Showing papers in "Pure and Applied Geophysics in 1969"
TL;DR: In this article, the global distribution of the lunar barometric tide was investigated by spherical harmonic analysis, based on 104 stations for the annual mean, and on 85 stations for three seasons, and it was shown that the amplitude at the same distances from the equator is greater in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Abstract: The global distribution of the lunar barometric tideL
2 is investigated by spherical harmonic analysis, based on 104 stations for the annual mean, and on 85 stations for the three seasons. The main wave ofL
2 is the one with wave number 2, but for a detailed study of the irregularities of the global distribution ofL
2, waves with other wave numbers have also to be considered. Even the main wave ofL
2 is asymmetric to the equator with the two lunar-daily pressure maxima occurring earlier in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. The amplitudes at the same distances from the equator are greater in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. These hemispheric differences are most pronounced during the D season. As found in earlier investigations the phase consiant ofL
2 is always greater during the J season than during the D season. But the amplitudes are greatest during the J season only north of 30oS. Farther south the amplitude maximum occurs during the D season.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the total potential between the ground and the upper atmosphere increases for several days after solar flares, and that the cause of the phenomenon is presumed to be enhanced thunderstorm activity attendant on solar disturbances.
Abstract: Recordings of potential gradient and air-earth current in fair-weather conditions were made at high-elevation mountain stations; the latter were generally above the vertical-mixing layer and not disturbed by local sources. Both electrical quantities increased significantly from the day of appearance of a solar flare (or a maximum incidence of flares) till the fourth day after the event. Peak potential gradient and air-earth current exceed the ‘normal levels’ measured during quiet-sun conditions by 50–60% in terms of averages. This result was compared with sferics incidence data and daily geomagnetic coefficients grouped around the selected (flare) dates. Both of the latter quantities show time histories (for the days preceding and following the selected dates) closely correlated with the atmospheric-electrical histories of the same intervals. We may conclude from these results that the total potential between the ground and the upper atmosphere increases for several days after solar flares. The results obtained by previous studies on Mauna Loa confirm this inference. The cause of the phenomenon is presumed to be enhanced thunderstorm activity attendant on solar disturbances.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, phase velocities along several paths in southeastern Europe and along one path in the Eastern Mediterranean have been made in the period range 15 to 60 sec for the fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves.
Abstract: Measurements of phase velocities along several paths in southeastern Europe and along one path in the Eastern Mediterranean have been made in the period range 15 to 60 sec for the fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves. The data are fitted by layered models of the crust and upper mantle. The crust in the Balkan peninsula is thicker than the normal continental crust by about 10 km while the crust in the northern Aegean Sea has the normal continental thickness. The existence of a low shear velocity layer of thickness equal to 140 km with its top in a depth of 90 km interpretes the data well for the longer periods. The data for the eastern Mediterranean show that this region has an oceanic character. The mean crustal thickness in this area is of the order of 20 km.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the system of physical equations describing temperature changes near the ground in fog-free air as well as in radiation fog is solved numerically and the variation of the exchange coefficient with height is taken into account using different models.
Abstract: The system of physical equations describing temperature changes near the ground in fog-free air as well as in radiation fog is solved numerically. The variation of the exchange coefficient with height is taken into account using different models while time variations are still disregarded. Temperature changes due to latent heat effects are incorporated in this study. Moreover, the presence of radiative flux divergence is included in an approximate manner. The solution of the problem is presented in terms of graphs showing the development of temperature and water droplet profiles as function of time and height. Computed liquid water content as well as temperature profiles are in general agreement with observations while the vertical growth of fog usually proceeds too rapidly. Concrete suggestions are given of how to improve the model.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions under which Love wave can propagate in a non-homogeneous internal stratum of finite depth lying between two semi-infinite isotropic elastic media are considered.
Abstract: The conditions under which Love type ofSH waves can propagate in a non-homogeneous internal stratum of finite depth lying between two semi-infinite isotropic elastic media are considered in this paper. Two types of non-homogeneity have been studied, in one case the rigidity is supposed to vary exponentially with depth while the density remains constant and in the other both rigidity and density are assumed to vary linearly with depth.
