Showing papers in "The Eighteenth Century in 2005"

The history of scepticism : from Savonarola to Bayle

Abstract: 1: The Intellectual Crisis of the Reformation 2: The Revival of Greek Scepticism in the Sixteenth Century 3: Michel de Montaigne and the Nouveaux Pyrrhoniens 4: The Influence of the New Pyrrhonism 5: The Libertins Erudits 6: The Counter-Attack Begins 7: Constructive or Mitigated Scepticism 8: Herbert of Cherbury and Jean de Silhon 9: Descartes: Conqueror of Scepticism 10: Descartes: Sceptique Malgre Lui 11: Some Spiritual and Religious Answers to Scepticism and Descartes: Henry More, Blaise Pascal and the Quietists 12: Political and Practical Answers to Scepticism: Thomas Hobbes 13: Philosophers of the Royal Society: Wilkins, Boyle, and Glanvill 14: Biblical Criticism and the Beginnings of Religious Scepticism 15: Spinoza's Scepticism and Anti-Scepticism 16: Scepticism and Late Seventeenth-Century Metaphysics 17: The New Sceptics: Simon Foucher and Pierre Daniel Huet 18: Pierre Bayle: Super-Scepticism and the Beginnings of the Enlightenment Dogmatism

Byzantium : faith and power (1261-1557)

Abstract: A sequel to the landmark catalogue The Glory of Byzantium, this magnificent book features work from the last golden age of the Byzantine empire. During the last centuries of the "Empire of the Romans", Byzantine artists created exceptional secular and religious works that had an enduring influence on art and culture. In later years, Eastern Christian centres of power emulated and transformed Byzantine artistic styles, the Islamic world adapted motifs drawn from Byzantium's imperial past, and the development of the Renaissance from Italy to the Lowlands was deeply affected by Byzantine artistic and intellectual practices. This spectacular book presents hundreds of objects in all media from the late thirteenth through mid-sixteenth centuries. Featured in full-colour reproductions are sacred icons, luxuriously embroidered silk textiles, richly gilded metalwork, miniature icons of glass, precious metals and gemstone, and elaborately decorated manuscripts. In the accompanying text, renowned scholars discuss the art and investigate the cultural and historical interaction between these major cultures: the Christian and Islamic East and the Latin West. Continuing the story of the critically acclaimed Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261, this book, the first to focus exclusively on the last centuries of the Byzantine era, is a highly anticipated publication that will not be superceded for generations.

Shakespeare at the cineplex : the Kenneth Branagh era

Abstract: SAMUEL CROWL'S Shakespeare at the Cineplex: The Kenneth Branagh Era is the first thorough exploration of the fifteen major Shakespeare films released since the surprising success of Kenneth Branagh's Henry V (1989). Crowl presents the rich variety of these films in the "long decade" between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The productions range from Hollywood-saturated films to more modest, experimental offerings. Now available in paperback, Shakespeare at the Cineplex will be welcome reading for fans, students, and scholars of Shakespeare in performance.

Tragedy and scepticism in Shakespeare's England

Abstract: Acknowledgments A Note on Citation, Quotation and Abbreviation Introduction: Engaging Doubt PART ONE: THE RECEPTION OF ANCIENT SCEPTICISM IN ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN ENGLAND The Continental Background Crossed Opinions: The Elizabethan Years Seeming Knowledge: The Jacobean Years and Beyond PART TWO: FOOLS OF NATURE, SCEPTICISM AND TRAGEDY Literary Adaptation: Sceptical Paradigms, Sceptical Values Casting Doubt in Doctor Faustus The Spanish Tragedy : Doom and the Exile of Justice The Plague of Opinion: Troilus and Cressida Temporizing as Pyrrhonizing in The Malcontent Mariam and the Critique of Pure Reason False Fire: Providence and Violence in Webster's Tragedies The Changeling : Blood, Will and Intellectual Eyesight Criterion Anxiety in 'Tis Pity She's a Whore Select Bibliography Index

