Showing papers in "Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, a revisao bibliografica e de diversas pesquisas empiricas, with destaque aos dados do primeiro Mapeamento Nacional da Economia Solidaria no Brasil, is presented.
Abstract: A economia solidaria compreende um amplo conjunto de experiencias que revigoram as tradicoes associativas dos trabalhadores, gracas a sua enfase na autogestao, a sua abordagem critica da ordem capitalista e a impulsao que propiciam a novos atores sociais, do plano local ao global. Nesse contexto, novas cooperativas de producao e de prestacao de servicos, cuja racionalidade integra quesitos de solidarismo e de empreendedorismo, tem desenvolvido igualmente as dimensoes sociais e politicas da empresa economica, em favor dos trabalhadores, de sorte que o campo heterogeneo e controverso do cooperativismo sofre questionamentos e processos de renovacao. Justifica-se com isso a retomada de questoes referentes ao sentido historico das praticas e da identidade cooperativa. O artigo desenvolve esses temas em perspectiva historica, a partir de revisao bibliografica e de diversas pesquisas empiricas, com destaque aos dados do primeiro Mapeamento Nacional da Economia Solidaria no Brasil.
31 citations
TL;DR: This paper argued that the main source of neo-objectivism in Bourdieu's oeuvre stems from his valuable, but unilateral, emphasis on the tacit or "pre-reflexive" character of the operation of the habitus, which leads him to a theorization that neglects the agentic significance of the actor's reflexive consciousness.
Abstract: The attempt to overcome the subjectivism/objectivism dichotomy is at the root of Bourdieu's praxeological perspective, whose core is the dialectical relation between individual conducts that are subjectively propelled by dispositions integrated into a habitus, on the one hand, and objective structures or "fields" of relations between differentially positioned and empowered agents, on the other. However, this approach has been portrayed by critics as a sophisticated version of neo-objectivism, rather than a satisfactorily synthetic theory of the agency/structure relationship. The article evaluates this critique, defending that the main source of neo-objectivism in Bourdieu's oeuvre stems from his valuable, but unilateral, emphasis on the tacit or "pre-reflexive" character of the operation of the habitus, which leads him to a theorization that neglects the agentic significance of the actor's reflexive consciousness. Finally, based on this diagnosis, the paper delineates some theoretical paths through which Bourdieu's analytical scheme may be inflected towards a more genuinely dialectical treatment of the causal interdependence between individual actions and social structures.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an ecological analysis of criminal offenses to understand the complex nature of violence in order to identify factors influencing behavior, increasing or decreasing the risk of perpetrating violence or being victimized by it in the same or similar socioeconomic conditions.
Abstract: This article intends to go beyond the use of individual and aggregate socioeconomic variables related to poverty, incorporating factors referred to the urban space dimension, which is considered today part of the sociological explanation of crime. The ecological analysis of criminal offenses seeks to understand the complex nature of violence in order to identify factors influencing behavior, increasing or decreasing the risk of perpetrating violence or being victimized by it in the same or similar socioeconomic conditions. Since several indicators are barely measurable, ethnographic research becomes indispensable, what implies the necessary replacement of some concepts, in order to include embodied social practices (ethos) allowing for an articulation between the objective and the subjective, the macro and the micro. Aiming at tracing the complex processes that promote and consolidate such social practices, the research employed the method of extended cases, what made possible to link the local to other spheres of social life in an historical approach involving a plurality of sources. The mapping out of the different dominions in the favelas (militias, factions of the drug trafficking, and other groups) allowed the identification of conflict areas concentrated in the proximity of major highways, ports and airports, what shows a geopolitical configuration of the armed conflicts along the drug trafficking territories. Such outcome is highlighted by the high rate of homicides reported in official databases and in the perceptions of victimization revealed by surveys.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a discussao sobre the implicacoes da escolha de a determinado metodo (quali, quanti ou misto) is discussed.
