Showing papers in "Revista Ciencias de la Salud in 2011"

Automedicación y términos relacionados: una reflexión conceptual

Abstract: Introduction: self-medication has become a growing practice in the world population. This phenomenon has been promoted as a form of self-care, with a positive impact on reducing spending in health systems, however there is concern about the potential negative effects related to inadequate diagnosis and treatment, which can affect health of individuals. This dual perception of the phenomenon is partly related to a variety of terms and concepts used, that make difficult its theoretical and empirical approach. Harmonization of the definitions involved is required in order to make adequate epidemiological comparisons. Objectives : analyze the concept of self medication and related terms from the definitions in the literature of the subject. Conclusions: in the last four decades it has been an evolution of both the wording and the definitions related to self-medication, from a very simple concept that implies the absence of prescription, to more complex ones that encompass very diverse behaviors, even those mediated by an act of prescription but not followed or not completed by the patient. Additionally the conceptual proliferation seen, justify the ordering of the terms related to self-medication. This paper presents a proposal for classification in four groups: a. self-medication, b. self care, c. pharmaceutical preparations and medicines, and d. prescription. This proposal should facilitate the exploration and analysis of the phenomenon and allow future theoretical approaches.

Modelo predictivo del grado de discapacidad en adultos con lesión medular: resultados desde el WHO-DAS II

Abstract: Objective: To establish a prediction model of the degree of disability in adults with Spinal CordInjury (SCI ) based on the use of the WHO-DAS II . Methods: The disability degree was correlatedwith three variable groups: clinical, sociodemographic and those related with rehabilitation services.A model of multiple linear regression was built to predict disability. 45 people with sci exhibitingdiverse etiology, neurological level and completeness participated. Patients were older than 18 andthey had more than a six-month post-injury. The WHO-DAS II and the ASIA impairment scale(AIS ) were used. Results: Variables that evidenced a significant relationship with disability were thefollowing: occupational situation, type of affiliation to the public health care system, injury evolutiontime, neurological level, partial preservation zone, ais motor and sensory scores and number ofclinical complications during the last year. Complications significantly associated to disability werejoint pain, urinary infections, intestinal problems and autonomic disreflexia. None of the variablesrelated to rehabilitation services showed significant association with disability. The disability degreeexhibited significant differences in favor of the groups that received the following services: assistivedevices supply and vocational, job or educational counseling. Conclusions: The best predictiondisability model in adults with sci with more than six months post-injury was built with variablesof injury evolution time, AIS sensory score and injury-related unemployment.

Impacto de un programa de promoción de actividad física en mujeres trabajadoras de dos empresas de Bogotá

Abstract: Active and healthy lifestyles have been associated with better quality of life in working women. Objective: To establish the effectiveness of a physical activity program to improve fitness components in working women from two Colombian companies. Materials and methods: A longitudinal, exploratory, descriptive study was conducted, previous and later measurements about the quantitative aspects of fitness were taken. Women in the study were between 24-49 years old, without associated risk factors or physical activity practice restrictions according to PARQ & YOU questionnaire. 15 women (37,33 ±9,3) voluntarily decided to join for the intervention on physical activity for a period of 12 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS 17. Results: Statistical changes appeared after the intervention, body mass index (BMI) (p = 0,023), abdominal strength (p = 0,004) and lower limbs strength (p = 0,001). There were no significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake and flexibility. Conclusion: From these results, it was established that the implemented physical activity promotion protocol was effective to change fitness of women who completed the program, meaning that it can be replicated with effective results after its completition.

Implementación de ‘Escuela de espalda’ mediante la técnica de ‘Core’ en una fábrica de geotextiles para la prevención del dolor lumbar