Renaissance beasts: of animals, humans and other wonderful creatures

Abstract: Where are all the animals in history? Renaissance Beasts begins to answer that question by exploring numerous ways in which animals played a key role in Renaissance culture: as werewolves, meat, performers, experimental tools. Animals, as Levi-Strauss wrote, are good to think with. This collection addresses and reassesses the variety of ways in which animals were used and thought about in Renaissance culture, challenging contemporary as well as historic views of the boundaries and hierarchies humans presume the natural world to contain. Taking as its starting point the popularity of speaking animals in sixteenth-century literature and ending with the decline of the imperial Menagerie during the French Revolution, Renaissance Beasts uses the lens of human-animal relationships to view issues as diverse as human status and power, diet, civilization and the political life, religion and anthropocentrism, spectacle and entertainment, language, science and skepticism, and domestic and courtly cultures. Within these pages scholars from a variety of disciplines discuss numerous kinds of texts--literary, dramatic, philosophical, religious, political--by writers including Calvin, Montaigne, Sidney, Shakespeare, Descartes, Boyle, and Locke. Through analysis of these and other writers, Renaissance Beasts uncovers new and arresting interpretations of Renaissance culture and the broader social assumptions glimpsed through views on matters such as pet ownership and meat consumption.

British interventions in early modern Ireland

Abstract: 1. New perspectives on the English in early modern Ireland Ciaran Brady and Jane Ohlmeyer 2. The attainder of Shane O'Neill, Sir Henry Sidney and the problems of Tudor state-building in Ireland Ciaran Brady 3. Dynamics of regional dvelopment: processes of assimilation and division in the marchland of South-East Ulster in late medieval and early modern Ireland Harold O'Sullivan 4. The 'common good' and the university in an age of confessional conflict Helga Robinson-Hammerstein 5. The construction of argument: Henry Fitzsimon, John Rider and religious controversy in Dublin, 1599-1614 Brian Jackson 6. The bible and the bawn: an Ulster planter inventorised R. J. Hunter 7. 'That bugbear Armenianism': Archbishop Laud and Trinity College, Dublin Alan Ford 8. The Irish peers, political power and parliament, 1640-1 Jane Ohlmeyer 9. The Irish elections of 1640-1 Brid McGrath 10. Catholic confederates and the constitutional relationship between Ireland and England, 1641-9 Micheal O. Siochru 11. Protestant churchmen and the confederate wars Robert Armstrong 12. The crisis of the Spanish and the Stuart monarchies in the mid-seventeenth century: local problems or global problems? Geoffrey Parker 13. Settlement, transplantation and expulsion: a comparative study of the placement of peoples Sarah Barber 14. Interests in Ireland: the 'fanatic zeal and the irregular ambition' of Richard Lawrence Toby Barnard 15. Temple's fate: reading the Irish Rebellion in late seventeenth-century Ireland Raymond Gillespie 16. Conquest versus consent as the basis of the English title to Ireland in William Molyneaux's Case of Ireland ... Stated (1698) Patrick Kelly.

Armchair Travelers and the Venetian Discovery of the New World

Abstract: While Venetians were not the discoverers or explorers of the New World,Venice was the capital of early modern print culture and transmitted knowledge about the explorations to Europe. A close look at the work of a series of Venetian armchair travelers-editors, mapmakers, and designers of costume books-reveals the profound anxieties these authors expressed about Venice's changing status in early modern Europe. Once an unassailable maritime and territorial empire, the lagoon city was increasingly eclipsed in the sixteenth century, economically and culturally, by the Ottomans and other emerging European powers. In response,Venetian writers employed the cultural strategy of using images of the New World to assert the importance of the Venetian past. Such images served to assuage their insecurities and shore up images of Venetian superiority.