41 citations
TL;DR: A study of the mean atmospheric humidity conditions on a planetary scale during the IGY covering the calendar year 1958 is presented in this article, where the fields of mean precipitable water content and of the zonal and meridional transports of water vapor are analyzed for the entire globe.
Abstract: A study of the mean atmospheric humidity conditions on a planetary scale during the IGY covering the calendar year 1958 is presented. The fields of mean precipitable water content and of the zonal and meridional transports of water vapor are analyzed for the entire globe. Zonally averaged values of the various quantities at several levels are presented in tabular form and compared whenever possible with previous results or indirectly are analyzed on the basis of information obtained from different sources. The structure of these fields is studied and the corresponding implications for the general circulations of the atmosphere are discussed. Finally the zonal water balance for all the globe is discussed and its implications analyzed.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the case histories of some active volcanoes in various parts of the world are analyzed from the standpoint of their being observations of point events in a time continuum, and a simulated series of outbreaks with exponentially distributed intervals between events was produced.
Abstract: The case histories of some active volcanoes in various parts of the world are analyzed from the standpoint of their being observations of point events in a time continuum. The eruptive histories of the three Japanese volcanoes included show trend in the rate of occurrence of outbreaks. The possible existence of trend in rate of occurrence of events was found for certain Lower Cretaceous bentonites of Wyoming. The data investigated for Etna derive from a period of persistent activity and here also trend in the rate of occurrence of ejections could be identified. The remaining volcanoes studied do not display significant trend in the rate of occurence of outbreaks over the time interval available. Various statistical tests indicate, that although some of the non-trend volcanoes may be fairly closely approximated as regards rate of occurrence of eruptions by the plausible Poisson model, none agree in all respects with the requirements of this process. The patterns of activity of volcanoes found to differ greatly from the Poisson model are complicated kinds of point processes, but owing to the shortness of the series available and their rather unsatisfactory accuracy, it is not possible to be explicit as to their precise nature. In order to elucidate some aspects of the analysis, a simulated series of outbreaks with exponentially distributed intervals between events was produced. The general scheme of analysis adopted has been firstly to test for trend; if trend in the rate of occurrence of events does not occur, the series have been tested for dependence. If there is no dependence between events, tests for agreement with a Poisson model have been carried out, with a negative conclusion leading to a test for agreement with some kind of renewal process. In order to provide a comparison with another type of natural phenomenon of a random nature, the earthquakes occurring in Fennoscandia over the period 1891 to 1950 were analyzed by the same methods. Perhaps surprisingly, the 322 shocks registered during this time (shocks≧3.0 on the Gutenberg-Richter scale) show an indication of trend with a tendency for a decrease in the rate of occurrence of shocks. The eruption pattern of Mauna Loa is thought to be approximately a simple Poisson process. The patterns for Semeru, Bromo and Peak of Ternate seem to be reasonably consistent with a renewal process model, but appear to differ from a Poisson process. The Indonesian volcanoes have several features in common, among these a high coefficient of variation for the times between eruptions. It is tentatively suggested that this may be of some genetic significance. It is possible, that the Indonesian volcanoes erupt in accordance with a pattern approximating to some kind of stationary point process.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the average change in height of several constant pressure levels in the troposphere and lower stratosphere after a strong solar flare was described, covering the northern hemisphere north of 10°N and is based on a sample of 81 carefully selected flares from the period July 1957 through December 1959.
Abstract: The average change in height of several constant pressure levels in the troposphere and lower stratosphere after a strong solar flare is described. The analysis covers the northern hemisphere north of 10°N and is based on a sample of 81 carefully selected flares from the period July 1957 through December 1959.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the amount of stratospheric air intruding into the stable layer of the jet stream front in a case of cyclogenesis not accompanied by surface radioactive fallout is examined on a more general basis.
Abstract: In a previous studyReiter andMahlman [37]3) have estimated the amount of stratospheric air intruding into the stable layer of the jet stream front in a case of cyclogenesis not accompanied by surface radioactive fallout. In the present report the same case is examined on a more general basis. Outflow from, as well as inflow into, the stratosphere is estimated over the entire thickness of the ‘tropopause gap’.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of a microwave radiation field contained within a plasma dielectric sphere, resonant at a frequency much greater than the electron-molecule collision frequency, is presented and its properties discussed.