Abstract: A escolha por metodos quali ou quanti e tradicionalmente mediada pelo debate entre paradigmas de construcao de conhecimento. Geralmente, os livros-texto em metodologia de pesquisa associam os metodos quali ao paradigma construtivista-fenomenologico, enquanto os metodos quanti sao em geral associados a pretensoes positivistas. Esse artigo explora o processo de decisao entre metodologias sob a perspectiva dos mecanismos causais, que vem sendo desenvolvidos sob multiplas orientacoes. Buscamos aprofundar a discussao sobre as implicacoes da escolha de um determinado metodo (quali, quanti ou misto), examinando suas possiveis aplicacoes nas ciencias sociais.
15 citations
TL;DR: This article analyzed how the original text of Raizes do Brasil, published in 1936, was modified in the second and third editions, dated 1948 and 1956, respectively, and concluded that the book's narrative was drawn away from a pragmatic resignation to cordiality and came closer to a promise of civility.
Abstract: This article analyses how the original text of Raizes do Brasil, published in 1936, was modified in the second and third editions, dated 1948 and 1956, respectively. The changes made by Sergio Buarque de Holanda fall into three broad categories: an inversion of the positive view of the Iberian legacy's role in Brazilian development; the replacement of personalism by democracy as a political solution to the challenges posed by the emerging urban order; and the reformulation of the diagnosis on the well succeeded transposition of what he call the "European culture" to Brazil. Thus, the book's narrative was drawn away from a pragmatic resignation to cordiality and came, albeit skeptically, closer to a promise of civility. The article concludes that, considered by the criterion of the defense of democracy, Raizes do Brasil can only be said to be a classic after such movement.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sintese de meu livro, ainda em manuscrito, no qual exploro algumas das metamorfoses da democracia representativa tal como elas se desenvolvem no dominio da opiniao.
Abstract: Proponho uma sintese de meu livro, ainda em manuscrito, no qual exploro algumas das metamorfoses da democracia representativa tal como elas se desenvolvem no dominio da opiniao. A democracia representativa e um sistema diarquico que tem dois pilares: "a decisao" e a "opiniao". Os desafios das democracias constitucionais nao decorrem tanto do primeiro deles (as regras do jogo), mas do segundo: o poder informal do julgamento politico. Atualmente o desenlace da liberdade de expressao e formacao das opinioes politicas parece ser o modo pelo qual um forum publico de ideias pode se manter como um bem publico, monitorando, conhecendo e contrariando radicalmente o poder televisivo e seus efeitos politicos, dado que a industria da informacao em muitas partes do mundo pertence a um pequeno grupo de individuos privados. Apresentado este cenario, pertencente a todas as democracias consolidadas, analisaremos uma desfiguracao da politica democratica em particular: o que chamo de plebiscitarismo de audiencia.
13 citations
TL;DR: A homenagem a Antonio Flavio Pierucci e a trabalho sociologico que nos legou, constitui uma homenaga a Pierucci as discussed by the authors, constitução constitui a homenagição a Antonio's carreira universitaria, suas escolhas intelectuais, seus embates academicos e, sobretudo, apresenta parte de sua obra, enfocando, de forma sucinta, sua sociology da religiao de cort
Abstract: O artigo constitui uma homenagem a Antonio Flavio Pierucci e ao trabalho sociologico que nos legou. Narra sua trajetoria na carreira universitaria, suas escolhas intelectuais, seus embates academicos e, sobretudo, apresenta parte de sua obra, enfocando, de forma sucinta, sua sociologia da religiao de corte weberiano.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a questao do direito do comunidades tradicionais quilombolas no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva politico antropologica is analyzed.
Abstract: O artigo pretende analisar a questao do direito das comunidades tradicionais quilombolas no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva politico antropologica. A analise focaliza a crescente visibilidade do direito etnico na esfera publica brasileira e sua tematizacao na tripla dimensao de justica, qual seja, reconhecimento de identidades e direitos, redistribuicao material e simbolica e representacao politica. Pretende-se investigar as caracteristicas decorrentes do fato de esta identidade aparecer no plano do direito legislativo, visto que e o art. 68 do Ato das Disposicoes Constitucionais Transitorias da Constituicao Federal de 1988 que inaugura esta forma passadista de reinscricao das comunidades quilombolas no presente, muito mais voltado para o passado do que pela capacidade de esses grupos resignificarem suas praticas diante dos desafios e das contingencias impostas pelo contexto socioeconomico e politico atual.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the connections between media and definition of political preferences or, in other words, the action of the media in influencing public opinion, and propose some analytical paths for reaching a more complex and refined vision of the relationship between media, political preferences and vote.
