Showing papers in "The International Journal of Qualitative Methods in 2004"
TL;DR: In this article, the core principles of a phenomenological research design and a specific study are discussed, and the data explicitation, by means of a simplified version of Hycner's (1999) process, is further explained.
Abstract: This article distills the core principles of a phenomenological research design and, by means of a specific study, illustrates the phenomenological methodology. After a brief overview of the developments of phenomenology, the research paradigm of the specific study follows. Thereafter the location of the data, the data-gathering the data-storage methods are explained. Unstructured in-depth phenomenological interviews supplemented by memoing, essays by participants, a focus group discussion and field notes were used. The data explicitation, by means of a simplified version of Hycner's (1999) process, is further explained. The article finally contains commentary about the validity and truthfulness measures, as well as a synopsis of the findings of the study.
2,342 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors further develop their understanding of this methodological alternative by elaborating on the objective and mechanisms of its analytic processes and by expanding their consideration of its interpretive products.
Abstract: The past decade has witnessed remarkable evolution within qualitative health research as scholars have moved beyond initial adherence to the specific methods of phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography to develop methods more responsive to the experience-based questions of interest to a practice-based discipline. Interpretive description (Thorne, Reimer Kirkham, & MacDonald-Emes, 1997) is an inductive analytic approaches designed to create ways of understanding clinical phenomena that yield applications implications. In this article, we further develop our understanding of this methodological alternative by elaborating on the objective and mechanisms of its analytic processes and by expanding our consideration of its interpretive products.
1,458 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Moustakas described the procedures for organizing and analyzing data in a phenomenological qualitative study and illustrated each step in the data analysis procedure of transcendental phenomenology using a study of reinvestment or theripple effect for nine individuals who have participated in a youth leadership mentoring program from the 1970s to the present.
Abstract: Several approaches exist for organizing and analyzing data in a phenomenological qualitative study. Transcendental phenomenology, based on principles identified by Husserl (1931) and translated into a qualitative method by Moustakas (1994), holds promise as a viable procedure for phenomenological research. However, to best understand the approach to transcendental phenomenology, the procedures need to be illustrated by a qualitative study that employs this approach. This article first discusses the procedures for organizing and analyzing data according to Moustakas (1994). Then it illustrates each step in the data analysis procedure of transcendental phenomenology using a study of reinvestment or the “ripple effect” for nine individuals who have participated in a youth leadership mentoring program from the 1970s to the present. Transcendental phenomenology works well for this study as this methodology provides logical, systematic, and coherent design elements that lead to an essential description of the experience.
315 citations
TL;DR: A new methodology for qualitative research on the Internet, based on the integration of qualitative data-gathering methodologies both online and offline, is proposed, which enables the creation of rich ethnography or, as Geertz (1973) has called it, “thick description,” not limited to the Internet alone.
Abstract: This article proposes a new methodology for qualitative research on the Internet, based on the integration of qualitative data-gathering methodologies both online and offline. This combination enables the creation of rich ethnography or, as Geertz (1973) has called it, “thick description,” not limited to the Internet alone. The importance of this article lies in its contribution to a better understanding of the research potential of the Internet and its implementation in qualitative research methodologies.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Popular Theatre project with a group of high school drama students in a rural Alberta community is described, where the participants draw out, represent and question their experiences through theatrical means.
Abstract: This article discusses a Popular Theatre project with a group of high school drama students in a rural Alberta community. As a research method, Popular Theatre draws on traditions in participatory research and performance ethnography. In our project, entitled “Life in the Sticks,” based on students’ initial claims that their issues were determined by their rural environment, Popular Theatre was a way to collectively draw out, represent and question their experiences through theatrical means. Our process helped students re-examine their beliefs and helped me reframe the notion “at-risk” to include the perceptions of youth. Popular Theatre is shown to be an effective pedagogical tool and research method in the new insights and critical understandings it yielded.
159 citations
TL;DR: Feminist action research is a promising, though under-developed, research approach for advancing women's health and social justice agendas as mentioned in this paper, and the foundations, principles, dimensions, promises, and challenges of engaging in feminist action research are explored.
Abstract: Feminist action research is a promising, though under-developed, research approach for advancing women’s health and social justice agendas In this article the foundations, principles, dimensions, promises, and challenges of engaging in feminist action research are explored
134 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared inductive, deductive, and abductive reasoning, and argued that abductive inference is the proper technique when nothing is known about the research at the outset, and compared the three methods from scratch.
Abstract: This article looks at the process of doing research ‘from scratch'. The author began a project investigating children of Ethiopian origin living in Israel to see how ones who attended a kindergartern program years earlier differed from those who had not attended. However, the problem from the outset was that there may not be a difference to find. In this article, the author compares inductive, deductive, and abductive reasoning, and argues that abductive reasoning is the proper technique when nothing is known about the research at the outset.
105 citations
TL;DR: This article used a qualitative approach to elicit information from Mandarin- or Cantonese-speaking participants for a colorectal cancer prevention study, and discussed the implications of these lessons for the development of culturally competent health knowledge.