Abstract: Introduction: This article aims to show an alternative intervention for the prevention and control of back pain to the people of a production plant of geotextiles for the construction exposed to handling and awkward postures through the implementation of the Back School using the CORE technique. This technique being understood as trainer of the stability musculature of the spine; whose benefit is proportionate the muscular complex of the back, stability and avoid osteomuscular lesions and improved posture. Objective: To present the results about the implementation of the back school by the CORE technique for prevention of back pain in a population of forty-eight male collaborators. Materials and methods: The back school began with talks of awareness by the occupational health physician explaining the objectives and benefits of it to all participants. Once this activity was done, was continued to evaluate all plant employees to establish health status through the PAR-Q questionnaire, who were surveyed for the perception of pain using visual analog scale (VAS) and stability was determined column through the CORE assessment, to determine the training plan. Then, were made every six months the revaluations and implementation of a survey of assistant public perception to identify the impact of the implementation of the school back on the two variables referred (pain perception and stability of column). Results: The pain perception according VAS increased in the number of workers asymptomatic in 12% and based in the satisfaction survey 94% of population reported that with the development of this technique decrease the muscle fatigue in lumbar level; and 96% of population reported an improvement in the performance of their work activities. Discussion: Posterior to the analysis of all results, it is interpreted that back schools practice through CORE technique, contributes to the prevention and / or control of symptoms at the lumbar level in population of productive sector exposed to risks derived from the physical load, provided that ensure its continuously development and supervised for a competent professional.

Pasometría: estrategia de intervención y promoción de la actividad física

Abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized physical activity (PA) as one of the mostrelevant strategies leading the decreasing prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Pedometer has emerged as one of the valid intervention programs, reliable and useful to assess,measure and promote the physical activity practice, through counts the number of steps perday. One of the aims is to establish the goals based on steps per day made by a person and thepositive feedback, which can generate behavior changes and adoption of healthy habits, from a regular physical activity practice perspective. This review attends to enhance the current state ofpedometer program, as an intervention one, in all kind of population; its health impact and theapplication methodologies, using the pedometer as a steps quantifier device, with feasible access,use and management. Additionally, the review will be useful as a framework to design futureresearch projects, aim to develop, adapt and apply evidence based pedometer protocols, insideclinical, academic and community context.

Caracterización citogenética de lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: calliphoridae), Cepa Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract: Objective: Lucilia sericata is an important species for medical and forensic purposes, it is used inmaggot therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds and in medical-legal studies for establishingthe post-mortem interval and the transfer of corpses. Currently there are no records of thecytogenetic characteristics of this fly in Neotropical region. The main objective of this study wasto identify morphometric characteristics and primary structures from karyotype of L. sericatastrain Bogota, Colombia. Methods and materials: Embryonated eggs were taken, which werepreviously surface sterilized, macerated and then seeded in L-15 medium culture, supplementedwith 20% fbs and incubated at 28 oC, without C02 atmosphere. The preparation of chromosomeswas obtained from semiconfluent monolayers, pretreated with various solutions: antimitotic (Colchicine),hypotonic (KCl 0.075 M) and fixative (Carnoy, methanol and acetic acid, 3:1). C-bandingtechnique was carried out to identify chromosomal regions of constitutive heterochromatin.Results: Morphometric parameters were obtained from each pair of chromosomes. The diploidkaryotype number obtained from cell cultures was 2n = 12; they were classified morphologically,according to patterns established previously, as follows: pairs I, II, IV and V were metacentricand pair III was submetacentric. On the other hand, the sexual pair was heteromorphic, beingX chromosome metacentric and Y chromosome submetacentric. C banding was positive for allchromosome pairs. Conclusions: The cytogenetic characteristics of L. sericata, strain Bogota,were established according to number, shape, centromer position and heterochromatic regions.

Comparación de la presión del manguito del tubo orotraqueal estimada por palpación frente a la medición tomada con un manómetro

Abstract: The pressure exerted by the cuff of endotracheal tube (ETT) on the mucosa to be blown, should be kept in a safe range to avoid complications by on inflation or deflation. In our context, the objective measurement instruments are not commonly used. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between ETT cuff pressure estimated by palpation, and that obtained with a manual gauge in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Materials and methods: It was performed a cross-sectional study by obtaining the sample of adult patients undergoing general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. We included forty patients who were intubated and then two blind anesthesiologists, other than the one who intubated, estimated insufflation of ETT cuff by palpation categorizing as over-inflated, normal or deflated. One of the observers subsequently, carried out the measurement of pressure with a manometer, both in inspiration and expiration. It was considered as normal pressure range 20 to 30 cm H2O. Results: The correlation of the estimation by palpation between the two anesthesiologists was weak (Kappa = 0.21, ES: 0.11). The correlation of the estimation by palpation and measurement with manual gauge was very weak. Between the first anesthesiologist and observers, in inspiration the . was 0.08 (ES: 0.09), in expiration was 0.08 (ES: 0.07), also between the second anesthesiologist and the observers, . 0.05 (ES: 0.07) and 0.02 (ES: 0.06) respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that the correlation between subjective and objective methods to determine if the cuff of ETT is properly inflated was weak. It suggests the use of more objective methods for its determination.