Abstract: The article discusses the connections between media and definition of political preferences or, in other words, the action of the media in influencing public opinion It starts with a critical analysis over the studies on media and elections in Brazil, focusing three topics: the assumption that the processes of communication occur in a unilateral and regulated form, projecting an electorate more homogeneous than it really is; the conception of the media as a monolithic block susceptible of being reduced to the major communication conglomerates; and the understanding of the relations between media and electorate on the basis of those two simplifying presuppositions After such analysis, the authors propose some analytical paths for reaching a more complex and refined vision of the relationship between media, political preferences and vote In this sense, they point to the need of taking into account the diversity of the social environment and the complexity of the communicative processes, in which governmental communication must be considered, as well as the dissonances within media vehicles, and the alternative circuits producing political meanings
12 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess whether state governors influence the votes cast by the senators of their respective states, both in matters of general interest as in those of federative character.
Abstract: The article seeks to understand the decisions made by Brazilian senators in processes of nominal voting at the Senate floor. Specifically, it assesses whether state governors influence the votes cast by the senators of their respective states, both in matters of general interest as in those of federative character. For such assessment, the research controlled the effect of other variables supposed important in explaining the senators' votes. One of its outcomes is the verification that state governors were not veto players in matters of national policies. On the contrary, the results found reinforce the arguments lately prevailing in the literature, which asserts that the strength of the political parties and the executive branch is able to promote the decision-making in Congress and the approval of an agenda of national character.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the explanatory power of four specific characteristics of political competition: the competitiveness of elections, the strength of the opposition, the mechanism of reelection, and the structure of coalitions.
Abstract: Why do politicians practice corrupt acts? The dynamics of political competition has been presented as a major explanatory factor of corruption. To understand the effects of political competition is, nonetheless, necessary to analyze the different incentives arising from the competition dynamics. In order to bring about this analysis, thearticle examines the explanatory power of four specific characteristics of political competition: the competitiveness of elections, the strength of the opposition, the mechanism of reelection, and the structure of coalitions. Such analysis is based on reports, made public by the CGU, providing information about corruption in a random exam of Brazilian municipalities. The results indicate that the mechanism of reelection and the margin of victory in the elections contribute to the explanation of corruption.
TL;DR: The Conselho Federal de Medicina brasileiro aprovou a Resolucao no 1.805/2006, sobre a pratica da ortotanasia, that autoriza o medico a limitar ou suspender tratamentos, no caso de doenca grave sem possibilidades de cura, and a ofertar cuidados paliativos, desde que com consentimento do paciente ou seu representante legal as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: O Conselho Federal de Medicina brasileiro aprovou a Resolucao no 1.805/2006, sobre a pratica da ortotanasia, que autoriza o medico a limitar ou suspender tratamentos, no caso de doenca grave sem possibilidades de cura, e a ofertar cuidados paliativos, desde que com consentimento do paciente ou seu representante legal. Este artigo analisa as falas dos participantes da acao civil publica contra a Resolucao no 1.805/2006, proposta pelo Ministerio Publico Federal, por entender que a ortotanasia viola a lei criminal brasileira. As categorias sofrimento e dignidade (na vida e na morte) foram relacionadas com a evidencia medica de incurabilidade e irreversibilidade, e utilizadas pelos defensores e pelos opositores da regulamentacao. A analise dos discursos dos atores sociais envolvidos no processo indica a formulacao de ideais de pessoa, vida e morte, alem da articulacao entre moral, medicina e direito.
TL;DR: In this paper, an estudo avalia o quanto o conjunto dos pagamentos e arrecadacoes tributarias diretas do Estado afeta diretamente a desigualdade de renda no Brasil.