The republic of letters and the Levant

Abstract: List of Illustrations List of Contributors Introduction, Alastair Hamilton 1. Les freres Vecchietti, diplomates, erudits et aventuriers, Francis Richard 2. Between Author and Library Shelf: The Intriguing History of Some Middle Eastern Manuscripts Acquired by Public Collections in the Netherlands prior to 1800, Jan Schmidt 3. John Selden, the Levant and the Netherlands in the History of Scholarship, G.J. Toomer 4. The Travel Notebooks of John Greaves, Zur Shalev 5. Peiresc, the Levant and the Mediterranean, Peter N. Miller 6. 'To Divest the East of all its Manuscripts and all its Rarities'. The Unfortunate Embassy of Henri Gournay de Marcheville, Alastair Hamilton 7. Ancient Languages and New Science. The Levant in the Intellectual Life of Robert Boyle, Charles G.D. Littleton 8. From Istanbul to London? Albertus Bobovius' Appeal to Isaac Basire, Hannah Neudecker 9. A Lutheran Translator for the Quran. A Late Seventeenth-Century Quest, Alastair Hamilton 10. Patrick Russell and the Republic of Letters in Aleppo, Maurits H. van den Boogert 11. The Sultan's Answer to the Medici Press? Ibrahim Muteferrika's Printing House in Istanbul, Maurits H. van den Boogert Index Nominum

Historische jiddische Semantik : die Bibelübersetzungssprache als Faktor der Auseinanderentwicklung des jiddischen und des deutschen Wortschatzes

Abstract: The language used in the Yiddish Bible translation tradition is extremely well documented both by manuscripts (as of about 1400) and by printed versions (as of about 1535). In the real-life context, its most salient usage is located in the cheyder, the Jewish elementary school. The contribution of this translation idiom to the development of standard Yiddish has been hugely underrated. The present study (a) draws upon the first Hebrew-Yiddish Bible concordance (around 1535) to identify as many elements of cheyder language as possible that ran counter to the development of standard German, (b) explains them with reference to the original Hebrew text, (c) traces their presence in Bible glossaries and translations to establish them as consistent elements in the tradition, and (d) documents their incorporation into ordinary Yiddish all the way up to standard Yiddish. The study is based on the evaluation of some 120 texts from the late 14th to the 18th century.

The diocesan population returns for 1563 and 1603

Abstract: This comprehensive edition makes available two of the most important sources for population studies in the early modern period. The bishops' returns of 1563 and 1603 represent the earliest census-type information that has survived in England and Wales. The 1563 returns, surviving from twelve dioceses, record the number of households; the 1603 documents, from nine dioceses, were intended to survey religious nonconformity and estimate the number of communicants in each parish. A full introductory essay explores the origins of both surveys, and illustrates their significance for local and demographic historians, and those concerned with social and economic history, government and the church.

Fecal matters in early modern literature and art : studies in scatology

Abstract: Contents: Introduction: scatology, the last taboo The 'honorable art of farting' in continental Renaissance literature, Barbara C. Bowen 'The wife multiplies the secret' (AaTh 1381D): some fortunes of an exemplary tale, Geoffrey R. Hope Doctor Rabelais and the medicine of scatology, David LaGuardia 'The mass and the fart are sisters': scatology and Calvinist rhetoric against the mass, 1560-63, Jeff Persels Community, commodities and commodes in the French Nouvelle, Emily E. Thompson Pissing glass and the body crass: adaptations of the scatological in Theophile, Russell Ganim Scatology as political protest: a 'scandalous' medal of Louis XIV, Jeanne Morgan Zarucchi Foolectomies, fool enemas, and the Renaissance anatomy of folly, Glenn Ehrstine Holy and unholy shit: the pragmatic context of scatological curses in early German Reformation satire, Josef Schmidt, with Mary Simon Expelling from top and bottom: the changing role of scatology in images of peasant festivals from Albrecht DA1/4rer to Pieter Bruegel, Alison G. Stewart Tamburlaine's urine, Joseph Tate 'The wronged breeches': cavalier scatology, Peter J. Smith List of works cited or consulted Index.