Situación actual del conocimiento acerca del suicidio en las personas con cáncer

Abstract: Aim: To review the current knowledge about suicide in cancer patients. Method: We searchedspecialized databases using keywords for articles published in the last two decades (1990-2010),and compiled and reviewed them in order to: indicate the prevalence of suicide in cancer patientsworldwide and in Colombia, differentiating the data by sex and age; establish the types of cancerthat are associated with suicide, identify risk factors for committing or considering suicide andpresent the strategies of professional and psychological intervention directed at cancer patientswith suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The present article is a review of the information on thesubject. Results: We found that: in cancer patients, the suicide rate is two times higher thanin the general population; depression, suicidal ideation and location of cancer are some of therisk factors for suicide, and there is a lack of published guidelines for professional managementof the suicidal patient with cancer. Conclusion: The need to carry out research on the topic ofsuicide in cancer patients was established.

Effect of joint mobilization on the H Reflex amplitude in people with spasticity

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization on the H reflex amplitude of thesoleus muscle in people with spasticity. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study withcrossover design and simple masking was conducted in 24 randomized subjects to initiate thecontrol or experimental group. Traction and rhythmic oscillation were applied for five minutesto the ankle joint. H wave amplitude changes of Hoffmann reflex (electrical equivalent of themonosynaptic spinal reflex) was assessed, stimulating the tibial nerve at the level of the poplitealfossa and recording in the soleus muscle. In each subject 12 measurements were taken: basalrate, during and after mobilization. Changes in H reflex amplitude were calculated in relationto basal measurement. For each measurement a hypothesis test was performed (Student t test).Results: In groups of patients with brain injury and incomplete spinal cord injury, a significantdifference was found between measurements of both studies, concerning variation in H reflexamplitude during the application of joint mobilization techniques, with a decrease in the experimentalgroup and an increase in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences werefound after mobilization therapy. Patients with complete spinal cord injury showed no significantdifferences in any measurements. Conclusion: We demonstrate the effectiveness of jointmobilization in the decrease of H reflex amplitude in patients with brain injury or incompletespinal cord injury during the mobilization maneuver, but no residual effect after completion ofthe trial. This research showed no evidence regarding excitability reduction in complete spinalcord injury. We suggest that therapeutic interventions to decrease muscle tone based on the jointmobilization should be reconsidered.

Descripción de los factores de riesgo para recaída en pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno mental

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the population served in mental health institutionsfor mental illness relapse, and the process of identifying risk factors in relapsing patientsdiagnosed with severe mental illness. To this end a descriptive exploratory multicenter, multistageepidemiological study was carried out in mental health institutions of the Order of San Juan deDios Hospital (OHSJD) with hospitalized relapsing patients with a diagnosis of severe mentaldisorder. This study comes from a working network of Psychology professionals in the OHSJDnationwide. Materials and methods: The population sample was of 1005 patients diagnosed withsevere mental disorders, who had presented relapse during the last year. First, the characterizationof the general population was conducted; then, it was narrowed down to the centers, taking intoaccount similarities and differences found according to the clinical and demographic variables.Results: Major risk factors for relapse found in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorderswere: having between 38 and 58 years of age, being female, single, graduates, unemployed, witha prevalence of bipolar affective disorder diagnosis, number of hospitalizations between 2 and10, number of drugs at the time of leaving hospital 2 to 6, with severe difficulties relating withothers and difficulties in adherence to treatment. The need for a caregiver was also found, as wellas a limited number of received psychological interventions. How the system of beliefs affects thedisease and the poor adherence to treatment was identified. Conclusions: These results indicatethe requirement of a design of team intervention strategies, ranging from the assessment team(home), definition of therapeutic action plans (for) and the posthospitalizacion (egress) following.There is a poor support network and limited adherence to comprehensive treatment.