Abstract: Este estudo avalia o quanto o conjunto dos pagamentos e arrecadacoes tributarias diretas do Estado afeta diretamente a desigualdade de renda no Brasil. Para isso, realiza-se, a partir de dados da POF 2008-2009, uma decomposicao de fatores que medem as contribuicoes para a desigualdade de tributos diretos, salarios dos setores publico e privado, previdencia e assistencia social e outras fontes de rendimento. O conjunto de pagamentos do Estado piora a desigualdade social, mas nem todas as acoes do Estado sao concentradoras. Esses pagamentos favorecem, particularmente, servidores publicos ativos e inativos. Tributos diretos e assistencia social sao progressivos, mas tem efeito limitado. O saldo final dos fluxos monetarios diretos entre pessoas e Estado e regressivo e contribui para cerca de um terco da desigualdade de rendimentos familiares per capita disponiveis.
TL;DR: In this paper, an ethnographical research initiated in 2007, with emphasis on three dimensions: the methodological consequences of the anthropologist's interactions with Portuguese, Brazilian and African persons who frequent the area; the emphasis on observations of a specific street and its sociability dynamics; the reconstitution of some specific networks articulating Bairro Alto night goers.
Abstract: Having sprung up in the 16th century, Bairro Alto is a neighborhood located in Lisbon's downtown area and can be considered a typical popular neighborhood, with a predominantly elderly population, which is historically characterized by various forms of bohemian life. In the 1980's, the rise of increased nightlife activities,followed by some changes that occurred in the neighborhood, attracted a growing number of goers from several social networks. The article presents some outcomes from an ethnographical research initiated in 2007, with emphasis on three dimensions: the methodological consequences of the anthropologist's interactions with Portuguese, Brazilian and African persons who frequent the area; the emphasis on observations of a specific street and its sociability dynamics; the reconstitution of some specific networks articulating Bairro Alto night goers.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate a medida that se revelam nas elaboracoes nativas sobre o passado individual e coletivo, de modo a distinguir aspectos criticos presentes naquelas socialidades.
Abstract: O ponto de partida deste artigo sao as concepcoes de origem presentes nos diferentes relatos e depoimentos, orais e escritos, que pretendem descrever a historia de uma localidade ou de sua fundacao, entre os habitantes dos municipios do medio-norte de Mato Grosso e do sertao de Pernambuco. Embora com pesos relativos e significados distintos nas narrativas sobre o passado e o presente, os referenciais espacial (origem regional) e temporal (origem ancestral) operam complementarmente na producao relacional de identidades e oposicoes nos dois universos sociais aqui delimitados. Essas diferentes enfases e relativizacoes serao exploradas a medida que se revelam nas elaboracoes nativas sobre o passado individual e coletivo, de modo a distinguir aspectos criticos presentes naquelas socialidades. Especialmente, os criterios de inclusao e exclusao coextensivos a formacao das redes de pertencimento, as atuacoes e as concepcoes concernentes a politica e ao Estado e os sentidos e limites implicitos nas nocoes de familia e sociedade mobilizadas nos dois contextos sociais.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the reception in Brazil of the Francophone's ideas of negritude, starting from an analysis of the TEN (the Black Experimental Theater) activities in Rio de Janeiro, between 1949 and early 1950.
Abstract: Starting from an analysis of the TEN (the Black Experimental Theater) activities in Rio de Janeiro, between 1949 and early 1950, the article investigates the reception in Brazil of the Francophone's ideas of Negritude. With such purpose, it traces the origins and the political context of the Black theater as well as the figures responsible for the reception of such ideas. In so doing, it seeks to show the innovative and heterogeneous character of such appropriations, with special emphasis on the essays of sociologist Guerreiro Ramos in the 1950's.
TL;DR: In this article, a texto apresenta o que entendemos por comparacao e discute as possibilidades e os limites de sua aplicacao, aponta as vantagens teoricas da analise comparativa of poucos casos baseada em uma perspectiva historica, defende que o procedimento comparativo nao esgota o empreendimento cientifico nas ciencias sociais, ja que revelar as caus
Abstract: Este texto pretende responder tres questoes: 1) como podemos definir exatamente o procedimento comparativo; 2) como operacionaliza-lo; 3) seria a busca de relacoes de causalidade o fim unico da pesquisa em ciencia politica ou seria necessario ainda complementa-la com um procedimento interpretativo? Inicialmente, o texto apresenta o que entendemos por comparacao e discute as possibilidades e os limites de sua aplicacao nas ciencias sociais; em seguida, aponta as vantagens teoricas da analise comparativa de poucos casos baseada em uma perspectiva historica; por fim, defende que o procedimento comparativo nao esgota o empreendimento cientifico nas ciencias sociais, ja que revelar as causas dos fenomenos sociais nao implica revelar como eles sao produzidos. Por essa razao, acreditamos que uma perspectiva compreensiva e complementar (e nao antagonica) a analise causal comparativa.
