto en el autoconcepto familiar y escolar. Family communication styles, attitude towards institutional authority and adolescents’ violent behaviour at school. The purpose of present study is to analyse the relationship among certain family and school factors, adolescents’ attitude towards institutional authority, and violent behaviour at school. The sample is composed of 1049 adolescents of both sexes and aged from 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Results indicate a close association between negative communication with father and violent behaviour in adolescence. Moreover, data suggest that teachers’ expectations affect students’ attitude towards institutional authority, which in turn is closely related to school violence. Finally, findings show an indirect influence of father, mother and teacher in adolescents’ violent behaviour, mainly through their effect on family- and school-selfconcept.

La adaptación de instrumentos de medida de unas culturas a otras: una perspectiva práctica

Abstract: Test adaptation to other cultures: A practical approach. The aim of this study was to show the practical steps to be followed in the adaptation of instruments for measuring psychological constructs across cultures. For this purpose, the adaptation process of the NEO PI-R from Spanish into Basque is thoroughly described. In order to avoid the sources of error that researchers could encounter during the adaptation process, established guidelines are followed. In the stage which focuses on the empirical validation of the instrument to be used, four studies are described that examine the following aspects: dimensionality, convergent and differential validity, internal consistency of each dimension, and the possible differential item functioning with regard to gender and life stage (youth or adulthood). In the light of the results obtained, we conclude that the Basque version of NEO PI-R guarantees an adequate assessment of personality from the Big Five viewpoint. These studies illustrate how to obtain evidence about the degree of validity of the adapted version of a test, which is the key feature of any adaptation process.

Eficacia de un programa instruccional para la mejora de procesos y estrategias de aprendizaje en la enseñanza superior

Abstract: Evaluating the efficacy of a program to enhance college students’ self-regulation learning processes and learning strategies. The present study examines the efficacy of a program designed to enhance college students’ learning processes and study strategies. The program was organised around a number of letters written by a freshman, Gervasio (Rosario, Nunez, & Gonzalez-Pienda, 2006), telling about his new experiences, troubles, and successes in the university. This intervention program is intended to promote a series of strategies (cognitive, meta-cognitive, and supportive) which allow students to manage their learning processes in a more proficient, successful, and autonomous way. The collected data suggest that students who had the opportunity to follow the program significantly improved their declarative knowledge about learning strategies, reduced their use of surface approaches to study, and extended the newly acquired skills to new and different tasks and assignments.

Physical and psychological aggression in dating relationships in Spanish university students.

Abstract: Agresion fisica y psicologica en las relaciones de noviazgo en universitarios espanoles. En el presente trabajo se analiza la presencia de comportamientos violentos de caracter psicologico y fisico en las relaciones de noviazgo en una muestra de jovenes universitarios espanoles con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 27 anos. Los resultados indican la alta prevalencia de ambos tipos de agresion en las relaciones interpersonales, encontrando diferencias importantes en cuanto a su tipologia entre sexos. Asi, la violencia de caracter psicologico (analizadas por la presencia de agresiones verbales y comportamientos coercitivos y celosos) y la agresion fisica resultaron ser significativamente superiores en el caso de las mujeres, aunque las consecuencias para la salud derivadas de la misma son mas negativas para ellas. Se comentan, asimismo, las implicaciones de los resultados obtenidos y su posible relacion con actos de violencia mas graves en posteriores relaciones emocionales mas estables.

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Inventario de Ansiedad Competitiva CSAI-2R en deportistas

Abstract: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 with athletes. The aim of this work was to develop a Spanish adaptation of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. The scale was translated and its psychometric properties were analyzed with data from a sample of 149 athletes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed which supported a 16-item CSAI-2R assessing the three hypothesised dimensions of anxiety: Somatic anxiety, Cognitive anxiety, and Self-confidence. Overall fit of the model was good with a value of .97 for Comparative and Non-Normed Fit Indexes, and .045 for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation. Cronbach alpha coefficients for the factors ranged from .79 to .83. It is concluded that this version shows adequate properties, in terms of its dimensionality and internal consistency. Guidelines are also provided for future research on its validity as a measure of state anxiety in competitive situations.