Virginia Apgar y la música de cuerdas

Abstract: Virginia Apgar (1909-1974) is one of the most recognized American doctors, worldwide known by his contribution as the developer of the "Apgar test" a method used for the evaluation of newborns all over the world. She had many interests. She was anesthesiologist, a brilliant teacher and researcher, but she also loved lecture, basketball, fishing, golf, philately, and music. She played violin and cello and she interpreted that instruments in various chamber groups. Being motivated by one of her patients, Carleen Hutchinson, a science and music teacher, she made four instruments, viola, violin, cello, and mezzo violin. Nearly twenty years of her death, on October 24 1994, on the occasion of the annual meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the issue by American Postal Service of a stamp honoring her, some of the preferred Dr. Apgar music pieces where performed with the instruments she made. Her life mixed different activities and let invaluable contributions for humanity.

Comparison of the orotracheal tube cuff pressure estimated by palpation vs. the measurement taken with a manometer.

Abstract: The pressure exerted by the cuff of endotracheal tube (ETT) on the mucosa to be blown, should be kept in a safe range to avoid complications by on inflation or deflation. In our context, the objective measurement instruments are not commonly used. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between ETT cuff pressure estimated by palpation, and that obtained with a manual gauge in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Materials and methods: It was performed a cross-sectional study by obtaining the sample of adult patients undergoing general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. We included forty patients who were intubated and then two blind anesthesiologists, other than the one who intubated, estimated insufflation of ETT cuff by palpation categorizing as over-inflated, normal or deflated. One of the observers subsequently, carried out the measurement of pressure with a manometer, both in inspiration and expiration. It was considered as normal pressure range 20 to 30 cm H 2 O. Results: The correlation of the estimation by palpation between the two anesthesiologists was weak (Kappa = 0.21, ES: 0.11). The correlation of the estimation by palpation and measurement with manual gauge was very weak. Between the first anesthesiologist and observers, in inspiration the κ was 0.08 (ES: 0.09), in expiration was 0.08 (ES: 0.07), also between the second anesthesiologist and the observers, κ 0.05 (ES: 0.07) and 0.02 (ES: 0.06) respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that the correlation between subjective and objective methods to determine if the cuff of ETT is properly inflated was weak. It suggests the use of more objective methods for its determination.

Enfermedad neonatal temprana por Streptococcus agalactiae en una unidad de recién nacidos, factores de riesgo materno-fetales asociados a severidad y mortalidad

Abstract: Maternal colonization of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in developing countries is 4-20%, 50% of their children born colonized and 1-2% develop invasive disease at high risk of mortality and sequelae. Objective: determine maternal-fetal risk factors associated with severe disease and mortality of GBS in a neonatal nursery. Materials and methods: an observational study of historical cohort during a period of 2 years. It took eleven cases with invasive disease and fifteen controls. We calculated absolute and relative frequencies and associations were sought by calculating the statistic chi2. Results: The predictive maternal factors included GBS disease, peripartum fever greater than 37.5 degrees Celsius (p < 0.05), chorioamnionitis and rupture of membranes more than 18 hours (p < 0.05). Neonatal risk factors included prematurity (< 37 weeks) and low birth weight (< 2500 grams) (p < 0.05). We found a mortality of 5 (45%). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant relationship between maternal chorioamnionitis, rupture of membranes more than 18 hours, prematurity and low birth weight with disease severity and mortality. The estimated incidence of neonatal infection in the nursery was 1.8 per 1000 live births and maternal colonization was 4.3 cases per 1000 maternal. Further studies should be conducted in the country to establish the true incidence of neonatal GBS disease and do research on cost-effectiveness of preventive measures.

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGS): Resourceful tools for financial crisis times?

Abstract: Resumen en: This document is intended to be read by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection (former MoH) and includes some recommendations that could be implemen...

