Showing papers in "Resonance in 1996"
TL;DR: In this article, a language similar to logo is used to draw geometric pictures using this language and programs are developed to draw geometrical pictures using it, which is similar to the one we use in this paper.
Abstract: The primary purpose of a programming language is to assist the programmer in the practice of her art. Each language is either designed for a class of problems or supports a different style of programming. In other words, a programming language turns the computer into a ‘virtual machine’ whose features and capabilities are unlimited. In this article, we illustrate these aspects through a language similar tologo. Programs are developed to draw geometric pictures using this language.
5,749 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the principle of hydrodynamic lubrication and the new phenomenon of levitating drops over liquid film flow, which is explained using hydrodynamical lubrication theory, are given.
Abstract: This article gives the principle of hydrodynamic lubrication and also presents the new phenomenon of levitating drops over liquid film flow, which is explained using hydrodynamic lubrication theory.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the author gives a brief overview of some modern aspects of geometry-Topology and Algebraic Geometry The subject is now so vast that it is best to learn about it from the excellent books available-some of which are suggested at the end.
Abstract: In this concluding article of the series the author gives a brief overview of some modern aspects of geometry-Topology and Algebraic Geometry The subject is now so vast that it is best to learn about it from the excellent books available-some of which are suggested at the end
23 citations
TL;DR: The famous river Saraswati, which flowed from the Himalaya and emptied finally into the Gulf of Kachchh, has vanished as discussed by the authors, due to tectonic movements.
Abstract: The legendary river Saraswati, which flowed from the Himalaya and emptied finally into the Gulf of Kachchh, has vanished. Tectonic movements change river courses, behead streams and sometimes even make large rivers such as the Saraswati disappear.
20 citations
TL;DR: The evergreen kokum tree found along the west coast of India is known not only for its beauty but also for its use as a condiment as mentioned in this paper. But its economic and ecological potential make it ideally suited to the restoration of natural forests.
Abstract: The evergreen kokum tree found along the west coast of India is known not only for its beauty but also for its use as a condiment. Its economic and ecological potential make it ideally suited to the restoration of natural forests.
16 citations
TL;DR: Barbara McClintock’s life shows how important it is to nurture original and unconventional thinking in science if the authors are to get out of the rut of ordinariness.
Abstract: Barbara McClintock’s life shows us how important it is to nurture original and unconventional thinking in science if we are to get out of the rut of ordinariness. After a long period of relative neglect, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1983 for her work on genetic instability (transposition).
15 citations
TL;DR: Reflections carries material on the history and furore o f science, its methodology and philosophy, and its connections with other human ac6vities as discussed by the authors, and is intended m provide a broad viezv, complementing the more specific discussions o f individual topics in the rest o f the journal.
Abstract: Reflections carries material on the history and furore o f science, its methodology and philosophy, and its connections with other human ac6vities. It is intended m provide a broad viezv, complementing the more specific discussions o f individual topics in the rest o f the journal. A new age in physics has dawned from the beginning of the 20th century. Let us make a few general comments on the historical development of physics before wc proceed to analyze the characteristics of this new age.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extemporaneous talk to a general audience at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India, given after the conclusion of the Centenary Conference held there (January 1988).
Abstract: This article is based on the tape of an extemporaneous talk to a general audience at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India, given after the conclusion of the Centenary Conference held there (January 1988).
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the notion of randomness is used as a mathematical model for a phenomenon whose outcome is uncertain, and an axiomatic development of such a model is given below.
Abstract: Whether random phenomena exist in nature or not, it is useful to think of the notion of randomness as a mathematical model for a phenomenon whose outcome is uncertain. Such a model can be obtained by exploiting the observation that, in many phenomena, even though the outcome in any given instance is uncertain, collectively there is a pattern. An axiomatic development of such a model is given below. It is also shown that in such a set-up an interpretation of the probability of an event can be provided using the ‘Law of Large Numbers’.
9 citations
TL;DR: The contribution of human activities to global warming requires further investigation, because there are several negative feedback mechanisms which inhibit the warming process as discussed by the authors. But the contribution that human activities make to global cooling requires further study.
Abstract: Various human activities have contributed to an increase in the levels of greenhouse gases. The contribution that these make to global warming requires further investigation, because there are several negative feedback mechanisms which inhibit the warming process.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the problem of optimal stopping, where the goal is to find the strategy that maximises the probability of selecting the best candidate from a known number of candidates.
Abstract: In many spheres of activity, decisions must often be made under uncertain conditions. One such problem relates to selecting a candidate from a known number when: (a) candidates arrive in a sequence; (b) the selection process has to decide on a candidate then and there; (c) the process terminates if a candidate is selected; (d) the process continues if the candidate is not selected. The question is: What is the strategy that maximises the probability of selecting the best candidate? How does one use the ‘scores’ of each of the candidates seen so far to decide if the present candidate must be selected or if the process be continued, in the quest for the best candidate? This is the problem ofoptimal stopping, an example of which is discussed here.
TL;DR: Frey, Gerhard Frey, J-P Serre, Ken Ribet and Andrew Wiles finally succeeded in proving Fermat's assertion that the equation Xn + Yn = Zn has no solutions in non-zero integers ifn ≥ 3 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: After more than three centuries of effort by some of the best mathematicians, Gerhard Frey, J-P Serre, Ken Ribet and Andrew Wiles have finally succeeded in proving Fermat’s assertion that the equationXn + Yn = Zn has no solutions in non-zero integers ifn ≥ 3. Each of the four mathematicians made a decisive contribution with Wiles delivering thecoup de grace. The proof, as it finally came to be, is in some sense a triumph for Fermat.