A Spanish adaptation of the Parental Stress Scale

Abstract: As a specific measure to assess levels of parental stress is lacking in Spain, the aim of this study was to develop the Spanish version of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS). After translating it from English into Spanish using the forward-backward translation method, it was administered to a sample of 211 first-time parents (105 males and 106 females). A factor analysis was carried out to assess its dimensionality. After refining the scale, we obtained a two-factor solution that accounted for 33.5% of the variance, with the factors Stressors and Parenting Rewards. No gender differences were found either in the scale or in the dimensions. Criterion-related validity was tested by means of correlations with anxiety and depressive symptoms and, with regard to internal consistency, adequate alpha coefficients were obtained for both factors.

Field dependence-independence (FDI) cognitive style:An analysis of attentional functioning

Abstract: Previous research has indicated that field-dependent children display poorer performance than fieldindependent children in almost all academic subjects and cognitive tasks. However, the processes underlying this poorer performance remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess whether children with different FDI cognitive styles show differences in performance of tasks measuring aspects of attentional functioning. Specifically, 149 children aged 8 - 11 years were classified according to FDI cognitive style (field-dependent, intermediate, or field-independent), and to storage capacity (Digits Forward Test), verbal working memory (Digits Backward Test), capacity to focus, shift, and maintain attention (Digit Symbol Test), and capacity for sustained attention (Visual Search and Attention Test). Field-independent children displayed better performance than intermediate and field-dependent children on all tests except the Digits Forward Test. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. Estilo cognitivo dependencia-independencia de campo: un analisis del funcionamiento atencional. Investigaciones previas han indicado que los ninos dependientes de campo obtienen peores rendimientos que los independientes de campo en casi todas las asignaturas escolares y en diferentes tareas cognitivas. Sin embargo, los procesos que subyacen a este peor rendimiento no estan lo suficientemente delimitados. El objetivo de este articulo es analizar si ninos con diferentes estilos cognitivos manifiestan diferencias en tareas que miden aspectos concretos del funcionamiento atencional. Especificamente, se explora el rendimiento de 149 ninos entre 8 y 11 anos en cuatro tareas que evaluan, capacidad de almacenamiento (Digitos en orden directo), memoria de trabajo verbal (Digitos en orden inverso), capacidad para dirigir, cambiar y mantener la atencion (Claves) y atencion sostenida (Test de atencion y busqueda visual). Los resultados indican que los ninos independientes de campo mostraron un mejor rendimiento que los dependientes de campo y los del grupo intermedio en todas las tareas a excepcion de la prueba de Digitos en orden directo. Se discuten algunas implicaciones para la teoria y la practica.

Influencia de las variables psicológicas en el deporte de competición : evaluación mediante el cuestionario "Características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo"

Abstract: El objetivo de esta investigacion fue analizar la influencia de variables psicologicas en la consecucion de exito, la continuidad a largo plazo y la ocurrencia de lesiones, en el contexto del deporte de competicion. Se realizaron tres estudios con judokas, jugadores de futbol y nadadores, utilizando como instrumento de evaluacion el cuestionario Caracteristicas Psicologicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). Los analisis realizados mostraron asociaciones estadisticamente significativas entre la percepcion de control del estres y de la autoconfianza; y la obtencion de exito, la continuidad a largo plazo en el deporte de competicion y la ocurrencia de lesiones. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia del entrenamiento de habilidades psicologicas para favorecer el rendimiento deportivo y la prevencion de lesiones, asi como la utilizacion del cuestionario CPRD que, con un numero reducido de items, ofrece una medicion de un amplio rango de variables psicologicas en el contexto especifico del deporte. The influence of psychological variables on sports performance: Assessment with the Questionnaire of Sports Performance-related Psychological Characteristics. The purpose of this research was to observe the relationship among psychological variables and three important issues in sports competition: achieving success, long-term continuance and sustaining injuries. Three studies were carried out with three groups of athletes from the areas of judo, football and swimming, using the Questionnaire of Sports Performance-related Psychological Characteristics as the measuring instrument. The analyses carried out revealed significantly statistical associations between the perception of stress control and of self-confidence, and between achieving success, long-term continuance in competition sports and sustaining injuries. These results indicate the importance of psychological skills training to aid sports performance and prevent injuries, as well as the use of the above-mentioned questionnaire, which, with a limited number of items, measures a wide range of psychological variables in the specific context of sports.