TL;DR: The main purpose of as discussed by the authors is to assess the changes in the forms of militancy and participation within the Partido dos Trabalhadores [Workers' Party] over time.
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to assess the changes in the forms of militancy and participation within the Partido dos Trabalhadores [Workers' Party]. In order to attain such objective, the paper analyzes more deeply the emergence and development of two major institutional innovations brought by the Party to the Brazilian party system: the Party Bases Nuclei [Nucleos de Base] and the Process of Direct Elections. Through the analysis of party documents, party data and surveys conducted among PT's delegates between 1997 and 2007, the paper shows that party activities, although more inclusive than they were at the time of the party's foundation and consolidation, are less intense today and have moved to the party structures linked to the electoral competition, as the municipal committees.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the concept of political representation and its criteria of legitimacy from the perspective of civil society, motivated by changes in the relations between State and society and the emergence of representative actors outside the electoral dynamics.
Abstract: The overall purpose of this paper is to present a review of the concept of political representation and its criteria of legitimacy from the perspective of civil society. The study is motivated by changes in the relations between State and society and the emergence of representative actors outside the electoral dynamics. It proposes to assess contemporary representation on the basis of a redefinition of three questions: who represents, what is represented and how representation occurs. This movement requires attention to the ways of inclusion of representatives, to the content to be represented, and to the possibility of accountability and responsiveness. Finally, the paper argues that the construction of a plural concept of representation must overcome the monistic concept of legitimacy focused on the sphere of the State and the electoral procedure. The relationship between representation and democratic legitimacy is contingent and constructed during the representative process.
TL;DR: In this paper, a trabalho concluiça que a competicao vertical e inter-partidaria no presidencialismo de coalizao criaram incentivos for processos incrementais no desenvolvimento das politicas publicas, possibilitando a criacao de programas sociais de carater redistributivo e universalista.
Abstract: Tem sido recorrente nas pesquisas sobre as instituicoes brasileiras argumentos sobre os impactos negativos do federalismo "robusto", da representacao proporcional de lista aberta e de partidos pouco institucionalizados sobre a producao de politicas publicas. O artigo desenvolve um argumento alternativo, em bases comparativas, para dar conta do sucesso inesperado das iniciativas de politica social do governo federal nos anos 1990 e 2000. Sao analisadas dimensoes pouco exploradas no debate sobre as instituicoes politicas brasileiras, no que diz respeito ao papel das coalizoes eleitorais, das dinâmicas partidarias e da competicao vertical, entre esferas de governo, na formulacao de politicas sociais. O trabalho conclui que a competicao vertical e inter-partidaria no presidencialismo de coalizao criaram incentivos para processos incrementais no desenvolvimento das politicas publicas, possibilitando a criacao de programas sociais de carater redistributivo e universalista.
TL;DR: A hipotese principal e que a classe conforma ativamente os padroes de sociabilidade cotidiana and a formacao de estilos de vida as discussed by the authors, inicialmente o artigo faz uma breve incursao pela literatura sociologica atual para descrever os contornos desses debates.
Abstract: Este artigo tem como principal objetivo lidar com um dilema interpretativo no campo da analise de classe e nas ciencias sociais mais amplamente: a analise de classes e util para investigar os padroes de sociabilidade cotidiana? E possivel conectar classe e status? Para tanto, inicialmente o artigo faz uma breve incursao pela literatura sociologica atual para descrever os contornos desses debates. Depois, o artigo produz um estudo empirico que tenta iluminar aspectos da relacao entre classes e praticas sociais. A hipotese principal e que a classe conforma ativamente os padroes de sociabilidade cotidiana e a formacao de estilos de vida.
