Showing papers in "Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry in 2021"
TL;DR: The present review is summarizing the general description, phytochemical compounds, traditional view, modern view and pharmacological activities of the Mentha arvensis plant.
Abstract: Since the origin in life, plants have remained the primary source of food, shelter and various remedial approaches. Plants are being in use for treating various kind of diseases across the world. Mentha arvensis linn. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is utilized as a household remedy, food seasoner and for many other industrial purposes. Mentha arvensis is traditionally used in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The plant species are well recognized for their folk medicinal uses, especially to treat cold, fever, digestive and cardiovascular disorders. The leaves of Mentha arvensis are recorded to possess potent therapeutic values. Leaves of plant also possess aromatic fragrance and are utilized as a flavoring agent. The leaves are utilized for the treatment of liver disease, spleen, asthma and jaundice. Various bioactive compounds isolated from this plant are terpenoids, alcohols, rosmarinic acids and phenolics. These bioactive compounds have many pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antifertility and anti-tumor. These pharmacological activities of the Mentha arvensis plant are also mentioned in the literature of ayurveda, unani and other traditional system of medicine. The present review is summarizing the general description, phytochemical compounds, traditional view, modern view and pharmacological activities of the Mentha arvensis plant.
6 citations
TL;DR: Herbal medicine (also Herbalism) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which have been the basis for medical treatments through most of human history and are still widely practiced today.
Abstract: Herbal medicine (also Herbalism) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants. Plants have been the basis for medical treatments through most of human history, and such traditional medicine is still widely practiced today. Archaeological evidence indicates that the use of medicinal plants dates back to the Paleolithic age, approximately 60,000 years ago. Written evidence of herbal remedies dates back over 5,000 years to the Sumerians, who compiled lists of plants.
5 citations
TL;DR: The genus Trichoderma is multicultural soil-borne fungi found in different ecosystems that are highly successful colonizers of their habitats and a new fungal source for the production of cyclosporin A as well as various hydrolytic enzymes with industrial importance.
Abstract: The genus Trichoderma is multicultural soil-borne fungi found in different ecosystems. They are highly successful colonizers of their habitats. Genus Trichoderma is capable of dealing with various environments such as compost, agricultural soils, rhizosphere, and waste material. Therefore, different strains of Trichoderma have been applied in agriculture, bioremediation, waste management, and biotechnology. Many Trichoderma species act as biological control agents and plant growth promoters. Additionally, the genus Trichoderma is a new fungal source for the production of cyclosporin A as well as various hydrolytic enzymes with industrial importance.
5 citations
TL;DR: immune-enhancing herbs may be helpful for the body to combat COVID-19 infection, as it provides a specific response against attacking organisms after evolvement.
Abstract: Some suggest human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. [...]social distancing, quarantine and isolation of suspected cases are the best tools for containing the disease. In the current pandemic viral infection (COVID-19) it is clear that those with a weak immune system are highly susceptible to this infection and its worst outcomes8. [...]immune-enhancing herbs may be helpful for the body to combat COVID-19 infection9. [...]it provides a specific response against attacking organisms after evolvement. According to the World Health Organization, around 80% of the world population uses herbal medicines for primary health care, particularly across South Asia and Europe.
4 citations
TL;DR: Fenugreek seeds are rich source of protein, minerals, vitamins, gum, fiber, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin and volatile compounds, known for its medicinal qualities such as antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and immunological activities.
Abstract: Fenugreek seeds are rich source of protein, minerals, vitamins, gum, fiber, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin and volatile compounds Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a legume and it has been used as a spice throughout the world to enhance the sensory quality of foods. It is known for its medicinal qualities such as antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and immunological activities. There for in this study we prepared the fenugreek powder as nutraceutical from seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum. It is evaluated for chemical test, particle size.
3 citations
TL;DR: Sources of nutraceutical and functional components in different foods and their assessment are examined and 3 key terms-nutrients, herbal, dietary supplements are identified.
Abstract: Nutraceuticals are biologically energetic phytochemicals that own health benefits. Nutraceuticals are considered to be fortified or enriched foods providing all the essential nutrients required for maintaining the most appropriate fitness. Nutraceuticals in vast are the food or a part of food gambling a vast function in enhancing and retaining everyday physiological function that continues healthy people. Nutraceuticals: on the basis in their herbal source, chemical grouping, categorized into 3 key terms-nutrients, herbal, dietary supplements. Nutraceuticals is used as a powerful instrument in preserving fitness and to behave in opposition to numerous sicknesses inclusive of obesity, cardiovascular sicknesses, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cholesterol and so forth. The goal of nutraceuticals in healthcare primarily based on their disease particular warning signs. In this paper we examine sources of nutraceutical and functional components in different foods and their assessment.
