Showing papers in "Revista de História in 2016"

O que dizem as licenças? flexibilização da legislação e recrutamento particular de trabalhadores indígenas no estado do maranhão (1680-1755)

Abstract: In this study we organize information contained in the licenses granted to Portuguese colonists to carry out private ransoms (resgates) and descents (descimentos) in the state of Maranhao e Grao-Para during the colonial period. Analyzing them together with the economic and social events and the legislation of this period, we seek to grasp the evolution of the recruitment’s system of Indian workers in the Amazon region, especially during the first half of the eighteenth century.

Imprensa, esfera pública e memória operária – rio de janeiro (1880-1920)

Abstract: A experiencia de trabalhadores com a imprensa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro constitui-se no interior do movimento de ampliacao da cultura letrada, dos circuitos de comunicacao social e das tensoes que marcaram esse processo na passagem do seculo XIX para o XX. Este artigo mapeia a distribuicao espacial desses periodicos e suas redacoes e analisa a atuacao dos mesmos como espacos de organizacao e afirmacao da presenca publica dos trabalhadores na cidade. Destaca, no interior dessa imprensa, as iniciativas voltadas para a producao e coleta de testemunhos historicos procurando compreende-las como estrategias de afirmacao de identidades operarias e de legitimacao de suas memorias e historias.

Saber y poder en la transición chilena: los pobladores como campo de disputa política

Abstract: espanolEn este articulo analizamos, de forma critica, la construccion que la sociologia y la nueva historia social hicieron de los pobladores, en la decada de los ochenta. Nuestra revision presenta los conceptos fundamentales y los presupuestos epistemologicos y politicos que subyacen en ambas perspectivas. Concluimos que dicha produccion teorica es la expresion de una disputa en torno al sentido que debia tomar la transicion a la democracia y el papel que en ella podian jugar los sectores populares. EnglishIn this article, we analyze critically, the construction of the dwellers that the sociology and the new social history made in the 1980s. Our review shows the fundamental concepts and the epistemological and political assumptions, which underlie in both perspectives. We conclude that the exposed theoretical production is the expression of a clash around the meaning that should take the democratic transition and the role that the popular sectors could play in it.

De escravo a (rico) liberto: a trajetória do africano Manoel Joaquim Ricardo na Bahia oitocentista

Abstract: The article discusses Manuel Joaquim Ricardo’s life trajectory, an African of Hausa origin who disembarked in Bahia in the early nineteenth century as slave and died there as a rich freedman in 1865. His life in Brazil allows us to understand the possibilities and limitations to the Africans’ social mobility under slavery and in freedom. Among the mechanisms towards mobility, as was the usual thing to do then, Ricardo invested in slaves since the time when he was a slave himself, a phenomenon that is rarely covered by the historiography. He also acquired and rented real state property, negotiated with food and slaves (in both the transatlatic and internal trades) loaned money for interest, among other business activities. Other dimensions of his trajectory covered here are his family and religious life, which included his compadrio network and his dealings with candomble people. The article sugests the concept of ladinization as a tool to understand the life experience of Africans like Ricardo, even those who did not succeed in the material world as he did.

"Missão nos Brasis": a BFASS e a organização de uma missão abolicionista secreta ao Brasil no início da década de 1840

Abstract: In 1839, the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (BFASS) covertly organized a mission to visit Brazil and, to achieve it, hired a British couple - George and Charlotte Pilkington - that should remain in the country for more than a year to collect information on trafficking and slavery and make abolitionist propaganda. From 1841, some of the information obtained by this mission was published by Anti-Slavery Reporter, the official journal of the Society. However, BFASS hid for about half a century his involvement in this venture, which only becomes clear from the crossing of information from various historical sources.

Ambientes domésticos e dinâmicas sociais em São Paulo colonial

Abstract: This article proposes to analyze the material dimension of the social life of intermediate groups living in the city of Sao Paulo during the 18th century and dealing with trade. Therefore, we assume that the physical attributes of pieces of furniture not only inform about the utilitarian function of the object, but rather its uses indicate the reiteration and / or transformation of patterns of behavior and of family and social hierarchies. To develop the argument, first we will weave brief comments on the domestic space in Sao Paulo during the 18th century. Then we will concentrate on the analysis of the social use of some furniture in the interiors of commercial sectors houses, relating their existence with the socioeconomic changes the capital underwent due to the commercial activities that developed in Sao Paulo region because of the supply of mining areas of Minas Gerais, Goias and Cuiaba.