Scottish communities abroad in the early modern period

Abstract: Foreword, T. C. Smout, Historiographer Royal in Scotland Acknowledgements List of Contributors Abbreviations Introduction SECTION I. MIGRANT DESTINATIONS, COLONIES AND PLANTATIONS 1. Scottish Migration to Ireland in the Seventeenth Century, Patrick Fitzgerald 2. The Placement of Urbanised Scots in the Polish Crown during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Waldemar Kowalski 3. Seventeenth-century Scottish Communities in the Americas, David Dobson SECTION II. 'LOCATED' COMMUNITIES 4. Scottish Immigration to Bergen in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Nina Ostby Pedersen 5. Scots along the Maas, c.1570-1750, Douglas Catterall 6. The Scottish Community in Seventeenth-century Gothenburg, Alexia Grosjean & Steve Murdoch 7. The Scottish Community in Kedainiai c.1630-c.1750, Rimantas Zirgulis 8. 'Briteannia ist mein patria': Scotsmen and the 'British' Community in Hamburg, Kathrin Zickermann SECTION III. COMMUNITIES OF MIND AND INTEREST 9. A Haven for Intrigue: the Scottish Exile Community in the Netherlands, 1660-1690, Ginny Gardner 10. Scottish Students in the Netherlands, 1680-1730, Esther Mijers 11. A Comparative Survey of Scottish Service in the English and Dutch Maritime Communities c.1650-1707, Andrew Little Scottish Comunities Abroad: Some Concluding Remarks, Lex Heerma van Voss, Solvi Sogner & Thomas O'Connor Index of Names Index of Places Index of Subjects

The reformation of charity : the secular and the religious in early modern poor relief

Abstract: Acknowledgements Contributors Introduction, Thomas Max Safley 1. The Poverty of Christ, Lee Palmer Wandel 2. Charity and the Reformation in Italy: The Case of Treviso, David d'Andrea 3. "Con buona affetione": Confraternities, Charity, and the Poor in Early Cinquecento Florence, Nicholas Eckstein 4. Welfare, Reformation, and Dearth at Memmingen, Philip L. Kintner 5. Poor Relief and Health Care Provision in South-German Catholic Cities during the Sixteenth Century, Peer Friess 6. Refashioning Poor Relief in Early Modern Emden, Timothy G. Fehler 7. Calvinism and Poor Relief in Reformation Holland, Charles H. Parker 8. Welfare Reform in Frisian Towns: Between Humanist Theory, Pious Imperatives, and Government Policy, Joke Spaans 9. Mennonites and Sectarian Poor Relief in Golden Age Amsterdam, Mary S. Sprunger 10. Curing Body and Soul: Health Care in Early Modern Orange, S. Amanda Eurich 11. Motivations for Charity in Early Modern France, Susan E. Dinan Conclusion, Thomas Max Safley Index

Book burning in Tudor and Stuart England

Abstract: This article treats book burning and censorship in England between the 1520s and the 1640s as part of the communications repertoire of the early modern state. Combating heresy, blasphemy, and sedition, Tudor and Stuart authorities subjected transgressive works to symbolic execution at key sites in London and the universities.The addition of the hangman to the ceremony in the 1630s reinforced the authority of the state over texts. But the ritual was not always performed according to the script. Through gesture, voice, and narrative, actors and spectators sometimes subverted the ceremony, imposing a contrary meaning on its message. Even as an exercise of power, book burning was unstable and ambivalent and was ultimately counterproductive.

‘The Best Mnemonicall Expedient’ John Beale's Art of Memory and its Uses

Abstract: (2005). ‘The Best Mnemonicall Expedient’ John Beale's Art of Memory and its Uses. The Seventeenth Century: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 113-144.