3 citations
TL;DR: Corona kadha includes the ingredients such as elaichi,turmeric,cloves,black peppercorns,honey, jaggery,munakka,tulsi,cinnamon,etc which act as immunity boosters which boosts the immunity Immunity helps to fight against the covid-19 Mechanism of kadhas is immunity boosting.
Abstract: Corona kadha includes the ingredients such as elaichi,turmeric,cloves,black peppercorns,honey, jaggery,munakka,tulsi,cinnamon,etc which act as immunity boosters which boosts the immunity Immunity helps to fight against the covid-19 Mechanism of kadha is immunity boosting Arsenium album proved to be a immuno booster pill and reduces inflammation in lungs and restlessness during cold Uses* Black peppercorns can boost immunity * Antyioxidant * Antimicrobial * Gastro-protective * Building immunity especially when it comes to own throat * Helps in treating respiratory disease 5) Tulsi - B S - Tulsi consist of frsh and dried leaves of ocimum sanctum Linn belonging to basillicum L Family - Labiate basillicum L Family - Labiate UsesExpectorant Stomachic Carminative Stimulant Flavouring agent Insecticide Antiprotozoal 6) Cinnamon: B S - It consist of the dried inner bark of the shootsof coppiced trees of cinnaomum zeylanicum Nees Family - Lauraceae Uses - * Immunity booster 7) Ginger - B S - Ginger consists of the rhizomes of zingiber officinale roscase and dried in the sun Family - Zingiberaceae Uses - b) Reduces cold and flu by the bee apis mellifera and other species of apis belongsto the Family- Apidae Uses - * High nutritive Procedure of Kadha - Wash peel & coarsely pound the raw turmeric & ginger in a mortar and pestle Boil it in 4 cupsof water It turns in yellow colour then we will start to get a whiff of ginger Wait for 5-6 min for heating Add rest of ingredients in turmeric ginger water and let it boil for 15-20 min Water will reduce so adjustqhe quantity according to the cups to make Put 1 table spoon honey in a cup and strain the kadha 1)Prevent fever and common infections 2)Improve your skin by balancing skin pigmentation 3)Also helpful in purifying blood and detoxifier 5)Treatment of bone, muscles and nerves 4)Useful for eye disorder 6)Heat related problems such as hyperacidity, headache, nausea, gastric renal and hepatic disorder and urinary tract problems, stones and infection inflammation, can be very painful and uncontrollable [ ]the pill named as Aa 30c Mother tincture has 200gm of AS2O3 in 1 litre of liquid and30c potence prepared medicine contains 1 molecule of active material in a volume equivalent to that of 1 million
3 citations
TL;DR: It is evident that crystal retention, cell apoptosis, renal cell injury, and associated stone promoters or inhibitors play important roles for kidney stone formation and better understanding of the mechanisms of urolithiasis associated with stone inhibitors or promoters will be critical for stone-removing medications.
Abstract: New drugs are introduced in the market every year and new diseases are emerging every year and there is no cure for existing diseases. Though new drugs are being approved by the FDA every year, controlling emerging infections is a global concern. Due to increased side effects and toxicity the modern world is turning towards herbal medicine. Due to few reasons like global warming, food habits and modern life style disease like Urolithiasis places a significant economic burden on the healthcare system, especially in developed and developing countries where, owing to changes in food habits and lifestyle, the prevalence of stone disease has significantly increased over the last few decades; unfortunately, it will probably continue to increase for a number of reasons. Despite considerable improvements in the development of new herbal therapies for the management of urinary stones, the incidence of urolithiasis is increasing worldwide. However, it is evident that crystal retention, cell apoptosis, renal cell injury, and associated stone promoters or inhibitors play important roles for kidney stone formation. In addition, the identification of novel phytoconstituents on the basis of molecular and cellular alterations in relation to stone formation will help develop better herbal remedies. Moreover, better understanding of the mechanisms of urolithiasis associated with stone inhibitors or promoters will be critical for stone-removing medications. This review encompasses different medicinal plants, polyherbal formulations and phytoconstituents used in the treatment of Kidney stones. More interdisciplinary research is needed to develop new plant-derived high-quality natural products to treat and prevent the formation of kidney stones.
3 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the plant extracts increased humoral as well as cell mediated immunity in patients using in-vivo experimental models of Tinospora cordifolia stem.
