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Showing papers in "Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the relationship among parties, elections, and democracy in the Brazilian current context, examining how much the democratic and electoral experience has contributed to the consolidation of parties, party system, and democratic in Brazil since 1985.
Abstract: The article discusses the relationship among parties, elections, and democracy in the Brazilian current context. The main concern is examining how much the democratic and electoral experience has contributed to the consolidation of parties, party system, and democracy in Brazil since 1985. It defines the meanings of "party," "elections," and "democracy" in order to establish analysis parameters. It then analyses the recent electoral experiences highlighting its primordial role in assuring minimal conditions for a democratic polity. It finally discusses the current party experience, as well as its main aspects and problems. It concludes with a brief reflexion on the relationship between both the electoral and party experience and the consolidation of democracy in Brazil.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A cultura ocidental moderna articula-se em torno da tensao entre um universalismo primordial e o seu constante contraponto romântico as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A cultura ocidental moderna articula-se em torno da tensao entre um universalismo primordial e o seu constante contraponto romântico. O espirito cientifico e uma das manifestacoes fundamentais da disposicao universalista, tendo cabido ao espirito romântico critica-lo e modula-lo em sentidos e direcoes inicialmente insuspeitados. A emergencia das "ciencias humanas" (originalmente concebidas sob a forma das Geisteswissenschaften ou "ciencias do espirito") foi um dos resultados dessa tensao, impondo uma concepcao de realidade e de conhecimento muito diferente da que tinha prevalecido na orientacao universalista originaria. Os temas da "diferenca", da "totalidade", da "singularidade", do "fluxo", da "pulsao", da "experiencia" e da "compreensao" instigaram ou desafiaram todos os grandes pais fundadores das ciencias humanas - com resultados muito diversos - e continuam a operar na dinâmica do campo, seja como argumento instaurador de toda pesquisa antropologica, seja como veiculo das especulacoes ditas "pos-modernas". O presente artigo trata da sua explicitacao e esclarecimento.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiplicacao de cooperativas de trabalho e producao percebidas ora de forma pragmatica for reducao de custos empresariais, ora como alternativa de maior autonomia e democratizacao do trabho for os trabalhadores.
Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho e analisar a multiplicacao de cooperativas de trabalho e producao percebidas ora de forma pragmatica para reducao de custos empresariais, ora como alternativa de maior autonomia e democratizacao do trabalho para os trabalhadores na perspectiva da Economia Solidaria. Procurou-se verificar as similaridades e as diferencas na organizacao das cooperativas, recuperando algumas situacoes especificas, e as dificuldades identificadas na formacao de uma cultura autogestionaria entre os trabalhadores, tendo em vista que o trabalho nessas cooperativas, mais que uma alternativa voluntaria, responde a um quadro de desemprego estrutural.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the profile of victims of property and personal crimes in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, using individual data of the Victimization Research realized by the Institute of Criminality and Public Security between February and March of 2002.
Abstract: In this paper we investigate the profile of victims of property and personal crimes in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The considered characteristics of the victims were the personal attributes, socioeconomic conditions, daily habits, family aspects, and environment characteristics. The estimation method used is the Logit Model, which estimates the victimization probability. For that we used individual data of the Victimization Research realized by the Institute of Criminality and Public Security (Crisp) between February and March of 2002. The results suggest that personal attributes aren't really important to explain the profile of victims of property crimes. On the other hand, for personal crimes, age is fundamental. Youngsters are more probable of being victims of this kind of crime than older people. Furthermore, the probability of being aggressed is higher if the subjects walk at night in public ways or live in places where gunshot sound is heard. Environmental characteristics and opportunities seem to be crucial for the occurrence of these kinds of crimes.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical alternative on the themes of the social construction of the so-called subcitizenship as well as the naturalization of unevenness in peripheral societies such as the Brazilian one is established.
Abstract: This article aims at establishing a theoretical alternative on the themes of the social construction of the so-called sub-citizenship as well as the naturalization of unevenness in peripheral societies such as the Brazilian one. Both the discussions about social recognition and the theories about unevenness that emphasize its social and cultural components are used in a selective and personal way in the context of the sociological and contemporary social-philosophical debate. The objective is the elaboration of an alternative theoretical conception related to the personalist, patrimonalist, and hybrid approaches to such phenomena, paradigms intimately related to one another and still preeminent among us, as well as to the conjunctural and pragmatic perceptions that have lost connection to any other wider and totalizing reality.

55 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A reconfiguracao do campo religioso no Brasil nas ultimas decadas, mais especificamente na Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo, is discussed in this article.