A Marriage Commemorated in the Stairway of Fools

Abstract: In 1575 Friedrich Sustris decorated Trausnitz Clastle in Landshut with paintings proclaiming the political and religious aspirations of Duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria. The duke's staunch support of the Counter-Reformation and politically advantageous marital alliance with Lorraine are visually reinforced in the castle's ceremonial rooms. In contrast, a narrow stairwell in the private ducal quarters surrounds the viewer with an illusionistic performance of the commedia dell'arte. The burlesque sexual antics of the commedia had entertained the guests atWilhelm's wedding to Renate of Lorraine in 1568. Past interpretations of the "Stairway of Fools" have tied it to specific performances, requiring that the figures be treated as a linear narrative. This article will demonstrate how the pictorial rendering and the architectural confines of the stairwell not only reflect the improvisational nature of the commedia dell'arte, but relate equally to the political iconography of the castle by recalling the wedding of Wilhelm and Renate.

Performing the Passions in Eliza Haywood's Fantomina and Miss Betsy Thoughtless

Abstract: Eliza Haywood--prolific actress, playwright, translator, bookseller, editor, and novelist--remains best known as the "Great Arbitress of Passion," a tag phrase bestowed on her by James Sterling in reference to her infamous early amatory fiction. (1) Yet "arbitress" had multiple meanings in the eighteenth century, complicating the phrase in a way that Sterling himself may or may not have intended: according to the OED, in addition to indicating a mediator of disputes, "arbitress" means "a female who has absolute control or disposal." (2) The OED definition makes the phrase almost an oxymoron by eighteenth-century standards, for passions in general, and especially female passions, were considered irrational and dangerously uncontrollable: to control female passions meant to do away with them completely. (3) Sterling's phrase suggests something different: that Haywood and certain of her heroines managed simultaneously to indulge in and control the expression of their passions, a liberating and paradoxical achievement for the eighteenth-century woman. This essay examines how Haywood masters and maintains the role of "Great Arbitress of Passion," in the full sense of the phrase. I argue that Haywood uses her fiction to explore a strategy of what I term self-conscious performance--women acting roles that they have independently conceived for themselves--to achieve an effective expression of female passions which would, in another setting, be disastrous and unavailing. I conclude that the strategy Haywood develops for selected female characters in her writing becomes the strategy she applies to her own literary career. Haywood's works thus contradict the eighteenth-century antitheatrical tradition that associated performance with falseness and manipulation; as a result, they complicate critical conceptions about the way identity was constructed and conveyed in the eighteenth-century novel. My title involves a potential tension between the terms "performing" and "passions," yet I argue that the emotions expressed by Haywood's consciously performing heroines are no less genuine because the expression of them is premeditated. (4) The sincerity of spontaneously expressed emotion becomes a moot point for Haywood's heroines, as such impulsive behavior is quickly followed by death or banishment. For emotional expression to register with an audience, to be at all effective, the Haywoodian heroine must plan the moment and mode. So while Diderot may claim that "a woman who grieves and artfully arranges her arms ... is false," (5) Haywood presents a woman who may well anticipate the best possible presentation for her grief, and yet truly grieve. The female self as presented by Haywood is thus distinctly less buried than most critics of the novel claim. John Bender highlights the novel's "unique technical capacity to represent consciousness in the form of unspoken thoughts ... and sensations," (6) while Leo Braudy describes the genre as creating "character apprehended from within" and producing a "rhetoric of essences rather than surfaces." (7) Nancy Armstrong similarly argues that the eighteenth-century novel, influenced by the conduct book, created an image of the domestic woman who has "depths far more valuable than her surface." (8) Yet the pervasive concept of performance that resonates through Haywood's early and late fiction complicates the idea that the novel lets us see through or past a surface representation and into the essential, defining depths of a character's mind or heart. As performance enables the expression of female emotions, Haywood casts the impulse to probe beneath a woman's "mask" in search of her true sentiments as misleading. Fantomina (from Haywood's amorous novella, Fantomina, 1725) and Miss Betsy Thoughtless (from her didactic novel, The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless, 1751) are two heroines that most critics of Haywood consider to be diametrically opposed, yet both decide how and when they will display their feelings. …