Sacerdocio y política: fragmentos del debate político-intelectual en torno a Cristianos por el Socialismo

Abstract: espanolEl objetivo del siguiente articulo es presentar algunos fragmentos de la controversia generada al interior del pensamiento politico catolico por la articulacion de Cristianos por el Socialismo, a partir del analisis de los intercambios hechos publicos por los sacerdotes participantes en ella. Los principales topicos de debate hacen referencia a la relacion entre institucion eclesiastica, sacerdocio y politica; asi como el problema de la adopcion del marxismo como herramienta de analisis social y brujula politica, especificamente en su compromiso con la lucha de clases. EnglishThe aim of this study is to analyze the disputes inside the catholic thought because of the emergence of the Christian Socialism,an organization built up for priests, nuns and protestant clergy who supported the Unidad Popular government in Chile.The highlights of controversy are referred to three topics: Church, priesthood and political links; the boundaries of the Christian-Marxist dialogue and the imminent break into the Chilean Catholic Church caused by this process.

Reinóis versus naturais nas disputas pelos lugares eclesiásticos do atlântico português: aspectos sociais e políticos (século xviii)

Abstract: Este artigo elege a clivagem naturais da terra / reinois como vetor principal de analise das caracteristicas do clero presente no espaco atlântico portugues, enfocando os clerigos seculares dos Acores, da Madeira e do Brasil durante o seculo XVIII. Identifica os tracos principais do perfil dos sacerdotes que se habilitaram no Santo Oficio e a origem dos titulares das prebendas dos cabidos do centro-sul brasileiro: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo e Minas Gerais. Demonstra-se que acesso aos lugares do poder eclesiastico foi permeado por uma serie de dinâmicas sociais e politicas, intermediando as relacoes entre a Coroa, as elites locais e segmentos intermedios.

As interpretações dos contemporâneos sobre as causas da Cabanagem e o papel do Parlamento

Abstract: The objective of this article is to highlight interpretations on the causes of Cabanagem made by contemporaries of that revolt. The text demonstrates that many of those interpretations pointed the actions of the Parliament among the reasons of the revolt. The parliamentarians themselves judged that the limits of their actions, either to integrate the province or to give them larger autonomy, precipitated the revolt in Para. It is also rescued interpretations that did not make a direct association with the Parliament, as the idea that Cabanagem was a war of races. However, it is demonstrated that behind a supposed “war of races” was the tension around the regulation of the natives’ work in the province, theme in which the actions and omissions of the deputies and senators had utmost importance.

A eletrobras e as empresas fornecedoras de equipamentos para o setor elétrico brasileiro (1960-1980)

Abstract: The article evaluates the formation of the custom capital goods for the electricity sector as part of a new investment cycle encouraged by the Brazilian state between 1960 and 1970. To this end we make use of the data of the largest consumer of electrical equipment at that time, the company Eletrobras. The article analyzes the profile of the most expensive electrical equipment used by Eletrobras in its hydroelectric projects, confirmating the idea that the economic policy of governments in that period was decisive for the definition of suppliers and therefore to create the national industry development possibilities.

La guerra salvadoreña vista desde la literatura autoficcional: Dios tenía miedo, de Vanessa Núñez Handal.

Abstract: This article analizes the labors of memory in Vanessa Nunez Handal’s novel Dios tenia miedo. By looking into both the familial and the national past in El Salvador through an autofictional exploration of the ways in which her own family was involved in the war she herself experienced as a child, Vanessa Nunez Handal experiments with the explanatory potential of both the creative imagination and the use of symbolic language, in a process where writing seems to be as much a method as a goal in order to remember and, above all, understand the percepticide that took place during the war. The ambiguity of the autofictional pact rules over the novel, giving her the liberty to combine fictional, autobiographical, and testimonial techniques, with the aim of articulating her interpretation of the traumatic past.

La intelectualidad de izquierda renovada en Chile durante los años 80. Debates y propuestas: The intellectuals of the renewal left in Chile during the eighties: Debates and Proposals

Abstract: This article is intended to put under debate some reflections on the intellectual left field during the dictatorial period. Therefore, rather than a systematization of writing in recent years, this text is aimed to problematize the way in which this issue has been studied intellectuals, especially those who were part of the Socialist Renewal in the context of transition to democracy. Without ignoring the intellectual opposition field was wider than that formed by the socialist left, we will be focused on this group because this is the one that has generated more attention both for the radical nature of the changes, as well as for the influence on shaping the political alliance that electorally defeated the dictatorship.