TL;DR: In this article, a modo como os programas do HGPE de 2010 da entao candidata Dilma Rousseff mobilizaram a tematica do feminino para articular nocoes sobre sua identidade e sobre a interface entre genero e politica, voltamo-nos, inicialmente, as teorias feministas com vistas a mapear quatro discursos recorrentes sobre genero: (1) o discurso da igualdade; (2)
Abstract: Este artigo busca discutir o modo como os programas do HGPE de 2010 da entao candidata Dilma Rousseff mobilizaram a tematica do feminino para articular nocoes sobre sua identidade e sobre a interface entre genero e politica Para tanto, voltamo-nos, inicialmente, as teorias feministas com vistas a mapear quatro discursos recorrentes sobre genero: (1) o discurso da igualdade; (2) a marcacao da diferenca; (3) a etica do cuidado; e (4) o desconstrucionismo Com base nesses discursos, realizamos uma analise dos programas televisivos de Dilma, veiculados no primeiro e no segundo turnos Por fim, discutimos as consequencias da mobilizacao do discurso da etica do cuidado, indicando para uma tensao entre o perigo da essencializacao pasteurizante e os potenciais do essencialismo estrategico
TL;DR: The authors defend a sociologia sistemica de Vilfredo Pareto (1916/1917) and argue that it is a foundation of a sistema complexo.
Abstract: O objetivo central deste artigo e o de rever algumas questoes referentes a historia da ciencia (em particular da sociologia e da fisiologia), no que se refere ao conceito de sistema desenvolvido nas primeiras decadas do seculo XX tanto por Vilfredo Pareto (1916/1917) na sociologia, como pelos fisiologos Lawrence Joseph Henderson e Walter Bradford Cannon, ambos da Universidade de Harvard. Defendemos que a sociologia sistemica de Pareto nao realizou analogias oriundas de outras ciencias, como tem sido apontado; tambem que J. Henderson identificou no sistema social, proposto por Pareto, a mesma fundamentacao epistemologica dos sistemas complexos. Alem disso, a nocao de sistema desenvolvida por Pareto e profundamente semelhante a nocao de homeostase proposta por Cannon em 1932.
TL;DR: The authors reconstructs the conditions under which Bourdieu came to receive the Gold medal of the National Center for Scientific Research, France's highest science prize, in 1993 as a signal case study of the existential predicament and institutional trappings of scholarly consecration.
Abstract: Drawing on archival materials and personal testimonies, I reconstruct the conditions under which Bourdieu came to receive the Gold medal of the National Center for Scientific Research, France's highest science prize, in 1993 as a signal case study of the existential predicament and institutional trappings of scholarly consecration. Bourdieu's award speech and the ceremony at which he read it present a triple interest for the history and sociology of sociology. They illustrate how a shaping figure in the discipline personally experienced, reflexively viewed, and practically navigated the nexus of science, authority, and power. They mark 1993 as a pivot-year in Bourdieu's intellectual evolution, leading to a new agenda foregrounding the state as paramount symbolic power, the alchemy of group formation, and the unfinished promise of democratic politics; and they help explain why he ventured more forthrightly into civic debate in the 1990s. Bourdieu's ambivalent acceptance of the prize also illustrates his conception of the "Realpolitik of reason" and put an emphatic end to the eclipse of Durkheim by restoring sociology to its rightful place at the scientific zenith in the country of its birth.
TL;DR: In this paper, Florestan Fernandes and Gino Germani, in translating the American sociology of modernization to the specificities of the Brazilian and Argentinean societies, respectively, succeeded in achieving creative theoretical syntheses.
Abstract: This article discusses how Florestan Fernandes and Gino Germani, in translating the American sociology of modernization to the specificities of the Brazilian and Argentinean societies, respectively, succeeded in achieving creative theoretical syntheses. In order to discern such theoretical potential, the article contrasts the formulations of those authors with the arguments of Talcott Parsons, a fundamental figure in the systematization of the sociology of modernization. Understanding the process of translation as a dynamic intellectual phenomenon, the article recoups the main texts of Fernandes, Germani, and Parsons, of the years 1960-1970, a decisive period in which the reciprocal displacements between their theorizations were becoming clearer.