Boys Will Be Boys: Masculinity, Criminality, and the Restoration Rake

Abstract: 1. As a transgressive, even criminal figure, the rake has achieved a culturally mythic outlaw status he shares with other Restoration and eighteenth-century types such as the pirate and highwayman. (1) As those characters do, the libertine rake embodies problems of masculine authority and authenticity endemic to modernity. His progress from the mid-seventeenth century through the early eighteenth century charts shifts in the values that address these problems: from court-based prestige to civic respectability; from the affirmation of the sovereign's privilege to the celebration of the sovereign individual; from hierarchical to oppositional models of sexual difference; from character as the expression of performative mastery to character as the expression of subjective integrity. As the bases of masculine authority and prestige shift they take with them much of the ground on which elite license staked its claim. The rake's outlaw status, then, is generated by what remains to him after the assault on his prestige by emerging reconfigurations of the polite gentleman and the foundational notions of subjective authenticity that underwrite them. And what remains is a kind of allure both outdated in its association with the pre-1688 Stuart world and updated in its revision around privileges authorized more immediately by gender than by status. For while society may no longer so overtly defend status and class privilege, the privilege of outlaw masculinities is preserved where gendered exceptionalism cashes in on the prestige value handed down through a history of status elitism. Boys will be boys still; their hijinks and their trespasses against decency and civility, even against the law, countenanced by conventions of (previously aristocratic) masculine privilege established in the early modern period. The glamour of the rake and his outlaw brothers is fabulous and residual, colored by a nostalgia for a kind of fully approved license already becoming outdated by the late seventeenth century, and yet one that through the centuries has retained its currency in fantasies of masculinity. So in the early nineteenth century, Charles Lamb comments on the idealized denizens of the rakish beau monde: "They break through no laws, or conscientious restraints. They know of none. They have got out of Christendom into ... the Utopia of gallantry, where pleasure is duty, and the manners perfect freedom." (2) In the twentieth century these mythic outlaw types, such as the pirate, the rake, and the gentleman highwayman, enjoy a distinguished place in literary and historical studies appreciative of their stylistically masterful brand of individuality and radical independence from social conventions. (3) In part, the dream for this particular brand of liberty has its origins in notions of absolute individual sovereignty that arose even as absolutism came under assault in the political sphere. A law unto himself, the outlaw rake asserts the ultimate aristocratic privilege of sovereign will and so, in Rochester's words, as a "peerless peer," the right to lord it over everyone. (4) Perhaps paradoxically, this assertion of aristocratic privilege above the law generates both the criminality and the glamour of modern outlaws just as it produced both the indictments against and the nostalgic allure of the Stuarts. Indeed, the notorious "frolics" of those "savage nobles" at Charles II's court set a standard of fashionable masculinity that, though under steady assault from social and cultural reform, retained potent cultural currency after 1688 and through the next century. (5) So in the 1690s, following what had become the laughably predictable formula for rakish hijinks, Jonathan Swift in A Tale of a Tub mocks the three brothers' aspirations to stylish hooliganism. Although initially untutored in the ways of the big city, they quickly began to improve in the good Qualities of the Town: They Writ, and Raillyed, and Rhymed, and Sung, and Said, and Said Nothing; They Drank, and Fought, and Whor'd, and Slept, and Swore, and took Snuff: They went to new Plays on the first Night, haunted the Chocolate-Houses, beat the Watch, lay on Bulks, and got Claps: They bilkt Hackney-Coachmen, ran into Debt with Shopkeepers, and lay with their Wives: They killed Bayliffs, kick'd Fidlers down Stairs, eat at Locket's, loyterd at Will's. …