Abstract: A model for ball lightning is presented and its properties discussed. The model is that of a microwave radiation field contained within a plasma dielectric sphere, resonant at a frequency much greater than the electron-molecule collision frequency. Calculations are made of the energy stored in the microwave field, the electron temperature, the rate of energy loss due to ionization, and the effects of recombination. It is concluded (a) that a self-consistent set of conditions can be obtained only when the neutral density within the sphere is much lower than atmospheric, and (b) that the microwave field strength required is of the order of 109V/m. Under these conditions the radiation pressure becomes comparable to that of the atmosphere; the second case investigated is when these two become equal. It is then found that this ‘radiation bubble’ appears to satisfy the requirements imposed on energy storage and dissipation, recombination and resonant frequency. The electron density in such a bubble is found to be typically 1011 cm−3 and the stored energy typically 103 Joules. A discussion is given of some of the problems associated with the model-formation, stability, neutral number density, and the problem of hydrostatic equilibrium.
27 citations
TL;DR: Induced anisotropy has been measured in a number of igneous rocks with a range of palaeomagnetic stabilities and in magnetite powders of controlled grain sizes, dispersed in plaster or kaolin specimens which were mechanically deformed to produce instrinsic magnetic anisotropic by grain alignment.
Abstract: An induced anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results from the domain alignment which is produced by treating stationary specimens in a strong alternating field. Appreciable domain re-orientation occurs in fields as low as 50 oersteds and the effect must therefore normally be an important part of the process of alternating field demagnetization. Induced anisotropy has been measured in a number of igneous rocks with a range of palaeomagnetic stabilities and in magnetite powders of controlled grain sizes, dispersed in plaster or kaolin specimens which were mechanically deformed to produce instrinsic magnetic anisotropy by grain alignment. The saturation magnitude of the induced anisotropy is not a function of grain size but the saturating field required increases with decreasing grain size. In the larger grains, induced anisotropy is a function of grain orientation.
TL;DR: A short term heat balance study made on the Lemon Glacier, Juneau Icefield, Alaska is described in this article, showing that the net radiation over all wavelengths contributed 49% of the energy required to give the observed melting of the firn, the latent heat 8%, and the sensible heat a large 43%.
Abstract: A short term heat balance study made on the Lemon Glacier, Juneau Icefield, Alaska is described. Of the energy required to give the observed melting of the firn the net radiation over all wavelengths contributed 49%, the latent heat 8%, and the sensible heat a large 43%. The approximate equality between the net radiative component and the total eddy heat transfer is similar to the results of a previous determination on an Alaskan glacier in summer, though the latent and sensible heat proportions are different in each case.
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative microspectrophotometric analysis of 287 atmospheric dust samples taken within the surface boundary layer over south central New Mexico, U.S.A. from May 1966 through October 1967 is presented.
Abstract: Based on the qualitative microspectrophotometric analysis of 287 atmospheric dust samples taken within the surface boundary layer over south central New Mexico, U.S.A. from May 1966 through October 1967, a representative infrared absorption spectrum from 4000 to 250 cm−1 (2.5 to 40 μm) is presented. The strongest absorption band is centered at 1027 cm−1 (9,7 μm), within the 1250 to 770 cm−1 (8 to 13 μm) atmospheric window, and is silicate induced. Two other strong broad absorption bands are the carbonate band at 1425 cm−1 (7.0 μm) and the silicate band at 468 cm−1 (21.4 μm). Temporal variations in the absorption spectra of the dust are observed primarily in the varying relative intensities of the 1027 and 1425 cm−1 (9.7 and 7.0 μm) absorption bands and in the occasional enhancement of the 1027 cm−1 (9.7 μm) band caused by sulfates in the dust. This study indicates that there is a close similarity between the absorption spectra of the atmospheric dust and the spectra of the small particle fraction of area soils, and between the representative dust spectrum and a spectrum of a synthetic mixture (by weight) of 80% silicates, 16% carbonates, and 4% nitrates.
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt was made to determine the optimum representation of the geomagnetic field in terms of spherical harmonics with regard to the number of parameters required for an adequate accuracy of fit, and considering the effect of allowing for the oblateness of the earth.