Efecto de la movilización articular sobre la amplitud del Reflejo H en personas con espasticidad

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization on the H reflex amplitude of thesoleus muscle in people with spasticity. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study withcrossover design and simple masking was conducted in 24 randomized subjects to initiate thecontrol or experimental group. Traction and rhythmic oscillation were applied for five minutesto the ankle joint. H wave amplitude changes of Hoffmann reflex (electrical equivalent of themonosynaptic spinal reflex) was assessed, stimulating the tibial nerve at the level of the poplitealfossa and recording in the soleus muscle. In each subject 12 measurements were taken: basalrate, during and after mobilization. Changes in H reflex amplitude were calculated in relationto basal measurement. For each measurement a hypothesis test was performed (Student t test).Results: In groups of patients with brain injury and incomplete spinal cord injury, a significantdifference was found between measurements of both studies, concerning variation in H reflexamplitude during the application of joint mobilization techniques, with a decrease in the experimentalgroup and an increase in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences werefound after mobilization therapy. Patients with complete spinal cord injury showed no significantdifferences in any measurements. Conclusion: We demonstrate the effectiveness of jointmobilization in the decrease of H reflex amplitude in patients with brain injury or incompletespinal cord injury during the mobilization maneuver, but no residual effect after completion ofthe trial. This research showed no evidence regarding excitability reduction in complete spinalcord injury. We suggest that therapeutic interventions to decrease muscle tone based on the jointmobilization should be reconsidered.

El capital social de la comunidad científica

Abstract: La utilidad del conocimiento esta en la manera como la sociedad se beneficia de el, por esto los academicos buscan divulgar los resultados de sus reflexiones y proyectos de investigacion. Socia-lizar el conocimiento es un pretexto para construir comunidad academica, de ahi que las revistas cientificas se convierten en un instrumento que contribuye con este proposito. La construccion de comunidades academicas congrega las capacidades tecnicas, cientificas y humanas de los indi-viduos que las conforman para hacer posible el desarrollo social. La formacion y el desempeno de los profesionales de la salud requiere conocer y actuar en consecuencia con el compromiso que tenemos con el desarrollo, al ser parte de comunidades ge-neradoras de capital social. Para esto es preciso recordar el significado de este compromiso. En las ultimas decadas el concepto de capital social se incluye en los procesos de desarrollo. Este concepto gira alrededor de factores intangibles como los valores, las normas y las actitudes de confianza, e incluso las redes sociales que facilitan la coordinacion y cooperacion para lograr propositos conjuntos. La

Description of the risk factors for relapse in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders.

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the population served in mental health institutionsfor mental illness relapse, and the process of identifying risk factors in relapsing patientsdiagnosed with severe mental illness. To this end a descriptive exploratory multicenter, multistageepidemiological study was carried out in mental health institutions of the Order of San Juan deDios Hospital (OHSJD) with hospitalized relapsing patients with a diagnosis of severe mentaldisorder. This study comes from a working network of Psychology professionals in the OHSJDnationwide. Materials and methods: The population sample was of 1005 patients diagnosed withsevere mental disorders, who had presented relapse during the last year. First, the characterizationof the general population was conducted; then, it was narrowed down to the centers, taking intoaccount similarities and differences found according to the clinical and demographic variables.Results: Major risk factors for relapse found in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorderswere: having between 38 and 58 years of age, being female, single, graduates, unemployed, witha prevalence of bipolar affective disorder diagnosis, number of hospitalizations between 2 and10, number of drugs at the time of leaving hospital 2 to 6, with severe difficulties relating withothers and difficulties in adherence to treatment. The need for a caregiver was also found, as wellas a limited number of received psychological interventions. How the system of beliefs affects thedisease and the poor adherence to treatment was identified. Conclusions: These results indicatethe requirement of a design of team intervention strategies, ranging from the assessment team(home), definition of therapeutic action plans (for) and the posthospitalizacion (egress) following.There is a poor support network and limited adherence to comprehensive treatment.

Self-medication and related terms: a conceptual reflection

Abstract: Introduction: self-medication has become a growing practice in the world population. This phenomenon has been promoted as a form of self-care, with a positive impact on reducing spending in health systems, however there is concern about the potential negative effects related to inadequate diagnosis and treatment, which can affect health of individuals. This dual perception of the phenomenon is partly related to a variety of terms and concepts used, that make difficult its theoretical and empirical approach. Harmonization of the definitions involved is required in order to make adequate epidemiological comparisons. Objectives: analyze the concept of self medication and related terms from the definitions in the literature of the subject. Conclusions: in the last four decades it has been an evolution of both the wording and the definitions related to self-medication, from a very simple concept that implies the absence of prescription, to more complex ones that encompass very diverse behaviors, even those mediated by an act of prescription but not followed or not completed by the patient. Additionally the conceptual proliferation seen, justify the ordering of the terms related to self-medication. This paper presents a proposal for classification in four groups: a. self-medication, b. self care, c. pharmaceutical preparations and medicines, and d. prescription. This proposal should facilitate the exploration and analysis of the phenomenon and allow future theoretical approaches.