Distracted Subjects: Madness and Gender in Shakespeare and Early Modern Culture

Abstract: In the first book to provide a feminist analysis of early modern madness, Carol Thomas Neely reveals the mobility and heterogeneity of discourses of \"distraction,\" the most common term for the condition in late-sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England. Distracted Subjects shows how changing ideas of madness that circulated through medical, dramatic, and political texts transformed and gendered subjectivities. Supernatural causation is denied, new diagnoses appear, and stage representations proliferate. Drama sometimes leads and sometimes follows other cultural discourses-or forges its own prophetic figures of distraction. The Spanish Tragedy first links madness to masculine tragic self-representation, and Hamlet invents a language to dramatize feminine somatic illness. Innovative women's melancholy is theorized in medical and witchcraft treatises and then elaborated in the extended portrait of the Jailer's Daughter's distraction in The Two Noble Kinsmen. Lovesickness, newly diagnosed in women, demands novel cures, and allows expressions of transgressive sexual desire in treatises and in plays such as As You Like It. The rituals of possession and exorcism, intensely debated off stage, are mocked and exploited on stage in reiterated comic scenes of confinement that madden men to enhance women's power. Neely's final chapter provides a startling challenge to the critically alluring analogy between Bedlam and the early modern stage by documenting that Bethlem hospital offered care, not spectacle, whereas stage Bedlamites served metatheatrical and prophylactic, not mimetic, ends. An epilogue places this particular historical moment within the longer history of madness and shows how our own attitudes toward distraction are haunted by those earlier debates and representations.

Private Confession and the Lutheranization of Sixteenth-Century Nördlingen

Abstract: This article seeks to contribute to the scholarly literature on confessionalization by showing how private confession served as an important marker of official confessional identity in the German Reformation. The discussion focuses on Nordlingen, a Swabian imperial city that has received very little attention from English-speaking Reformation scholars. The article begins with a discussion of the efforts of Kaspar Loner, the city's senior pastor, to implement private confession in Nordlingen, part of his larger effort to "Lutheranize" the imperial city. The analysis then turns to examine the Nordlingen city council's opposition to Loner's intended reforms. Finally, the article examines the unexpected series of events that led to the formal adoption of private confession in Nordlingen, and it concludes with a discussion of how this decision both influenced and reflected the confessional stance of the city's lay and clerical leaders.

Faith and Forgiveness: Lessons in Statecraft for Queen Mary Tudor

Abstract: The last work of English humanist Henry Parker, Lord Morley, "An Account of Miracles Performed by the Holy Eucharist," contained valuable advice for the realm's first ruling queen, Mary Tudor. Cognizant of the special challenges facing a female ruler, Morley delineated guidelines enabling the new queen to combine an active public life with traditional pious devotions to which Mary was committed. He drew examples from recent and distant English history, citing the regimens of Mary's own great-grandmother Lady Margaret Beaufort and of twelfth-century queen Edith Maude. In direct response to political and economic dilemmas, Morley's work assured the queen of the rectitude of her religious stance. Morley's historical examples attempted a complex balance, reinforcing the power of the monarchy and moderating its harshest instincts. Morley also cited examples from his own life, not only to describe a proper role model for the queen but to explain and find forgiveness for his survival through more than seven decades ofTudor rule.

Illustrating the Past in Early Modern England : The Representation of History in Printed Books

Abstract: Contents: Introduction: Historical afterimages and history after images Printing books 'with the pyctures': the context for illustration in 16th-century England Transforming truth: Hilliard, Sidney, and the emergence of an anti-materialist aesthetic Stories and icons: reorienting the visual in John Foxe's Acts and Monuments From 'universal cosmography' to narrative history: The evolution of Holinshed's Chronicles Vision into verse: John Derricke's Image of Ireland and the decline of visual history Conclusion Bibliography Index.

The print collection of Ferdinand Columbus, 1488-1539 : a Renaissance collector in Seville

Abstract: Volume 1. The life, times and works of Ferdinand Columbus The Seville Inventory The system of print classification and description in the inventory Excavating the inventory: an archaeology of the print collection The physical life of the collection and Ferdinand's Universal Library Collecting the Columbus Print Collection German prints and printmaking before 1500 (Fritz Koreny) The more the merrier: Columbus's German and Swiss prints after 1500 (Peter Parshall) Ferdinand Columbus's Italian prints (Michael Bury and David Landau) Collecting Netherlandish prints in the early 16th century (Ger Luijten) The ornament prints in the Columbus collection (Peter Fuhring) Washing the ass's head: exploring the non-religious prints (Malcolm Jones) The maps: Town-view and historical prints in the Columbus inventory (Peter Barber). Appendices: I Ferdinand Columbus's travels II Sequence of classification categories III Documents. Bibliography General index Plates. Volume 2. Technical introduction to catalogue Catalogue of prints Indices.