Intervenciones con cuidadores de familiares mayores dependientes: una revisión

Abstract: Se revisan los estudios de intervencion con cuidadores de familiares mayores dependientes. Se realizo una busqueda en bases de datos nacionales (PortalMayores, Psicodoc, Psyke) e internacionales (Ageline, Cochrane Library, Medline, Psycinfo) de estudios aleatorizados, publicados entre 1980 y 2004, que intentan reducir el malestar emocional de los cuidadores. La mayoria de las intervenciones se centran en cuidadores de personas con demencia y los cuidadores suelen ser mujeres. Los cuidadores son un grupo de dificil acceso. Los objetivos y contenidos de las intervenciones varian mucho y no siempre estan bien definidos. Los efectos encontrados son modestos. Se alcanzan resultados significativos en la reduccion del malestar ante problemas conductuales, pero es dificil mejorar los niveles de depresion. Las intervenciones psicoterapeuticas son moderadamente eficaces. En conclusion, las futuras intervenciones deberian determinar con claridad el marco teorico, asi como sus objetivos y utilizar unos periodos de seguimiento mas amplios. Interventions for caregivers of older and dependent adults: A review. Studies of intervention for caregivers of older and dependent relatives are reviewed. National (PortalMayores, Psicodoc, Psyke) and international (Ageline, Cochrane Library, Medline, Psycinfo) databases were searched for randomized studies, published from 1980 to 2004, that attempt to reduce emotional distress in caregivers. Most intervention studies focus on caregivers of dementia patients and these caregivers are usually females. Caregivers are not an easy group to access. Intervention objectives and contents vary widely and they are not always well defined. The reported effects are moderate. Studies achieve significant outcomes in reducing distress from behavioural problems, but it is difficult to improve depression levels. Psychotherapeutic interventions have shown moderate efficacy. To conclude, future intervention studies should determine the theoretical framework clearly, as well as the goals, and should use more extensive followup periods.

Job demands, job resources and individual innovation at work: going beyond Karasek's model?

Abstract: The job demands-control model is one of the most recognized models in occupational stress research. It has, however, provided contradictory results, and the active learning hypothesis derived from this model has been under-researched in comparison with research on the stress hypothesis. The main aim of this study is to test the Job Demands Resources Model in the prediction of individual innovation at work as an active coping strategy. Results with hierarchical multiple regression analyses provide empirical support for this model. We found a positive relationship between job demands and individual innovation in situations characterized by high job resources. Finally, we discuss the limitations and practical implications of this study.

The commitment of young soccer players.

Abstract: The commitment of young soccer players. The main purpose of this study was to test the Sport Com- mitment Model in young soccer players. Participants' (N= 437) age ranged from 14 to 16 years. Based on the sport commitment model proposed by Scanlan and colleagues, 6 scales and 28-items constitute the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ). Results of this study provide some support for the relia- bility and validity of the SCQ, using a sample of young soccer players. Reliability analysis provided acceptable internal consistency for four scales: Sport Commitment, Sport Enjoyment, Involvement Al- ternatives and Social Constraints. Sport Enjoyment (s= .56, p<.001) and Involvement Alternatives (s= -.40, p<.001) were the strongest sport commitment predictors. Further studies with a broader age range, different genders, and other sports or competitive levels are required to continue analyzing the sport commitment model. Compromiso deportivo en futbolistas jovenes. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue probar el mo- delo de compromiso deportivo en jovenes futbolistas. Participaron 437 jugadores de futbol con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 16 anos. El Cuestionario de Compromiso Deportivo esta compuesto de 6 subescalas y 28 items y tiene su fundamentacion teorica en el modelo de compromiso deportivo pro- puesto por Scanlan y colaboradores. Los resultados muestran un grado de fiabilidad y validez adecua- das. Los analisis de fiabilidad muestran consistencia interna para cuatro de las subescalas: diversion deportiva, compromiso deportivo, alternativas a la implicacion y coacciones sociales. La diversion de- portiva (s=.56, p<.001) y las alternativas a la implicacion (s=-.40, p<.001) son los predictores mas po- tentes del compromiso. Son necesarios mas estudios con distintos generos, rangos de edad, deportes y niveles competitivos para continuar el estudio del modelo de compromiso deportivo.