Abstract: Este artigo trata da reconfiguracao do campo religioso no Brasil nas ultimas decadas, mais especificamente na Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo. Para tanto, o fenomeno sera analisado em dois planos. Primeiro, o trânsito de pessoas entre as religioes com a finalidade de encontrar fluxos preferenciais da mudanca religiosa. Segundo, a partir da constatacao de que essas transformacoes ocorreram de forma mais significativa nos centros urbanos e nas camadas mais pobres, o artigo discute a territorialidade de parte do campo religioso (os pentecostais) em contextos de vulnerabilidade social e que se expressa em diferentes padroes de solidariedade e sociabilidade.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze a research coordinated by Boaventura de Souza Santos about participative experiences in several regions and discuss those experiences in light of the propositions of Irys Young in her last book, Inclusion and Democracy.
Abstract: The article presupposes that the difficulty of dealing with the relationship between deliberation and representation problems represents a serious drawback in both the theoretical and concrete experiences ambits. Firstly it analyses a research coordinated by Boaventura de Souza Santos about participative experiences in several regions. It then discusses those experiences in light of the propositions of Irys Young in her last book, Inclusion and Democracy, in which participation and representation are analyzed.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Amazonian rubber-tappers were invisible in the national scene in the 1970's, but they started to organize themselves as an agrarian movement early in the 1980's and in the 1990's they obtained national recognizance, having the first Extractive Reserves being implemented right after Chico Mendes's assassination as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Amazonian rubber-tappers were invisible in the national scene in the 1970's. They started to organize themselves as an agrarian movement early in the 1980's and in the 1990's they obtained national recognizance, having the first Extractive Reserves being implemented right after Chico Mendes's assassination. Thus, these peasants of the tropical forest went from invisibility to paradigms of sustainable, participatory development in just two decades. This article narrates this historical episode by studying the trajectories of leaders, as well as the strategies employed by them in order to obtain visibility for the social movement both in national and international scale, connecting their agrarian claims to environmental issues of more general interest.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between sovereignty and human rights concerning the elaboration of immigration policies and the effects of the development of an international human rights legislation over the immigration question.
Abstract: This article discusses the relationship between sovereignty and human rights concerning the elaboration of immigration policies. It deals with the role of the State in international migrations, the effects of the development of an international human rights legislation over the immigration question, and finally discusses the idea that the increasing international migration is leading the State to lose control over its population and territory, two central features of the sovereignty concept.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: O presente artigo e uma reflexao sobre o predominio da lingua inglesa no contexto da globalizacao, analisando particularmente as implicacoes desse fenomeno for as ciencias sociais, can be found in this paper.
Abstract: O presente artigo e uma reflexao sobre o predominio da lingua inglesa no contexto da globalizacao, analisando particularmente as implicacoes desse fenomeno para as ciencias sociais. Na primeira parte faz-se uma analise critica da literatura elaborada pelos linguistas em relacao a expansao da lingua inglesa no mundo contemporâneo, focalizando-se particularmente a passagem do ingles como lingua internacional para o ingles como lingua mundial. Na segunda, discute-se a supremacia do ingles nas ciencias da natureza e nas ciencias sociais. O argumento central e que essas duas praticas cientificas sao distintas, isto e, se o ingles pode funcionar como lingua franca nas ciencias da natureza, isso e impossivel no âmbito das ciencias humanas. Nesse sentido, como a construcao do objeto social se faz por meio da lingua, como ele encontra-se ainda referido a um contexto historico-geografico especifico, a producao em ciencias sociais deve manter uma pluralidade de idiomas na sua confeccao. Porem, se o predominio de uma lingua se impoe, isso se da em funcao de uma hierarquizacao de poder no mercado de bens linguisticos, no interior do qual elabora-se uma falsa aproximacao entre a ideia de universal e de global.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the evolution of residential segregation in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the 1990's, which saw a significant increase of socioeconomic segregation, and propose a discussion on the reasons the residential segregation should be considered a fundamental issue for the formulation of social urban policies.
Abstract: The article aims at assessing the evolution of residential segregation in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the 1990's, which saw a significant increase of socioeconomic segregation. In addition to interpreting the phenomenon, the article proposes a discussion on the reasons the residential segregation should be considered a fundamental issue for the formulation of social urban policies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a funcao legislativa da Comissao de Agricultura e Politica Rural, assim como a nomeacao dos membros, are investigated.
Abstract: Esse artigo estuda a funcao legislativa da Comissao de Agricultura e Politica Rural, assim como a nomeacao dos membros desta comissao. Primeiramente, analisou-se o processo legislativo, com respeito ao tempo de tramitacao, tipos de parecer, partidos proponentes e conteudo das propostas. Observou-se que os projetos sao examinados pela comissao, mas ha um numero significativo de pareceres negativos aprovados. Em seguida, verificou-se se os membros da comissao tem reduto eleitoral em areas rurais ou nao. Os dados sugerem que eles nao provem de municipios rurais, e que a tese informacional explica melhor a logica de nomeacao dos membros do que a tese distributiva.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a trabalho analisa o comportamento dos eleitores da regiao da Grande Sao Paulo, na eleicao presidencial de 2002, a partir dos dados de um survey academico.