Caracterización de pacientes adultos mayores con epilepsia en dos hospitales de Bogotá (Colombia)

Abstract: Epilepsy’s overall prevalence in Colombia is 1.13%. Its prevalence in patients aged over 65 could be around 1.5%. Objective: describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients older than 65 years of age with epilepsy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in two high complexity hospitals in Bogota, Colombia during 2005-2008. Demographic data were compiled and patients characterized regarding the type, frequency and diagnosis of seizures (based on ILAE classification), probable etiology, having a family background of epilepsy, and current pharmacological management. Results: 211 clinical histories were reviewed and 179 of them selected. Mean patient age was 75 (65-98) and average age at onset of epilepsy was 67.5 (7-93). 84% of the seizures were classified as being focal. The most frequently occurring diagnosis was symptomatic focal epilepsy (94.4%). 74 cases (41.3%) had an etiological diagnosis. The most important cause was cerebrovascular disease (61 patients). First generation anti-epileptic drugs were the most used ones (99%). 81/104 patients were found not to be free from epileptic episodes. Conclusions: Most seizures have a partial beginning, resulting from symptomatic partial epilepsy as a consequence of a vascular lesion. Pharmacological treatment must be considered following the first seizure. Treatment with second generation anti-epileptic drugs such as Lamotrigine, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam and Topiramate must be begun for minimizing secondary effects and low doses must be maintained from the start of treatment. Costs may limit the use of the above antiepileptic drugs, in such cases Phenytoin and Carbamazepine may be used with extreme caution.

Current status of knowledge about suicide in people with cancer

Abstract: Aim: To review the current knowledge about suicide in cancer patients. Method: We searchedspecialized databases using keywords for articles published in the last two decades (1990-2010),and compiled and reviewed them in order to: indicate the prevalence of suicide in cancer patientsworldwide and in Colombia, differentiating the data by sex and age; establish the types of cancerthat are associated with suicide, identify risk factors for committing or considering suicide andpresent the strategies of professional and psychological intervention directed at cancer patientswith suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The present article is a review of the information on thesubject. Results: We found that: in cancer patients, the suicide rate is two times higher thanin the general population; depression, suicidal ideation and location of cancer are some of therisk factors for suicide, and there is a lack of published guidelines for professional managementof the suicidal patient with cancer. Conclusion: The need to carry out research on the topic ofsuicide in cancer patients was established.

Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico (grd ): ¿herramientas de pago en tiempos de crisis?

Abstract: This document is intended to be read by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection (former MoH) and includes some recommendations that could be implemented on the aim to increase allocative efficiency, thus improving macroeconomic performance of the Colombian Health System (CHS). It will be conducted as follows: first it will briefly review the background and actual context of the CHS, after this, will mention some related issues that justify a policy intervention on strategic purchasing to promote long run sustainability and hopefully the future attainment of major goals such as universal coverage and quality improvement. After prioritizing the main financial threats to the system, based on findings from literature review from countries that have successfully implemented similar policies, this paper will make some policy recommendations on regards especially to inpatient health care services in Colombia.

Cambios de comportamiento, uso y beneficios de un programa comunitario para la promoción de la actividad física

Abstract: Objective: To determine the change of behavior in physical activity and the characteristics associated with the use and benefits of Local Physical Activity Center (CLAF) in the population of the town of Santa Fe de Bogota. Materials and methods: We conducted a longitudinal study before and after, which was assessed at admission and 3 months in the intervention program CLAF physical activity, behavior change compared to the physical activity of users. Inclusion criteria: were being active user of CLAF, aged between 15 and 65 years and voluntarily express their participation in the study. Exclusion criteria: Fill incomplete measurement instruments used. The sampling frame of CLAF users, we selected n=55 subjects. To gather information, a questionnaire, which contained the behavioral stages of change, also conducted a survey which determined semistructured features about the benefits and use of CLAF. Results: The total study participants was n = 55, mean age was 40.4 ± 15.3 years, with a minimum 15 and maximum of 64 years, 83.6% were women. 78.2% do not know the purpose of the Local Centre for Physical Activity. The outreach strategy that most came to the group was 58.2 with a verbal type. The time for links to CLAF more frequently in the group evaluated was 1 to 6 months 36.4. The motivation to regularly attend the CLAF in the majority was to improve the physical and / or a 74.5% mental. 89.1% would be willing to recommend to others the use of CLAF. A 81.8% of the population physical activity performed by more than 150 min / wk at moderate intensity; Post CLAF intervention in the subjects showed positive changes in the level of physical activity (p<0.001, Test de Wilcoxon) and behavioral state (p<0.001, Test de Wilcoxon).