Perfil psicopatológico diferencial de las víctimas de violencia de pareja en función de la edad

Abstract: En este articulo se han estudiado las repercusiones psicopatologicas de la violencia de pareja en la mujer en funcion de la edad en una muestra de 148 victimas en un Servicio para Victimas de Violencia Familiar Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que las victimas mas jovenes sufrian maltrato fisico mas a menudo y estaban expuestas a un mayor riesgo para sus vidas que las victimas de mas edad La tasa de prevalencia del TEPT era mas alta en las victimas mas jovenes (42%) que en las mayores (27%) Asimismo, las victimas de menor edad mostraban mas sintomas depresivos y tenian una autoestima menor que las mas mayores A su vez, la gravedad del TEPT en las victimas jovenes estaba relacionada con la presencia de relaciones sexuales forzadas; en las victimas mayores, sin embargo, se relacionaba mas con la percepcion de amenaza para sus vidas Por ultimo, se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la practica clinica y para las investigaciones futuras

Validación de la versión modificada de la Conflicts Tactics Scale (M-CTS) en población juvenil española

Abstract: Validation of the modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (M-CTS) in a Spanish population of youths. The modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (M-CTS), originally created by Straus in 1979, is one of the most extensively used instruments to detect violent verbal and physical behaviours in youths’ and adolescents’ dating relations. The aim of the present work was to analyze the psychometric properties of the instrument and to validate its adequacy in the Spanish population. The sample was made up of 5,355 Spanish youths from the Community of Madrid, ages between 16 and 26 years. By means of confirmatory factor analysis, four factors that were consistent with the theory and with previous research were identified: arguments, psychological/verbal aggression, slight physical aggression, and severe physical aggression. It is concluded that the scale assesses the presence of various types of aggression in youths’ and adolescents’ dating relationships with sufficient psychometric guarantees.

Acoso laboral: meta-análisis y modelo integrador de sus antecedentes y consecuencias

Abstract: Mobbing: A meta-analysis and integrative model of its antecedents and consequences. Although mobbing has been extensively studied, empirical research has not led to firm conclusions regarding its antecedents and consequences, both at personal and organizational levels. An extensive literature search yielded 86 empirical studies with 93 samples. The matrix correlation obtained through meta-analytic techniques was used to test a structural equation model. Results supported hypotheses regarding organizational environmental factors as main predictors of mobbing.

Criterios, indicadores y estándares para la acreditación de profesores titulares y catedráticos de Universidad

Abstract: Criteria, indicators and standards of accreditation of tenured University professors in Spain. The purpose of the work is to establish the criteria, indicators and standards of accreditation of the tenured university professors according to the opinion of Associate Professors and Professors. It is a cross-sectional study of the populations by means of surveys with probabilistic samples. The sample consisted of 1,294 university professors of whom 72% were Associate Professors and 28% Professors. The sample was selected by proportional cluster random sampling (the Full Professors’ types and the fields of knowledge). A survey was used to establish criteria, indicators, and standards for each type of professor. The results show different standards according to the criteria in different fields of knowledge. Qualitative differences (according to the criteria) and quantitative differences (according to the standards) to accredit Associate Professors and Professors were found.

Dimensional structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory with Spanish college students

Abstract: Inventory es un autoinforme que permite evaluar sintomas de trastornos psicologicos en jovenes y adultos. En el presente estudio se analizo la estructura dimensional del cuestionario mediante analisis factorial confirmatorio. La muestra utilizada fueron 1.033 estudiantes universitarios de entre 18 y 30 anos, pertenecientes a distintas facultades y centros adscritos de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se testaron dos hipotesis: la distribucion original de los items en nueve factores y la unidimensionalidad del cuestionario. Los resultados obtenidos parecen confirmar la estructura de nueve factores, si bien las fuertes correlaciones entre las subescalas indican que estas evaluan constructos muy relacionados. Se discuten tambien la importancia de las diferencias culturales al evaluar sintomas psicologicos y la necesidad desarrollar datos normativos en funcion del pais y del sexo.