Interpretaciones católicas sobre la ciencia a fines del siglo XIX : entre la dispersión de voces y la formalización dogmática

Abstract: This article aims to outline some general ideas regarding the way in which different catholic agents understood “science” in the late nineteenth century. I intend to show, in the first place, the wide range of opinions that existed regarding this subject –even inside the Vatican. Secondly, I argue that catholic notions about science have to be analyzed paying attention to, both, the consolidation of the scientific field that was taking place in the period, and the conflicts waged with a number of anticlerical sectors. So, I hold that the catholic perspectives can’t be analyzed and judged from an ad hoc definition of “science”, because they were developed in a context in which the meaning itself of science was largely being disputated.

Los autores portugueses entre 1580 y 1640: una lucha literaria por la preeminencia en la monarquía hispánica

Abstract: espanolEste trabajo se ubica en la corriente de analizar a la monarquia hispanica como un conjunto de reinos que compartian a la persona del monarca. Se examina como los autores portugueses valoraban la situacion de su reino dentro de esta vasta monarquia compuesta. Para llevar a cabo este analisis se usan obras historiograficas, relaciones geograficas, trabajos acerca de la cuestion linguistica y la tematica de la sede de la corte de la monarquia. Se concluye que la mayoria de los autores portugueses exigian para su reino el lugar preeminencial dentro de la monarquia, el cual ocupaba entonces el reino de Castilla. EnglishThis study is located in the stream analyzing the Spanish monarchy as a union of kingdoms that only shared the person of the common monarch. The study examines how the Portuguese authors were evaluating their kingdom’s situation within this vast composite monarchy. This analysis will be done through historiographical works, geographical relations, works about the language question and the seat of the monarchy’s court. The conclusion is that most of the Portuguese authors demanded the preeminence of their kingdom within the monarchy, a position that then was given to the kingdom of Castile.

Búsqueda, denuncia y organización. Los comienzos de los organismos de derechos humanos en Rosario (1976-1982)

Abstract: Fil: Scocco, Marianela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Escuela de Historia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

El Proyecto Hidroeléctrico de Jalcomulco, Veracruz, México, y las reacciones de la sociedad civil.

Abstract: Este articulo aborda una de las problematicas que enfrenta el estado de Veracruz en los ultimos cuatro anos en relacion con las concesiones otorgadas a empresas internacionales para la realizacion de varios proyectos hidroelectricos. Toma como ejemplo el caso del proyecto multipropositos Xalapa, en el rio los Pescados en Jalcomulco, ubicado cerca de la capital del estado de Veracruz, para analizar las reacciones de la poblacion afectada y el tipo de conflicto que se ha generado, considerando las capacidades economicas, sociales y culturales de la poblacion que padece el proceso de invasion territorial y de sus recursos, y la accion de las organizaciones civiles. El analisis esta apoyado en la historia ambiental con el uso de la historia oral como estrategia, puesto que la resistencia continua vigente y los testimonios de los actores protagonicos son fundamentales para la comprension integral de los procesos de apropiacion y despojo, con lo cual se da voz a los grupos excluidos.

La Idea del Purgatorio en la Edad Media: Organización y definición de una tradición

Abstract: espanolEn el siglo XIII, la Iglesia Catolica acepto oficialmente la creencia en el Purgatorio. Esta creencia en un Lugar Intermedio al que van algunas almas despues de morir, para expiar sus pecados veniales antes de entrar al Cielo, no es aceptada por la Iglesia Ortodoxa Griega, ni lo sera por las Iglesias Protestantes. Sin embargo, para los catolicos, esta creencia forma parte de una tradicion remontada a los origenes de la Iglesia. Tomando como punto de partida la investigacion de Jacques Le Goff acerca de este tema, este trabajo describe como se va desarrollando esta creencia a lo largo de los siglos medievales. EnglishAt the XIIIth Century, Catholic Church oficially accepts the belief in Purgatory. This belief in an intermediate Place to where some souls go after death, to atone for his venial sins before entering Heaven, is neither accepted by the Greek Ortodox Church, nor by the Protestant Churches. However, for Catolics, this belief is part of a tradition traced to the origins of the Church. Taking as a starting point Jacques Le Goff’s investigation about this issue, this paper describes the development of this belief along the medieval centuries.