Abstract: Tinospora cordifolia is a plant well known for its medicinal value in Indian ayurveda and Indian traditional medicine system. However, to prove its efficiency for the clinical utilization, more experimental data will be beneficial. In the present investigation, evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem on various in-vivo experimental models such as neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic index by carbon clearance test, Hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential by oral administration of alcoholic stem extracts (50, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg b.w, p.o) evoked a significant increase in percent neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibers as well as a dose dependent increased in antibody titre values, and potentiated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells and significant response towards phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay (*p<0.05, *p<0.01, ***p<0.001). This may be due to concentrations of active phytochemicals present in particular plant extract. Hence, it was concluded that the plant extracts increased humoral as well as cell mediated immunity.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, natural gum was extracted from the seeds of Samanea saman by using ethanol as a solvent and physicochemical characterization like Loss on drying, Total ash and acid insoluble ash, Swelling Index, Viscosity and qualitative evaluation of purified gum was done.
Abstract: Natural polymers are the most accepted pharmaceutical excipients of formulator’s choice. The reasons for this are their cost effectiveness, biocompatibility and availability. In this research article natural gum was extracted from the seeds of Samanea saman by using ethanol as a solvent. The physicochemical characterization like Loss on drying, Total ash and Acid insoluble ash, Swelling Index, Viscosity and qualitative evaluation of purified gum was done. The percent yield of gum was found to 6% w/w and the swelling index was found to be 18.5. Total ash value (7.5% w/w) and Acid insoluble ash value (1.4%w/w) shows purity of gum whereas 3.2% w/w loss on drying suggest low moisture content of gum. Chemical evaluation shows presence of carbohydrate. X ray diffraction graph of gum shows crystalline nature. The gum has average particle size 45.0±0.32 to 50±0.18μm, and the surface texture of the particles was found to be rough and irregular by scanning Electron Microscopy. Mucoadhesive property of gum was evaluated by Swelling index, Mucoadhesive force, Shear stress measurement. For this study polymeric tablet of gum with concentrations like 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90 %w/w were formulated and the results shows best mucoadhesive and swelling property. From the above result the gum may be used in the formulation of mucoadhesive dosage form.
2 citations
TL;DR: Oroxylum indicum may be used for the management of hyperglycaemia based on further in vivo and clinical trials, and the highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrous oxide scavenging activities were found to be.
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels in the bloodstream. It occurs due to the inadequate amount of insulin secreted in the body or resistance of insulin receptors. Objective: In the present study, for its effect on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, Oroxylum indicuma flavone glycoside was assessed using in-vitro assays by removing the respective enzymes from whole wheat and barley in conjunction with in-silico analysis. Method: in-vitro alpha amylase inhibitory activity and in-vitro alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed using acarbose as a standard drug. The molecular docking study was performed using Schrodinger (Maestro V 11.5) software. The parameters glide score, Lipinski rule for drug likeliness, bioactive scoring and ADME properties were assessed in the docking study. In addition, baicalein's antioxidant function was assessed using DPPH assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity of Oroxylum indicumwas evaluated using the Brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The alpha-amylase assay performed showed IC50 value of 48.40 µg/ml for Oroxylum indicumwhereas alpha-glucosidase assay showed an IC50 value of 16.03 µg/ml. Oroxylum indicumshows the glide score of-5.565 with 5EOF and glide score of -5.339 with 5NN8 in the molecular docking study. The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrous oxide scavenging activity were found to be.27% at160 µg/ml and 50.02% at the concentrations of 160 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Based on further in vivo and clinical trials, Oroxylum indicummay be used for the management of hyperglycaemia.
TL;DR: The main aim of this review is gathering information about medicinal plants with antiviral properties from plant database about Coronavirus via medicinal plants.
Abstract: Background: The aim of the present project is to provide basic knowledge about the treatment of Coronavirus via medicinal plants. Coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) as a viral pneumonia causative agent, infects thousands of people worldwide. There is currently no specific medicine or vaccine available and it is considered a threat to develop effective novel drug or anti-coronavirus vaccine treatment. However, natural compounds to treat coronaviruses are the most alternative and complementary therapies due to their diverse range of biological and therapeutic properties. Coronaviruses have large viral RNA Genomes and are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. The nsp10/nsp16 protein is an important target because it is essential for the virus to replicate, the papain-like protease (Nsp3), the main protease (Nsp5), the primary RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Nsp12) are also attractive drug targets for this disease. The main aim of this review is gathering information about medicinal plants with antiviral properties from plant database.
TL;DR: A fragrant epiphyllous liverwort was found on the leaves of Atuna indica, an endangered tree during a forest trip and the specimen identified as Leptolejeunea balansae Steph.