Evaluación de la violencia escolar y su afectación personal en una muestra de estudiantes europeos

Abstract: Assessment of school violence and its personal effect on a sample of European students. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of various problems of living together and school violence in a sample of 1629 pupils of Spain, Austria, France, and Hungary. The personal effect of these problems was also analyzed. The results obtained indicate a high prevalence of various school harassment behaviors (such as insults, fights, lack of rules for living together, etc.) in Austria, France, and Spain, being significantly lower in Hungary. As far as the personal effect, along with abusive behaviors among students, the students consider lack of motivation and troubled relations with teaching staff to be very significant.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Detección de Sexismo en Adolescentes (DSA)

Abstract: La violencia de genero contra las mujeres tiene una naturaleza principalmente sociocultural. En este articulo estudiamos las propiedades psicometricas de una escala creada con el objetivo de detectar el sexismo en adolescentes (DSA). Participaron 245 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 anos. Se realizaron analisis factoriales de la escala, encontrando que diferencia de manera adecuada entre las dos dimensiones de sexismo identificadas en la actualidad —hostil y benevolo—. Asimismo, encontramos evidencia de validez convergente con el ASI. En general, las puntuaciones son mas elevadas en sexismo benevolo que en hostil, diferencia que se acentua de manera destacada en las mujeres. Tomando los resultados en conjunto, la escala DSA es un instrumento valido para medir el sexismo en adolescentes. Se comparan estos resultados con los obtenidos en este y otros estudios utilizando el ASI y se discute su potencialidad para detectar el sexismo en adolescentes de manera apropiada. Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sexism Detection (ASD) Scale. In this article, it is assumed that gender violence, or violence against women, has mainly a sociocultural basis. A scale (Adolescent Sexism Detection; ASD) to detect sexism in adolescents was developed and its psychometric properties were analysed. 245 adolescents between 14 and 17 years of age participated in the study. As a result of the factor analyses carried out, the hostile and benevolent dimensions of sexism were clearly differentiated. Convergent validity of the scale was confirmed by its high correlations with the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). Participants scored higher in benevolent than in hostile sexism, an effect even stronger in female participants. These findings suggest that the ASD scale is a valid instrument to measure sexism among adolescents. The main findings of this study are compared to those obtained in other studies using the ASI. The potential of this scale to appropriately detect sexism among adolescents is discussed.

La productividad científica y el índice "h" de Hirchs de la psicología social española: convergencia entre indicadores de productividad y comparación con otras áreas

Abstract: Scientific productivity and Hirsch's h Index of Spanish social psychology: Convergence between productivity indexes and comparison with other areas. This article describes Hirsch's h index as a measure of researchers' scientific productivity and quality, examining its convergent validity with other productivity and quality measures (total citations, maximum citation, sexennials, years since earning ,Ph.D., and years as a full professor). It shows the distribution of the index among Spanish Social Psychology professors, and a comparison is made among the ten professors with highest h index of the six knowledge areas into which academic Psychology is divided in Spain. The results show that the index largely correlates with the citations but only very modestly with the number of sexennial investigations. The distributions by areas show that Psychobiology and Basic Psychology, as a whole, have a higher h index than the other areas, with Social Psychology in fourth place. Lastly, we discuss the implications of these results and we offer some recommendations for using the index in academic and research decision making.

La satisfacción y el bienestar psicológico como antecedentes del compromiso organizacional

Abstract: El proposito de este estudio consiste en analizar minuciosamente el papel del compromiso de los empleados en la Administracion publica y reflejar que repercusiones provoca en la institucion. Para ello, se incluye en una linea de investigacion donde un conjunto de variables como la satisfaccion laboral, la satisfaccion por la vida y el bienestar psicologico se utilizan como antecedentes del compromiso. Para conseguir nuestro objetivo se aplico un cuestionario a una muestra de 697 trabajadores pertenecientes a la Administracion publica. Los resultados reflejan que la mayor influencia se produce en la satisfaccion laboral, seguido de la satisfaccion por la vida y bienestar psicologico. Mas aun, resaltamos el impacto que tiene el trabajo dinamico en la decision del empleado de comprometerse con la entidad Satisfaction and psychological well-being as antecedents of organisational commitment. The role of organisational commitment in public administration and its repercussions on the institution are examined in this study. It reports part of a larger research project that studies job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being as antecedents of organisational commitment. Data were collected from 697 public-sector employees, using questionnaires. Results showed that job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being were strong predictors of organisational commitment. Higher levels of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being were associated with more favourable perceptions of organisational commitment. Furthermore, this study highlights the impact of dynamic work on the employee’s commitment.