The Early Modern Englishwoman: A Facsimile Library of Essential Works; Printed Writings, 1500-1640; Part 3, Vol. 3, Elizabeth Evelinge, II

Abstract: Printed Writings 1500-1640, Series I, Part One consists of ten volumes of writings by and about early modern Englishwomen. The set comprises the following titles: Volume 1: Anne Askew Volume 2: Literary Works by and attributed to Elizabeth Cary Volume 3: Katherine Parr Volume 4: Defences of Women: Jane Anger, Rachel Speght, Ester Sowernam and Constantia Munda Volume 5: Susanne DuVerger Volume 6: Mary Sidney Herbert Volume 7: Alice Sutcliffe Volume 8: Margaret Tyler Volume 9: Anne Wheathill Volume 10: Mary Wroth

Speaking in the medieval world

Abstract: Acknowledgments Notes on the Contributors Introduction, Jean E. Godsall-Myers PART ONE Peccatum linguae and the Punishment of Speech Violations in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, Bettina Lindorfer He Conquered al the Regne of Femenye: What Chaucer's Knight doesn't tell about Theseus, Laurel Broughton Gender Conflicts, Miscommunication, and Communicative Communities in the Late Middle Ages: The Evidence of Fifteenth-Century German Verse Narratives, Albrecht Classen With a Silver Spoon in his Mouth? Wolfram's Courtly Contestants, Jean E. Godsall-Myers PART TWO Negotiating the Present: Language and Trouthe in the Franklin's Tale, Andrea Schutz Bilingualism and Betrayal in Chaucer's Summoner's Tale, Tom Shippey The Discourse of Characterization in Jehan et Blonde, Carol Harvey Ways of Using Abusive Language in La Celestina, Lourdes Albuixech Index

Shakespeare Jesuited: The Plagiarisms of ‘Pater Clarcus’

Abstract: Scholars have entertained the possibility that Shakespeare may have had a Roman Catholic readership of expatriate Englishmen on the Continent since Willem Schrickx discovered a book-list of 1619 establishing that a Quarto copy of Pericles was then owned by the English Jesuit college at Saint-Omer. 1 A few copies of the Folio are also known to have made their way out of England and into Catholic hands: Gondomar purchased a first Folio in 1623 and reputedly handed it on as an heirloom to his descendants in Spain; and a second Folio existed at the Jesuit college at Valladolid, and was censored by William Sankey SJ, under the authority of the Inquisition, for student reading. Later in the seventeenth century, an English Catholic at Douai transcribed the texts of six plays from the second Folio, perhaps in preparation for amateur performances.' A few plays by seventeenth-century Catholic dramatists also have Shakespearian connections, some tenuous and some secure. In his Palaestra eloquentiae ligatae dramatica (1664), the German Jesuit Jakob Masen summarizes the plot of a play about Romeo and Juliet, but the most we can say is that the anonymous dramatist was attracted to the same subject matter as Shakespeare: there were numerous versions of the story in European literature of the period, and the author must either have had an unusual source or have been an inattentive reader, for he seems to have thought that Romeo was a Capulet. There are more certain links to Shakespeare in the satirical comedy, The Anti-Bishop (1629-30), written by an English Catholic at the time of the Chalcedon controversy. (The manuscript is now in the English College, Rome, but was probably transcribed in England.) The play's editor, Suzanne Gossett, has shown that the principal model for the play, with its sardonic on-stage 'grex' or chorus, was Ben Jonson's Every Man Out of His Humour; but the inept Constable Pumpkin can trace his lineage back to Dogberry, and even to his antecedent, Anthony Dull: 'I reprehend the king's own person here', says Pumpkin in a fruitless attempt to assert his authority (3369), which comes almost verbatim from Dull in Love's Labours Lost