La última dictadura y los barrios de la ciudad de Córdoba. Aproximación a las protestas de vecinos y a las intervenciones estatales hacia un vecinalismo permitido

Abstract: How was the dictatorship lived in the neighbourhoods of the city Cordoba? Starting from this question, the article proposes to historicize the interventions to and inside the neighbourhood space in Cordoba city, trough the identification of some characteristics and dynamics unfolded in their territories not only during the dictatorship, but also in the repression that started sometime before. This reconstruction and analysis aims to compose an image about the repressive effects and the modifications in the social answers from each period, through an exploration that contrasts the principal types of conflicts and protests that were carried out by the eighbours before and to the end of the dictatorship. This article tries to trouble the connections of the state intervention in the neighbourhood, through the rules that governed the neighbourhood centres modelling an idea of “permitted neighbouring”. Our aim with this article, which is part of a larger investigation, is to try to contribute and historicize the conformation of an “agenda de democratizacion posdictadura”, from the characterization of the development of the political and social militancy groups during the ’80 in the neighbourhood.

Assaltando a pobreza: política e doutrina econômica na história do Banco Mundial (1944-2014)

Abstract: The article discusses how the World Bank linked the debate and practices of economic development to the idea of poverty. For this, analyzes the history of the institution taking into account the international political economy in which operated and its interface with the economic thinking. Besides, it explains when and how emerged the "assault on extreme poverty" policy, which instruments the Bank used to take it forward, which arguments that gave him support and which limits it faced in the 1970s. It's argued that this policy was resumed and adapted in the late 1980s in the wake of structural adjustment programs, culminating in the consolidation of a new social policy model over the years 1990, attuned to economic liberalization and based on the measurement of poverty and provision of social minimum. After the September 11, 2001, the World Bank has combined economic liberalization and combating poverty to the war on terrorism and the construction and reconstruction of states.

A weberianização do mundo

Abstract: (primeiro paragrafo da resenha) Uma das mais sedutoras teses presentes na obra madura de Max Weber e a que postula um processo geral, inexoravel, de “racionalizacao do mundo”. Vista de uma perspectiva brasileira, nao e preciso dizer o quao ambiciosa, ate mesmo quimerica, tal tese pode parecer. O virtual emperramento do nosso sistema politico desde as grandes manifestacoes de junho de 2013 – com sua recusa explicita dos partidos e a denegacao do direito de ir e vir como estrategia privilegiada de pressao dos grupos a margem (direita ou esquerda, pouco importa) do poder –, o caos das contas e da saude publica, a recusa em aceitar como fato o carater finito dos recursos naturais, os niveis alarmantes de violencia interpessoal, a crise de legitimidade de uma presidente recem-eleita, o autismo generalizado, tudo isso sugere que a filosofia weberiana da historia tem la os seus limites.

Memoria y fotografía: El movimiento estudiantil mexicano de 1968

Abstract: This paper seeks an approach to the issue of setting reports on the Mexican student movement of 1968, focusing on the construction of memories and experiences of those who were the actors in this important episode in the modern history of Mexico, it is say, of the memories that have been passed from father to son, and how the latter can reach take them as an ideological legacy that somehow legitimizes their actions. On the other hand, tries to illustrate the way in which it is possible to establish a dialogue between oral history and photography as a trigger of memory.

Cambios y permanencias en la cultura material cotidiana no privilegiada: un mundo complejo. Castilla (y Portugal) a finales del antiguo régimen

Abstract: Lentamente, entre los siglos XVI al XIX, los grupos intermedios se afirmaron en el universo urbano castellano y portugues, adquiriendo protagonismo efectivo en los procesos de transformacion social. Trataremos de comprender mejor su ascenso a partir de la visualizacion publica de su cultura material cotidiana y relacionando la posesion y el valor cultural de ciertos enseres con practicas rupturistas y modernizadoras (o de imitacion aristocratica).

Familiaturas do Santo Ofício e juízes letrados nos domínios ultramarinos (Brasil, século XVIII)

Abstract: The eighteenth century represents an increase in size and complexity of the judicial structure of the Portuguese crown in Brazil. Career opportunities flourish and there is a double movement of agents: on the one hand, judges who come from the kingdom; on the other, a growing number of Brazilian-born judges who start a career in Justice. Based on the data collected on the qualifications to be member of the Holy Office, this text isolates the learned judges that served in the Portuguese territories of America, trying to understand the role played by the familiatura in the progression of their career, and their possible inclusion in recruitment or appointment networks in the Coimbra-Lisbon axis.