El papel modulador de la implicación con el trabajo en la relación entre el estrés y la satisfacción laboral

Abstract: The job involvement modulating role in the relationship between stress and job satisfaction. This paper analyzes the modulator role of job involvement in the relationship between stress and job satisfaction, using the OSI (Occupational Stress Indicator) model. For this purpose, we analyzed: six sources of stress, the OSI job satisfaction results, and a job involvement scale. The sample consisted of 779 professional soldiers from the Spanish Army. The results show that when the levels of the two dimensions job involvement (psychological identification and job-related feelings of duty-obligation are high, stress due to achievements and career development and social relationships will have no influence on job satisfaction. However, we found higher job satisfaction, even when stress is high, in those situations where psychological identification is low and job-related feelings of duty-obligation are high.

Relación entre factores psicosociales adversos, evaluados a través del cuestionario multidimensional Decore, y salud laboral deficiente

Abstract: El articulo describe la investigacion que tuvo como objetivo buscar la posible relacion entre salud y calidad de vida de los trabajadores, y diferentes factores psicosociales: Demandas cognitivas, Control, Recompensas y Apoyo organizacional. Los factores psicosociales fueron evaluados a traves del Cuestionario Multidimensional DECORE, por el que se obtienen cinco puntuaciones, una para cada uno de los factores, y una puntuacion global. La salud del trabajador se midio a traves de las variables: satisfaccion laboral, percepcion de estres, percepcion de fatiga, baja medica, accidentes laborales y enfermedad. Se evaluaron 614 trabajadores de distintos sectores de actividad. Los resultados muestran que los empleados que se sienten fatigados, estresados y poco satisfechos perciben su entorno laboral de forma mas adversa. Similares resultados se obtuvieron para aquellos trabajadores que presentan una baja laboral, han sufrido un accidente de trabajo o estan enfermos.

Cómo ajustar e interpretar modelos multinivel con SPSS

Abstract: Los modelos jerarquicos o multinivel permiten analizar datos cuando los casos estan agrupados en unidades de informacion mas amplias y se toman medidas tanto en el nivel mas bajo (los casos) como en los niveles mas altos (los grupos) En este trabajo se describen los modelos multinivel comunmente tratados en la literatura estadistica y se explica como ajustarlos utilizando el SPSS (cualquier version a partir de la 11) y como interpretar los resultados En concreto se describen, ajustan e interpretan los siguientes modelos: (1) analisis de varianza de un factor de efectos aleatorios, (2) analisis de regresion con medias como resultados, (3) analisis de covarianza de un factor de efectos aleatorios, (4) analisis de regresion con coeficientes aleatorios y (5) analisis de regresion con medias y pendientes como resultados Todos los modelos se describen intentando hacerlos comprensibles para los investigadores en ciencias del comportamiento y la salud

Psychosocial sources of stress and burnout in the construction sector: a structural equation model.

Abstract: This study develops and tests a structural equation model of social stress factors in the construction industry. Leadership behaviours, role conflict and mobbing behaviours are considered exogenous sources of stress; the experience of tension and burnout are considered mediator variables; and psychological well-being, propensity to quit and perceived quality are the final dependent variables. A sample of Spanish construction workers participated voluntarily and anonymously in the study. After considering the indices of modification, leadership showed direct effects on the propensity to quit and perceived quality. The overall fit of the model is adequate (χ2(13)= 10.69, p= .637, GFI= .975, AGFI= .93, RMR= .230, NFI= .969, TLI= 1.016, CFI= 1.000, RMSEA= .329). Construction has been considered a sector characterized more by high physical risks than socially-related risks. In this context, these findings about the effects of social sources of stress in construction raise new questions about the organizational characteristics of the sector and their psychosocial risks.