TL;DR: Using examples it is illustrated how random sampling allows data to be modelled with the help of probability models and how these probability models provide the mathematical tools for statistical inference.
Abstract: Statistical inference is introduced here as an application of inductive inference. Using examples it is illustrated how random sampling allows data to be modelled with the help of probability models and how these probability models provide the mathematical tools for statistical inference.
TL;DR: Genetic algorithms are search procedures inspired by natural selection and genetics that can be used to obtain13; global and robust solutions to optimisation problems as discussed by the authors, they find applications i n computer science, engineering,13; economics, linguistics, psychology, etc.
Abstract: Genetic algorithms are search procedures inspired by13; natural selection and genetics that can be used to obtain13; global and robust solutions to optimisation problems.13; They find applications i n computer science, engineering,13; economics, linguistics, psychology, biology, etc.
TL;DR: The dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a social hunter and a cooperative breeder as mentioned in this paper, living in packs with rigid hierarchies, and their social behaviour, hunting strategies and breeding patterns are described in this article.
Abstract: The dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a social hunter and a cooperative breeder. Dholes live in packs with rigid hierarchies. Their social behaviour, hunting strategies and breeding patterns are described in this article.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a particle moving on an ellipse or even a hyperbola still moves on a circle in this space, and other aspects of orbits such as conservation laws are discussed.
Abstract: The orbits of planets, or any other bodies moving under an inverse square law force, can be understood with fresh insight using the idea of velocity space. Surprisingly, a particle moving on an ellipse or even a hyperbola still moves on a circle in this space. Other aspects of orbits such as conservation laws are discussed.
TL;DR: Euclid's elegant proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers is well known as discussed by the authors, and Elder proved the same result, in fact a stronger one, byanalytical methods.
Abstract: Euclid’s elegant proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers is well known. Elder proved the same result, in fact a stronger one, byanalytical methods. This article gives an exposition of Euler’s proof introducing the necessary concepts along the way.
TL;DR: Chaos is a type of complicated behaviour found in non-linear dynamical systems as discussed by the authors, and computers are playing an important role in the growth of this science and have been used extensively in the past few decades.
Abstract: Chaos is a type of complicated behaviour found in non-linear dynamical systems. Computers are playing an important role in the growth of this science.
TL;DR: This work introduces linear codes, and tries to explain how the structure present in these codes permits easy implementation of encoding and decoding schemes.
Abstract: Linear algebraic codes are an elegant illustration of the power of Algebra. We introduce linear codes, and try to explain how the structure present in these codes permits easy implementation of encoding and decoding schemes.
TL;DR: Experiments, using a robot bee, convincingly demonstrate that bees can also find food, in the absence of smell, on the basis of information communicated through the dance language.
Abstract: Language is usually credited with being the major factor in making humans so different from other higher animals. The fact that honey bees have a dance language that is unparalleled in the rest of the animal kingdom is therefore of great interest. Successful forager bees communicate information about the source of food discovered by them, to their sisters upon returning home. They do this by means of a round dance (which only says, there is food nearby) or a waggle dance which gives information about the distance, direction and quantity of food to be expected. Karl Von Frisch bagged the Nobel Prize in 1973, mainly for deciphering the dance language of honey bees. However there are some sceptics who believe that the dance that the foragers do perform may have no communication value and that bees locate sources of food based on the scent left behind by the discoverer on the way to and at the location of the food source. While bees can find food based on such odours, recent experiments, using a robot bee, convincingly demonstrate that bees can also find food, in the absence of smell, on the basis of information communicated through the dance language.
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TL;DR: In frogs, the signals are meant to attract and assess the sex, species identity and genetic quality of potential mates as discussed by the authors, which plays a central role in the courtship behavior of frogs.
Abstract: Vertebrate vocalization came into existence for the first time in frogs. Acoustic signals produced by the frogs have well-defined physical characteristics and a clear biological meaning. The signals are meant to attract and assess the sex, species identity and genetic quality of potential mates. Acoustic communication plays a central role in the courtship behaviour of frogs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemistry of existing and emerging battery technologies is discussed and a comparison of the battery chemistry is made between existing and new battery technologies, as well as their potential applications in solar power stations.
Abstract: Harnessing sunlight for the production of electrical energy is an engrossing prospect. The crucial concept underlying the success of solar power stations is energy storage and its retrieval on demand which can be most effectively achieved with storage batteries. This article highlights the chemistry of existing and emerging battery technologies.
TL;DR: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as mentioned in this paper are biologically inspired networks that have the ability to learn from empirical data/information, and they find use in computer science and control engineering fields.
Abstract: Artificial neural networks are ‘biologically’ inspired networks. They have the ability to learn from empirical data/ information. They find use in computer science and control engineering fields.
TL;DR: A carbocation can stabilize itself by a series of C-H and C-C shifts to reach the most stable form as mentioned in this paper, and relatively strained systems upon such cationic rearrangements produce diamondoid systems.
Abstract: A carbocation can stabilize itself by a series of C-H and C-C shifts to reach the most stable form. Several examples are shown in which relatively strained systems upon such cationic rearrangements produce diamondoid systems.