Variables asociadas a abuso físico y psicológico a la pareja

Abstract: Physical and psychological abuse (spouse abuse) are a common public health problem in women of Colombia. However, few investigations explore the variables associated in adult women. Objective: To establish psychosocial variables associated with spouse abuse in women in situations of vulnerability Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in which participated of adult women with a current partner dwelling in low socioeconomic status. It was applied the scales: family Apgar (family dysfunction), Rosenberg Scale (self-esteem), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12, common mental disorders) and Index of Spouse Abuse (physical abuse, ISA-F and; psychological abuse, ISA-P). Logistic regression was used to adjust associated variables with physical abuse and psychological abuse. Results: A total of 292 women participated. The mean age was 33.0 years (SD = 9.23) and for schooling, 6.7 years (SD = 2.8). The prevalence of 29.1% low self-esteem, family dysfunction was 82.5% of common mental disorders, 73.6%, psychological abuse, 68.5% and physical abuse, 70.2%. Common mental disorders (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 2.2-7.5), low self-esteem (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) and family dysfunction (OR = 2.3, 95% IC 1.1-4.8%) were associated with psychological abuse and low self-esteem (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-5.0) and; common mental disorders (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.4) with physical abuse. Conclusions: It is high the frequency of physical abuse and psychological abuse (spouse abuse) among women of low socioeconomic status of Bogota. Common mental disorders and low self-esteem are associated with spouse abuse.

Passometria: estrategia de intervenção e promoção da atividade física

Abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized physical activity (PA) as one of the most relevant strategies leading the decreasing prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Pedometer has emerged as one of the valid intervention programs, reliable and useful to assess, measure and promote the physical activity practice, through counts the number of steps per day. One of the aims is to establish the goals based on steps per day made by a person and the positive feedback, which can generate behavior changes and adoption of healthy habits, from a

Impact of a physical activity promotion program in worker women from two companies in Bogotá (Colombia)

Abstract: Active and healthy lifestyles have been associated with better quality of life in working women. Objective: To establish the effectiveness of a physical activity program to improve fitness components in working women from two Colombian companies. Materials and methods: A longitudinal, exploratory, descriptive study was conducted, previous and later measurements about the quantitative aspects of fitness were taken. Women in the study were between 24-49 years old, without associated risk factors or physical activity practice restrictions according to PARQ & YOU questionnaire. 15 women (37,33 ±9,3) voluntarily decided to join for the intervention on physical activity for a period of 12 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS 17. Results: Statistical changes appeared after the intervention, body mass index (BMI) (p = 0,023), abdominal strength (p = 0,004) and lower limbs strength (p = 0,001). There were no significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake and flexibility. Conclusion: From these results, it was established that the implemented physical activity promotion protocol was effective to change fitness of women who completed the program, meaning that it can be replicated with effective results after its completition.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and primary dysmenorrhea: a case report

Abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain during the menstrual cycle. The A delta and C fibers aresensitized by the increased release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, thus causing pain. TransElectric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a physiotherapeutic strategy that mitigatespain sensation. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present six cases of women in childbearingage who were diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and received transcutaneous electricnerve stimulation. Materials and methods: A type of study, case report, was conducted with sixwomen between 15 and 25 years of age with medical diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea. Weassessed pain intensity utilizing the visual analogue pain scale and located the pain by usinga pain test map. Results: Pain intensity decreased in all treated women. Conclusion: Transcutaneouselectric nerve stimulation (TENS) is a physiotherapeutic strategy that mitigates painsensation. We conclude that high frequency TENSis a safe noninvasive modality to achievereduction of pain in primary dysmenorrhea.