Abstract: An attempt is made to determine the optimum representation of the geomagnetic field in terms of spherical harmonics with regard to the number of parameters required for an adequate accuracy of fit, and considering the effect of allowing for the oblateness of the earth. A representative set of geomagnetic data was subjected to a set of analyses with from 8 to 120 coefficients for both spherical and oblate models of the earth. It is concluded that a sixth order analysis (48 coefficients) with no allowance for oblateness is the most compact representation of the field compatible with tolerable accuracy.
TL;DR: Stresses produced due to a moving load over the plane surface (supposed to be rough) of a semi-infinite transversely isotropic medium have been calculated in this paper.
Abstract: Stresses produced due to a moving load over the plane surface (supposed to be rough) of a semi-infinite transversely isotropic medium have been calculated in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the vertical mixing and transport processes are studied, and their variation as influenced by atmospheric fine-structure conditions investigated, using data gathered from simultaneous measurements of RaB and RaC concentration in the ambient air at three mountain stations located close to each other horizontally, but at markedly differing levels (730, 1780 and 2960 m).
Abstract: Vertical mixing and transport processes are studied, and their variation as influenced by atmospheric fine-structure conditions investigated, using data gathered from simultaneous measurements of RaB and RaC concentration in the ambient air at three mountain stations located close to each other horizontally, but at markedly differing levels (730, 1780 and 2960 m). RaB was used as a tracer on account of the high sensitivity to variations of vertical-mixing activity evidenced by RaB abundance figures. Strong inversions between 700 and 2500 m a.s.l. create a ‘zero condition’ at the higher level, where only 0.1% of the low-level RaB reading obtains; active turbulent mixing, on the other hand, leads to nearly equal RaB readings at the two levels. The vertical gradient of concentration of RaB is used to compute mean vertical-mass-exchange coefficients; the latter are studied in their relation to atmospheric structure characteristics. Statistical studies indicate that the barring effect of inversions is related solely to the magnitude of the inverse temperature gradient. Problems of radioactive equilibrium RaB-RaC are discussed, and the significance of aerosol particle size taken into consideration.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data from focal mechanism solutions obtained by different authors and those of 8 fault-plane solutions found in this study have been used to search for the distribution of the main stress axes in Iran.
Abstract: Data from focal mechanism solutions obtained by different authors and those of 8 fault-plane solutions found in this study have been used to search for the distribution of the main stress axes in Iran. For this purpose, the area has been divided into three regions as southern, central and northern Iran. The results indicate that the characteristics of the motion at the foci are different in each of the three regions. — By examining the B axes in south Iranian earthquakes, direction of tectonic motion has been obtained as N 66°E. Since the maximum and intermediate stress axes are nearly horizontal, it is concluded that focal movements in this region are of reverse fault type. Thus, there is a similarity between recent crustal movements and those occurring during Alpine orogeny which is in the form of an overthrusting to the southwest. — In central Iran earthquakes however, tension is predominant, and, therefore, in this region faultings are dip-slip normal or strike-slip, and the horizontal components of displacements are dextral. The mean direction of maximum tension axes is nearly perpendicular to the central Iranian complexes. — It is deduced from north Iranian shocks that, in this region, the earthquakes studied are of nearly almost pressural type, and horizontal components of the oblique displacements in foci are sinistral.
TL;DR: In this article, a modification ofNatanson's three-body recombination theory is used to determine empirical values of the ion-ion trapping distance and a modified theory is shown to predict accurately the altitude variation of electrical conductivity in the troposphere.
Abstract: A modification ofNatanson's three-body recombination theory is used to determine empirical values of the ion-ion trapping distance. The modified theory is shown to predict accurately the altitude variation of electrical conductivity in the troposphere. The empirical trapping distance for ion-ion recombination is then used to determine the ion-aerosol trapping distance and a three-body theory for calculating the ion-aerosol attachment coefficients is developed. The theory should be valid for the small aerosols (Aitken nuclei) found naturally in the troposphere.
TL;DR: A surface wind vector profile along the 62° East meridian in Antarctica is constructed from field observations extending from 600 kilometers inland to 16 kilometers offshore as mentioned in this paper, using the theory of gravity winds proposed by F. K. Ball.
Abstract: A surface wind vector profile along the 62° East meridian in Antarctica is constructed from field observations extending from 600 kilometers inland to 16 kilometers offshore. The theory of gravity winds proposed byF. K. Ball is used successfully to explain this profile.