TL;DR: In this article, a partir de revisao bibliografica e dos resultados de pesquisas empiricas proprias sobre os banqueiros na America Latina, considera-se que there existe um caminho promissor na relacao entre a analise ancorada no marxismo and o enfoque de redes sociais, concebida especialmente como uma metodologia for o exame de dados relacionais, tradicao tao car
Abstract: A perspectiva da Analise de Redes Sociais, tambem conhecida como analise estrutural, constitui atualmente um espaco para o qual confluem varias disciplinas e tradicoes intelectuais com diferentes enfoques teoricos e reune autores e instituicoes com interesses muito diversos. Avaliada como uma metodologia especifica para o estudo das relacoes sociais, este trabalho examina os alcances e os limites desta perspectiva para analisar as classes sociais e a pertinencia de sua relacao com a tradicao teorica marxista. A partir de revisao bibliografica e dos resultados de pesquisas empiricas proprias sobre os banqueiros na America Latina, considera-se que existe um caminho promissor na relacao entre a analise ancorada no marxismo e o enfoque de redes sociais, concebida especialmente como uma metodologia para o exame de dados relacionais, tradicao tao cara a concepcao marxista.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the influence of gouverneurs on the votes exprimes par les senateurs de leurs Etats respectifs, aussi bien en ce qui concerne les sujets d'interet general que ceux de caractere federal.
Abstract: Cet article cherche a comprendre les decisions prises par les senateurs bresiliens en votes nominatifs dans l'enceinte du Senat. Il evalue, en particulier, si les gouverneurs influencent les votes exprimes par les senateurs de leurs Etats respectifs, aussi bien en ce qui concerne les sujets d'interet general que ceux de caractere federal. Pour cela, nous controlons l'effet d'autres variables soi-disant importantes pour les expliquer. Nous avons constate que les gouverneurs ne se sont pas presentes comme des acteurs de veto aux politiques nationales. Au contraire, les resultats rencontres renforcent les arguments de la litterature qui a prevalu dernierement, qui affirme que la force des partis politiques et du Pouvoir Executif est en mesure de promouvoir la prise de decisions au Congres et l'approbation d'un programme de caractere national.
TL;DR: In a recent work as mentioned in this paper, a trabalho pioneiro de descolonizacao epistemica pelas vias de uma leitura bastante local de Marx fornece pistas for uma ciencia social e uma critica cultural pos-coloniais.
Abstract: Nas ultimas duas decadas, os estudos pos-coloniais tem avancado severas criticas a modelos de explicacao sobre o desenvolvimento historico em sociedades perifericas e pos-coloniais que se baseiam em um modelo de referencias eurocentricas. Em dialogo com essa literatura, este trabalho busca mostrar como o marxismo paulista das decadas de 1960 e 1970 buscou reconstruir aquelas estruturas categoriais e avancar modelos analiticos criticos a partir de um "ponto de vista periferico", uma vez que a critica a modernidade brasileira e elaborada como momento de uma critica a modernidade global. Este artigo mostra como aquele trabalho pioneiro de descolonizacao epistemica pelas vias de uma leitura bastante local de Marx fornece pistas para uma ciencia social e uma critica cultural pos-coloniais.
TL;DR: In this article, a study focused on how female and male lawyers and judges experience and attribute meaning to difference and diversity in their professional trajectory, focusing on how professionalism intersects with social markers, especially gender and sexuality.
Abstract: Instead of drawing attention to similarities among peers in the legal world, this study emphasizes how female and male lawyers and judges experience and attribute meaning to difference and diversity in their professional trajectory. It focuses on how professionalism intersects with social markers, especially gender and sexuality. The data collected shows the new organization of Sao Paulo law firms and the composition of the Sao Paulo State Court and the Federal Regional Court, which provides a comparative perspective on gender stratification of private and public legal practice. The research team interviewed 24 lawyers, 18 state judges and 10 federal court judges (women and men) providing material to support a classification of how lawyers and judges perceive inclusion and diversity or discrimination and prejudice in their careers.