Abstract: Este trabalho analisa o comportamento dos eleitores da regiao da Grande Sao Paulo, na eleicao presidencial de 2002, a partir dos dados de um survey academico. Por meio da analise de regressao logistica, foram testadas, em um modelo para cada um dos candidatos, as influencias de variaveis demograficas, socioeconomicas e atitudinais dos eleitores. A variavel "sentimentos partidarios", operacionalizada aqui de forma diferente da que tradicionalmente tem sido utilizada na literatura nacional (preferencia partidaria), mostrou-se a mais relevante nos modelos relativos ao voto em Lula e Jose Serra. Em vista disso, este estudo propoe um debate a respeito da forma como deve ser tratada a influencia dos "sentimentos partidarios" dos eleitores em sua decisao de voto.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse le processus legislatif, en respectant le temps de renvoi aux commissions, les genres d'avis, de quels partis partent les propositions and leur contenu.
Abstract: Cet article etudie la fonction legislative de la Commission d'Agriculture et de Politique Rurale, ainsi que la nomination des membres de cette commission. Nous avons, tout d'abord, analyse le processus legislatif, en respectant le temps de renvoi aux commissions, les genres d'avis, de quels partis partent les propositions et leur contenu. Nous avons, ainsi, observe que les projets sont examines par la commission, mais il existe un nombre significatif d'avis contraires approuves. Ensuite, nous avons examine si les membres de la commission ont un reduit electoral dans des zones rurales ou pas. Les donnees suggerent qu'ils ne sont pas issus de communes rurales et que la these informationnelle explique mieux la logique de la nomination des membres que la these distributive.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the notion of dramatic dances in the work of Mario de Andrade and investigate the reasons bumba-meu-boi was extremely valued by the author.
Abstract: The text examines the notion of dramatic dances in the work of Mario de Andrade and investigates the reasons bumba-meu-boi was extremely valued by the author. It analyzes the connections found in the use of an ethnographic perspective, a romantic view on popular culture, and the pursuit of authenticity in constructing aesthetical forms by the andradiano modernism, based on a contemporary anthropological perspective.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Institutos Liberais, criados por empresarios no inicio dos anos de 1980, dedicam-se a atividade politica e ideologica de defesa e divulgacao dos preceitos do neoliberalismo as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Este artigo trata dos Institutos Liberais, criados por empresarios no inicio dos anos de 1980 para difundir os principios do neoliberalismo no Brasil. Sustentados por grandes grupos economicos, esses Institutos dedicam-se a atividade politica e ideologica de defesa e divulgacao dos preceitos do neoliberalismo. Para isso, desenvolvem um trabalho de dupla natureza: doutrinacao ideologica entre as elites brasileiras, especialmente aqueles segmentos considerados formadores de opiniao; e formulacao de estudos e propostas de projetos de politicas publicas de cunho privatista, sobretudo no que se refere as funcoes sociais do Estado.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the different ways by which Joaquim Nabuco shapes his personality in My Formation, choosing the trip as theme, especially to Europe, as the conductor thread for the investigation.
Abstract: This paper aims at examining the different ways by which Joaquim Nabuco shapes his personality in My Formation, choosing the trip as theme, especially to Europe, as the conductor thread for the investigation. Having always by reference the way by which political and literary values match in his thoughtfulness, we intend to suggest that his subjectivity seems to be elaborated leastwise at two distinct levels, thou tightly articulated. The first one corresponds to the youth of the author, pronounced by a melancholic curiosity that implies, on the limit, a fast and superficial contact with the targets he aims at knowing; the second entails a relation with the tradition level, especially the British one, whose permanence, extension, and variety will promote an ambience of serenity and freedom that turns out to be one kind of axis around which Nabuco conceives his biography.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the political representation in the Brazilian national legislative, discussing authors that point out the disproportion in the representation of population in states as one of the problems to be worked out in Brazilian democracy.