TL;DR: In this article, two and three dipoles approximating the earth's main magnetic field are determined minimizing a sum of squares of differences between the dipole fields and the earth magnetic field.
Abstract: Two and three dipoles approximating the earth's main magnetic field are determined minimizing a sum of squares of differences between the dipole fields and the earth's magnetic field. Numerical results have been obtained by the aid of a digital computer for epochs 1932, 1942, 1950 and 1960.
TL;DR: In this paper, Taylor's series expansion method was used to compute the second vertical derivative of gravity field at any point in the horizontal plane of observation, and a comparative study of the resolving powers of different approaches by performing numerical and filter response tests suggests that the formulas provide a definite improvement over many existing methods.
Abstract: Two formulas, using Taylor's series expansion method, have been developed by means of which the second vertical derivative of gravity field may be computed at any point in the horizontal plane of observation. A comparative study of the resolving powers of different approaches by performing numerical and filter response tests suggests that the formulas provide a definite improvement over many existing methods.
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency equation of the thermo-elastic Rayleigh waves in a semi-infinite transversely isotropic solid has been obtained, and it is found that the velocity does not depend on the frequency.
Abstract: The frequency equation of the thermo-elastic Rayleigh waves in a semi-infinite transversely isotropic solid has been obtained. The form of the frequency equation for small values of the reduced frequency has also been deduced, and it is found that, as in the isotropic medium, the velocity does not depend on the frequency. But unlike the isotropic case, the velocity depends upon the thermal constants as well.
TL;DR: In this paper, the coordinates and the components of the dipole approximating to the highest possible degree the earth's magnetic field are determined minimizing a sum of squares of differences between dipole field and the earth magnetic field.
Abstract: The coordinates and the components of the dipole approximating to the highest possible degree the earth's magnetic field are determined minimizing a sum of squares of differences between the dipole field and the earth's magnetic field. Numerical results by the aid of a digital computer have been obtained for epoch 1932, 1937, 1942, 1945, 1950, 1955 and 1960 on the basis of magnetic data from 61 observatories.
TL;DR: In this article, rates and yields of nitrite formation in solutions, upon irradiation of aqueous sodium nitrate with ultraviolet light, are consistently and considerably enhanced by their chloride content.
Abstract: Rates and yields of nitrite formation in solutions, upon irradiation of aqueous sodium nitrate with ultraviolet light, are found to be consistently and considerably enhanced by their chloride content. The process is investigated under conditions met both, in the laboratory and under sunlight illumination, and the effects of altitude and temperature on the reaction studied in the field, are evaluated.
TL;DR: In this article, the elastic response of a homogeneous rock layer subjected to two-dimensional distributions of vertical displacement applied along a basal boundary is determined by structural matrix analysis, and the effects of different magnitudes of superposed gravitationally-induced stresses, release of a constrained side boundary, and introduction of pronounced heterogeneity are each quantitatively evaluated.
Abstract: The elastic response (i.e., displacement fields, strain and stress distributions) has been determined by structural matrix analysis for a homogeneous rock layer subjected to two-dimensional distributions of vertical displacement applied along a basal boundary. The results obtained compare favorably with biharmonic function solutions obtained bySanford [42]2) and the authors. The analysis was then extended: the effects of different magnitudes of superposed gravitationally-induced stresses, release of a constrained side boundary, and introduction of pronounced heterogeneity were each quantitatively evaluated. Each of these changed conditions effected important alterations in response characteristics, e.g., in configuration of stress trajectories, predicted locations and configurations of initial fracture surfaces, shear stress distributions, and displacement fields.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed the logarithmic-normal distribution for adjusting energy-frequency observations of earthquakes, which is a linear adjustment of the energyfrequency distribution of earthquakes.
Abstract: The linear adjustment of the energy-frequency distribution of earthquakes is critically regarded. However, it contains some faults. Therefore, the logarithmic-normal distribution is proposed for adjusting energy-frequency observations of earthquakes. The parameters of the logarithmicnormal distribution are determined from observations by the method of least squares. For many examples from different epicentral areas and different time intervals the parameters of the logarithmicnormal distribution are calculated and compared with one another. It follows that the exact shape of the energy-frequency distribution is fixed by the total energy of all earthquakes occurring per unit of time. There must be the possibility of liberating the seismic energy of 1013 ergs in a given epicentral area of 1000 km2 during one year, so that earthquakes can really occur.