Abstract: There is a growing awareness and interest in the development of culturally competent health knowledge. Drawing on experience using a qualitative approach to elicit information from Mandarin- or Cantonese-speaking participants for a colorectal cancer prevention study, the authors describe lessons learned through the analysis process. These lessons include benefits and drawbacks of the use of coders from the studied culture group, challenges posed by using translated data for analysis, and suitable analytic approaches and research methods for cross-cultural, cross-language qualitative research. The authors also discuss the implications of these lessons for the development of culturally competent health knowledge.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the issues of double agency when faculty involve students as participants in their research and explore the double agency in the fiduciary relationship between faculty and their students.
Abstract: Faculty who engage students as participants in their qualitative research often encounter methodological and ethical problems. Ethical issues arise from the fiduciary relationship between faculty and their students, and violations of that relationship occur when the educator has a dual role as researcher with those students. Methodological issues arise from research designs to address these ethical issues. This conflict is particularly evident in faculty research on pedagogy in their own disciplines, for which students are necessary as participants but are captive in the relationship. In this article, the authors explore the issues of double agency when faculty involve students as participants in their research.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of the methods of life stories or biographical interviewing in research on personal and social identity is discussed, and the implications of using life stories for understanding an individual's sense of identity are discussed.
Abstract: In this article, the author looks at the use of the methods of life stories or biographical interviewing in research on personal and social identity. She presents the rationale behind the use of the method and its basic procedures and then moves on to a discussion of the concept of identity. To demonstrate the relevance of this method for the study of identity construction, she presents examples from three life story interviews with Jewish Israeli young adults, all born in the mid 1970s. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of using life stories for understanding an individual’s sense of identity.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the pros and cons of using online focus groups to collect information from a geographically diverse population are discussed, and the authors outline a method of online data collection, which is based on a focus group approach.
Abstract: In this article, the author outlines a method of online data collection. The pros and cons of using online focus groups to collect information from a geographically diverse population are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue for the existence of a relationship between metanarrative and leadership effectiveness that is mediated by personal meaning, and they present a model that attributes this relationship to the capacity of met-arrative to produce meaning through the interpretive frames of Telos (teleological context), Chronos (historical-narrative context), and Hermēneia (interpretive context).
Abstract: In this article, we argue for the existence of a relationship between metanarrative and leadership effectiveness that is mediated by personal meaning. After analyzing the relevant literatures, we present a model that attributes this relationship to the capacity of metanarrative to produce meaning through the interpretive frames of Telos (teleological context), Chronos (historical-narrative context), and Hermēneia (interpretive context). We begin with a review of the leadership effectiveness literature followed by a discussion of the theoretical foundations of the concepts of meaning and metanarrative. From this review, we derive a set of propositions that describe the nature of the interrelationships among the constructs of interest and present a theoretical model that captures the proposed relationships. We conclude by suggesting several streams of research designed to evaluate the proposed model and with recommendations for further study.
TL;DR: Though there many complex and powerful computer programs for working with video, the work done in qualitative research does not require those programs, and simple editing software is sufficient.
Abstract: This article presents tips on how to use video in qualitative research. The author states that, though there many complex and powerful computer programs for working with video, the work done in qualitative research does not require those programs. For this work, simple editing software is sufficient. Also presented is an easy and efficient method of transcribing video clips.
TL;DR: In this article, the expressive potential of music and how it can be applied in an arts-based qualitative research project is discussed, and the limitation of music, and other forms of non-verbal forms of artistic expression, are discussed.
Abstract: In this article, the author discusses the expressive potential of music and how it can be applied in an arts-based qualitative research project. The limitation of music, and other forms of non-verbal forms of artistic expression, are discussed. The conclusion is that music can serve well as a supplementary form of expression in arts-based research, but, like many texts, even those whose meaningfulness is taken for granted, cannot stand alone.
TL;DR: The author concludes that even though mini-disc recorders are more expensive than cassette recorders, the benefits make the cost outlay worthwhile.
Abstract: In this article, the author discusses the benefits of digital audio recording on mini-disc for qualitative interviews Some of these benefits include increased fidelity, longer recording time, and the ability to index recordings The author concludes that even though mini-disc recorders are more expensive than cassette recorders, the benefits make the cost outlay worthwhile
TL;DR: In this paper, the question "What nourishes the spirit of the adolescent in the classroom" was subjected to an inventive strategy and the inquiry centered around student-driven questions inserted into a holistic intrapersonal curriculum.
Abstract: Through action research the question “What nourishes the spirit of the adolescent in the classroom” was subjected to an inventive strategy. The inquiry centered around student-driven questions inserted into a holistic intrapersonal curriculum. Recognition of the penury of literature in adolescent self and spirituality led the researcher to formulate the question, to organize and implement sessions with engaged students in a fluid way, to create an appropriate environment, to collect the data, and to analyze the data along thematic lines. Ultimately, the concept that interconnected components such as competence, encouragement, confidence, and self-esteem allow holistic teaching to flourish when creativity, choice, imagination, and constructivism nourish the adolescent spirit in the classroom. A theory clearly rises from the research. Teaching from a holistic perspective, a teacher can offset the solely outcome-based curriculum directives. The teacher and the adolescents committed to learning can continue to regard outcomes while focusing our commitment to process. To nourish the spirit is key. It is an ongoing process of infinite proportions capable of unleashing the energies of all stakeholders in education: teachers, students, parents, officials. The process, if pursued in a determined and mindful way, will witness the establishment of a civil society, one that endures in a renewable way at all levels: home, school, and community.