Abstract: This paper analyses the political representation in the Brazilian national legislative, discussing authors that point out the disproportion in the representation of population in states as one of the problems to be worked out in the Brazilian democracy. Based on theoretical considerations and empirical data, we aim to demonstrate the singularity of the political representation in State federative kinds, the imprecise diagnostic of causes and consequences of the unevenness in representing the states, and the impact of forming new states on the political representation. The conclusions advocate the defense, in the name of the federation, of some degree of unevenness in representing Brazilian states in the House of Representatives and to the diagnosis that the generation of poor and populous states is a relevant factor to increase unevenness, with negative impacts not only on the political representation, but also on public finances and social policies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: O fim da Guerra Fria and a redefinicao da ordem internacional, a globalizacao, and a intensificacao dos diversos processos de integracao internaional e a fragmentacao nacional induziram mudancas nos conceitos de seguranca e defesa, levando-se em consideracao as ameacas vindas de fora e de dentro das fronteiras nacionais, tanto em paises desenvolvidos, com
Abstract: O fim da Guerra Fria e a redefinicao da ordem internacional, a globalizacao e a intensificacao dos diversos processos de integracao internacional e a fragmentacao nacional, em conjunto, induziram mudancas nos conceitos de seguranca e defesa. O papel das Forcas Armadas na America Latina tem sido definido (e mesmo imposto) desde o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial pelo hegemon e seu bloco militar aliado, a Otan. O proposito deste artigo e analisar como os militares percebem e reagem a essa nova funcao. Os conceitos de seguranca e defesa sao revistos, levando-se em consideracao as ameacas vindas de fora e de dentro das fronteiras nacionais, tanto em paises desenvolvidos, como em desenvolvimento. A analise tomara o Brasil como referencia empirica. Os militares brasileiros estao ainda confusos sobre sua missao no mundo pos-Guerra Fria, e isso traz consequencias importantes para a politica de defesa do pais e sua adequacao aos novos parâmetros de seguranca internacional.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of the interdict and its relationship with the photographic object is discussed, and the creation of a vigorous market for both images and speeches on the theme is analyzed.
Abstract: This paper works with the problem of the interdict and its relationship with the photographic object. It discusses traumatic images as cultural representations of social suffering, its appropriations for either moral or political purposes, and the social use of suffering as a component of the contemporary globalized economic politics. It also analyses the creation of a vigorous market for both images and speeches on the theme.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an analisar a inter-relacao entre "raca", genero e desejo erotico "inter-racial" in Africa do Sul, a partir do estudo de alguns casesos enquadrados na Immorality Act -a lei that proibia o intercurso carnal "interracial" during the era do apartheid.
Abstract: O objetivo deste artigo e analisar a inter-relacao entre "raca", genero e desejo erotico "inter-racial" na Africa do Sul, a partir do estudo de alguns casos enquadrados na Immorality Act - lei que proibia o intercurso carnal "inter-racial" na era do apartheid. Na Africa do Sul os relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais "inter-raciais" foram regulados (e organizados) explicitamente por uma legislacao especifica, constituida sob a logica de uma razao de Estado. Meu objetivo e ajustar o foco para a percepcao de "raca" que preside esse empreendimento, assim como dar visibilidade a importância das assimetrias de genero e do desejo erotico "inter-racial", que surgem no centro do palco das proibicoes fundantes do regime do apartheid. Olhar contrastivamente para a Africa do Sul permitira, ao final da analise, entrever alguns pontos cegos da ideologia brasileira no que tange as questao relativas a "raca", ao genero e a sexualidade.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of estudias sobre museus in Brazil have been published, focusing on praticas, estruturas, politicas culturais, and processos presentes presentes entre os museus brasileiros.
Abstract: Os estudos sobre museus multiplicaram-se na ultima decada. Os museus ha muito deixaram de ser objeto de historiadores da arte, passando a interessar cientistas sociais, que os percebem como uma das instituicoes centrais da modernidade. No Brasil, observamos, na ultima decada, uma serie de estudos importantes que nos fornecem analises instigantes sobre a constituicao dos museus no seculo XIX, sua relacao com as instituicoes academicas e seu papel na constituicao da nacao. O objetivo deste artigo e ampliar este campo de investigacao. Para isso, analisam-se praticas, estruturas, politicas culturais e processos presentes entre os museus brasileiros, tendo em vista as transformacoes por que passa a sociedade brasileira e sua relacao com contextos transnacionais.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze les pratiques, les structures, les politiques culturelles, and les processus presents entre les musees bresiliens, en vue des transformations par lesquelles passe la societe bresilienne and de sa relation avec les contextes transnationaux.
Abstract: Les etudes a propos des musees se sont multipliees au cours de la derniere decennie. Les musees, jusqu'a lors reduits a l'interet d'historiens d'art, interessent, de nos jours, les scientifiques du domaine ses sciences sociales, qui les percoivent en tant qu'institutions centrales de la modernite. Au Bresil, nous observons, au cours des derniers dix ans, la realisation d'une serie d'etudes importantes qui nous fournissent des analyses instiguantes sur la constitution des musees au XIXe siecle, de leur relation avec les institutions academiques et de leur role dans la constitution de la nation. L'objectif de cet article est d'elargir ce champ d'investigation. Pour cela, nous analysons les pratiques, les structures, les politiques culturelles et les processus presents entre les musees bresiliens, en vue des transformations par lesquelles passe la societe bresilienne et de sa relation avec les contextes transnationaux.