TL;DR: The Anlagerungsgeschwindigkeiten der elektrisch geladenen und neutralen212Pb (ThB)-Atome an das atmospharischen Aerosol wurden experimentell bestimmt Bei einer mittleren Aerosolkonzentration von 5·104 Teilchen/cm3 wurden die Anlageungshalbwertszeiten\(\mathop T\limits^ - \)a = 29 fur positive and\(\Mathop T \limits^
Abstract: Die Anlagerungsgeschwindigkeiten der elektrisch geladenen und neutralen212Pb (ThB)-Atome an das atmospharische Aerosol wurden experimentell bestimmt Bei einer mittleren Aerosolkonzentration von 5·104 Teilchen/cm3 wurden die Anlagerungshalbwertszeiten\(\mathop T\limits^ - \)a = 29 fur positive und\(\mathop T\limits^ - \)a0 = 46 fur neutrale Radon-Folgeprodukte erhalten Ausserdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass bis zu 40% der Teilchen des atmospharischen Aerosols dem RadienbereichR≦10−6cm angehoren, und dass dieser Teilchenanteil die Grosse der Anlagerungshalbwertszeiten nur geringfugig (2–4%) beeinflusst, dh der Anteil der angelagerten Radionuklide ist in diesem Teilchenradienbereich vernachlassigbar Zum Schluss wurde mit Hilfe der gemessenen Anlagerungskonstanten der prozentuale Anteil der unangelagerten222Rn- und220Rn-Folgeprodukte in der Atmosphare berechnet
TL;DR: In this paper, the main characteristics of surface winds are tabulated for 34 Antarctic stations and interpolated for each region and presented as a map showing the pattern of surface wind flow for the whole continent.
Abstract: The main characteristics of surface winds are tabulated for 34 Antarctic stations. Using these data, supplemented by traverse records, the average wind flow is interpolated for each region and presented as a map showing the pattern of surface wind flow for the whole continent. Attention is focused on the flow in relation to surface contours. Statistics are presented for surface slope, wind speed, temperature, seasonal variations of speed and temperature, diurnal variation (including power spectra) of the wind speed and times of maximum and minimum speed at coastal and inland stations, wind frequency versus direction, the occurrence of calms, the deviation of the plateau wind from the downslope direction, the wind direction near the front of ice shelves, the proportion of cloud cover, and wind chill factors. In all cases data are grouped according to the environs of the stations in an attempt to isolate systematic differences depending on location: coastal stations near the foot of the ice slope and fully exposed to katabatic flow, coastal stations on offshore islands, coastal stations on peninsulas, coastal stations on extensive rock areas, ice shelf stations and inland stations.
TL;DR: In this article, the propagation of love-type waves in a homogeneous half-space overlain by a heterogeneous crust with various types of heterogenety is studied and frequency equations are obtained in each of the cases.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the propagation of love-type waves in a homogeneous half-space overlain by a heterogeneous crust with various types of heterogenety. Frequency equations are obtained in each of the cases and numerical calculations are done in some cases and the results thus obtained are compared with those done byJeffreys andMitra [3]2).
TL;DR: In this paper, the volume extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients, the maximum absorption coefficients for composite spectral lines, and the coefficients used to expand the phase function into a series of Legendre polynomials for analytic representation of the phase functions are provided in tabular and graphical format.
Abstract: The study of radiative transfer in clouds and fog requires a knowledge of basic radiation constants. For this purpose the volume extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients, the maximum absorption coefficients for composite spectral lines, and the coefficients used to expand the phase function into a series of Legendre polynomials for analytic representation of the phase function are provided in tabular and graphical format. The analysis for cloud droplets is based upon the rigorous electromagnetic theory. All Mie computations are carried out in an exact manner avoiding any approximations. Absorption line constants as computed here are based upon the investigations ofElsasser withCulbertson [5]3) andWyatt, Stull, andPlass [18]. Tabulations are made on the basis of fifty spectral intervals covering the entire solar and infrared spectra. Polarization effects are disregarded in this study.