Nem heróis, nem vilões: o lugar dos diretores de povoações nas dinâmicas de transgressão à lei do diretório dos índios (1757-1798)

Abstract: Este trabalho tem por objetivo melhor compreender a atuacao dos diretores de povoacoes - agentes responsaveis pela tutela dos indigenas aldeados durante a vigencia do Diretorio dos Indios. Destacaremos duas questoes. Primeira: o universo socioeconomico dos diretores em seus locais de trabalho, as povoacoes de indios. Segunda: o carater historico, e nao moral, das transgressoes cometidas por esses sujeitos. Tal objetivo se deve ao fato de considerarmos limitada a unica visao formulada pela historiografia em relacao aos diretores: agentes que, em razao de suas acoes, foram decisivos para o fracasso do Diretorio.

Robert southey, william robertson e a teoria dos quatro estágios na construção da macronarrativa da história dos autóctones americanos

Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze how the articulation of the four stages theory served as a backdrop in Robert Southey’ History of Brazil (1810-1819) for the examination of the populations living in Brazil, Rio de la Plata and Paraguay. In addition, I try to show the importance of William Robertson’ History of America (1777) for the insertion of American history within the macronarrative of world history through the constituency of indigenous peoples as morally wild and living in the stage of hunters and gatherers. The explanatory plan of the theory of the stages of society, the result of a great interest in the social sphere and the ethnography, was conceived as an attempt to elucidate the question of how some societies had reached civilization, while others languished in barbarism or even savagery. In that horizon of division of societies in barbaric, savage or civilized, the Robertson’ History of America was decisive for the construction of the Native American people as living in a wild state. The sociological and ethnographic approach, based on the mode subsistence’ description and how this affected the customs and manners of the people, came to be prescriptive to explain the status of the population not only in Europe but also in the New World. Southey continued to explore the ways and wild costumes, performing a significant broadening of topics and scrutinizing the peculiarities of various tribes without, however, fail to point their livelihoods, which were developed according to pre-defined stages.

El concepto de nación en Scalabrini Ortiz: acercamientos y diferencias de un nacionalista con los intelectuales de su época

Abstract: Scalabrini Ortiz’s concept of nation has been little considered and has been set aside for studies which concentrate on his literary and political works. However, his stance on what he believed Argentinian people were or were supposed to be and their role within America, allows us to understand the logic of his nationalism and his anti-imperialism. At the same time, this gives us access to the explanatory and ideological mechanisms of his thinking. Through an analytical approach to his written works, in this article we will give an account of Scalabrini Ortiz’s philosophical and political positions and the intellectual influences he received in order to show how he elaborated his ideas and how his ideological approach was shaped and transformed through the years.

A abolição do estanco do sal e a arquitetura de poderes na capitania de são paulo, 1795-1806

Abstract: Considered a pillar of the liberal reforms in the Portuguese colonial Empire in the beginning of the 19th Century, the article aims to analyze the end of the salt monopoly from the perspective of the dynamics of the local and regional powers in the captaincy of Sao Paulo. The study stresses the interests involved in the salt provision and the changes in the power architecture inside the captaincy after the reform of 1801.

De la memoria al discurso: Una aproximación a ‘Si me permiten hablar…’. Testimonio de Domitila. Una mujer de las minas de Bolivia (1977), Moema Viezzer.

Abstract: The following study proposes a thorough reading of the testimony ‘Si me permiten hablar...’ Testimonio de Domitila. Una mujer de las minas de Bolivia (1977), where discursive text features, official historical data and narrated experiences are articulated in order to obtain an approximation to the everyday domestic world of Domitila and thus to her gender, her class, her ethnicity and her contextual circumstances.

Transformación agroecológica en el cantón de Mora en Costa Rica y emigración indígena huetar (1900-1955)

Abstract: This study throws light on the socio-environmental causes of Huetar families’ migration inside the existing Mora canton, Costa Rica, and outside of this canton, in the frst part of the 20th century. It also establishes the relationships between these displacements and Costa Rica peripheral involvement in the world economy between 1900 and 1955.