Abstract: A fragrant epiphyllous liverwort was found on the leaves of Atuna indica, an endangered tree during a forest trip and the specimen identified as Leptolejeunea balansae Steph., GC-MS analysis of the species were done to identify the components behind the smell and antimicrobial studies were conducted to know the possibility of a mutualism. Anisole p-ethyl was identified as the factor causing the fragrance and no antimicrobial activities were recorded for the studied concentrations. The sweet fragrance from natural resources like bryophytes should have myriad applications in perfumery industry.
TL;DR: The present study describes pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening on Seeds of Argyreia nervosa, the ancient traditional medicinal plant belonging to the convolvulaceae family having prominent, psychedelic and neuro-pharmacological actions on the authors' body.
Abstract: There are several medicinal plants having various medicinal properties is being widely used in Ayurveda which contain phytoconstituents. These phytoconstituents are beneficial to manage allied symptoms in psychosis andto treat abnormal condition of the mindthereby promoting mental well being. Argyreia nervosa (L.f) the ancient traditional medicinal plant belonging to the convolvulaceae family having prominent, psychedelic and neuro-pharmacological actions on our body. Argyreia nervosa seeds contain hallucinogens including ergot alkaloids such as ergine and Argoclavine and a naturally occurring lysergic acid amide. The current study describes pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening on Seeds of Argyreia nervosa. Argoclavine was extracted from the seeds and then characterised by different spectroscopic techniques like UV, IR, LC-MS. The results of the present study will create a way for the invention of novel herbal medicines for several ailments by using Argyreia nervosa seeds.
TL;DR: The objective of this review is to provide detailed description of botany, phytochemicals, medicinal value and pharmacological activity of Ashoka, also known as Saraca asoca, an indigenous plant that belongs to the Caesalpiniaceae subfamily of the Legume.
Abstract: Ayurveda is a traditional medicinal system which has been used consistently. Asoka is one of India's most holy and legendary trees. Ashoka, also known as Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wilde, is an indigenous plant that belongs to the Caesalpiniaceae subfamily of the Legume. It is an evergreen tree of medium size. The objective of this review is to provide detailed description of botany, phytochemicals, medicinal value and pharmacological activity. Saraca asoca was reported to be comprising phytoconstituents, such as Flavonoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Saponins, Carbohydrates, Proteins as well as many Pharmacologic activities such as anti-diabetic, CNS depressant, anti-helminthic, cardio protective, anti-bacterial, anti-menorrhagic, anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-oxidant activities, anti-cancer activities.
TL;DR: The ethnobotanical and phytopharmacological properties of four ficus species trees of Nalpamaram, an important group of four trees used in Ayurveda, are compiled.
Abstract: Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine used for various disease conditions. Plants are an important source of treatments and are extensively used for the preparation of different formulations. Herbal drugs are separately or in combination used for the treatment of various ailments in the traditional system of medicines. Nalpamaram is an important group of four trees used in Ayurveda which comprises trees like Ficus racemosa, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus benghalensis, and Ficus religiosa belongs to the family Moraceae. Trees have enormous medicinal values and they are lactiferous in nature. These trees are separately or in combination used for the treatment of various ailments in the traditional system of medicines. Different plant parts like bark, leaves, and fruits of ficus species are used as astringent, hemostatic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer, and it useful in pitta and Kapha. They are also effective in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, ulcers, vaginal disorders, leucorrhoea, menorrhea, and deficient lactation conditions. The barks of these trees are an important ingredient of many Ayurvedic formulations like Nalpamaradi Choorna, Nalpamaradi Tailam, Saribadyasavam, and Chandanasavam. The bark of tree is boiled with water; its decoction is used to cleanse the body of pregnant women towards reduce inflammation. This review article compiled the ethnobotanical and phytopharmacological properties of four ficus species trees of Nalpamaram.
TL;DR: The diversity observed among the yam landraces could be useful in improvement of yams for various traits, and may be useful for breeding and conservation.
Abstract: Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important crop widely cultivated for food, feed and medicine in different areas of the world. Knowledge on genetic diversity among yam landraces is essential for breeding and conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity present among yam landraces using morphological traits. Thirty-six yam landraces were phenotyped at at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2015/16 growing season. The experiment was laid out in 6x6 simple lattice design with two replications. Data were collected on nine quantitative and ten qualitative traits, and subjected to hierarchal cluster, correlation and principal component analyses. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Tuber fresh weight showed a positive and significant association with tuber length and tuber diameter. The principal component analysis revealed five important principal components that accounted for 56.9% of the total variation observed among landraces. Principal components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, correlated with leaf length, leaf width and vine length A dendrogram revealed three main clusters of landraces. The most diverse landraces identified were 27/02, 21/02, 06/2000 and 68/02, which are useful for breeding and conservation. The diversity observed among the yam landraces could be useful in improvement of yams for various traits.