Participación en el deporte y fair play

Abstract: Sports participation and fair play. This study examined whether the participation in intermediate contact sports affects the opinions about the behaviors and attitudes of fair play in the sports context and ,whether these effects are influenced by ego orientation. The participants were high level sportsmen from university and professional basketball and football players (N = 131). They filled in questionnaires to assess their participation in sports, their goal orientations, and their fair play attitudes and behaviors. The analyses of the structural equation model indicated that participation in intermediate contact sports predicted ego orientation; these analyses consecutively predicted low levels of fair play. The direct effects of sports participation in fair play decreased significantly in the presence of ego orientation, indicating that the last construct partially mediates the relation between the first two variables. These discoveries help us to better understand the processes that operate in contact sports. Finally, their implications for eliminating unsportsmanlike behaviors are discussed.

Reflexiones sobre el sistema de acreditación del profesorado funcionario de Universidad en España

Abstract: Reflections on the Accreditation System of tenured University Professors in Spain. The article analyses the way that Spanish university professors are selected. It emphasises the need to improve this system, as the examination processes in the last few years have been arbitrary. Since the University Organic Law was reformed, the current National Qualification process has been turned into an Accreditation System of tenured University Professors. As a result, guidelines are needed to guarantee the validity and reliability of the evaluation system. The guidelines focus on: (a) the criteria and the standards of evaluation ;( b) the evaluation process; (c) the candidates; (d) the commission members; and (e) the scientific productivity standards. Additionally, some of the aspects of the scientific policy related to the Accreditation System of tenured Professors are analysed and commented upon. These aspects are accreditation according to the offer and demand of the universities and the Mprocess of consideration for eventual access to the university.

Implementation intentions: a look back at fifteen years of progress.

Abstract: Implementation intentions are if-then plans that spell out when, where, and how a set goal has to be put into action: "If situation x is encountered, then I will perform behavior y!", thereby linking a critical situation with a goal-directed behavior. Over the last fifteen years, implementation intentions, as compared to simple goal intentions ("I intend to reach z!"), have demonstrated their effectiveness as self-regulation strategies in promoting desired behaviors or when unpleasant actions have to be carried ,out. By forming implementation intentions, the control of unwanted influences (e.g., temptations, bad habits, adverse self-states) on an ongoing goal pursuit can also be facilitated. Furthermore, implementation intentions have been shown to ease goal-directed actions in critical populations such as patients with a frontal brain lesion, schizophrenic patients, and opiate addicts in withdrawal, for whom the initiation problems of the goaldirected action are more accentuated.

Picture priming in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: Picture priming in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. The present study investigated age invariance for naming pictures and whether implicit memory is spared in Alzheimer's disease (AD). During the study phase, young adults, AD patients, and older controls were shown outlines of familiar pictures. ,After a distracter task, implicit memory was assessed incidentally. The results showed similar visual priming for the three groups, although young adults responded faster than the two older groups. Moreover, the number of errors was smaller for studied than for nonstudied pictures. This pattern of results was repeated across the three groups, although AD patients produced more errors than young adults and older controls, and there were no differences between these latter groups. These results confirmed previous visual and haptic findings showing unimpaired perceptual priming in normal aging and AD patients when implicit memory is assessed using identification tasks. These results are interpreted from a cognitive neuroscience perspective.

Escalas de masculinidad y feminidad: estado actual de la cuestión

Abstract: Masculinity and femininity scales: Current state of the art. A theoretical and empirical review of masculinity and femininity scales was carried out after 30 years of their existence. Hypotheses to be tested were: (a) muldimensionality versus bidimensionality; (b) inadequate percentage of variance accounted for (less than 50%); (c) inconsistency between factor structure and the dualistic model. 618, 200 and 287 students took part in each of the three studies that were carried out. Factorial analyses (PAF) were performed. Results support multidimensionality, unsatisfactory percentage of variance accounted for, and lack of congruence between obtained factors and the dualistic model. All these data were analysed within the context of the twofold sex and gender reality model.