Showing papers in "The Journal of Asian Studies in 1996"

Asia in Japan's embrace : building a regional production alliance

Abstract: This book is an incisive analysis of Japan's deepening economic presence in Asia. It challenges neoclassical economists, arguing that instead of simply building a 'yen bloc' or responding to market forces, Japanese business and government elites are working together to build an expanded - and potentially exclusive - production zone. The authors suggest that the transplantation of many standard Japanese business practices in Asia is based on the concept of keiretsu (enterprise group) which allows a complex web of production networks to develop. The book shows that such strategic control of technology is a unique model of globalisation. While informed by economic theory, Asia in Japan's Embrace is highly accessible, containing interviews and anecdotal evidence from factory floors and board rooms. It is comprehensive and controversial, outlining policy implications and the impact on global trade.

The Challenge Of Local Feminisms : Women's Movements In Global Perspective

Abstract: * Foreword Susan V. Berresford. * Introduction Amrita Basu. Asia * Discovering the Positive Within the Negative: The Womens Movement in a Changing China Naihua Zhang with Wu Xu. * From Chipko to Sati: The Contemporary Indian Womens Movement Radha Kumar. * Men in Seclusion, Women in Public: Rokeyas Dream and Womens Struggles in Bangladesh Roushan Jahan. * Rebirthing Babaye: The Womens Movement in the Philippines Lilia Quindoza Santiago. Africa And The Middle East * The Dawn of a New Day: Redefining South African Feminism Amanda Kemp, Nozizwe Madlala, Asha Moodley, and Elaine Salo. * The Many Faces of Feminism in Namibia Dianne Hubbard and Colette Solomon. * The Mother of Warriors and Her Daughters: The Womens Movement in Kenya Wilhelmina Oduol and Wanjiku Mukabi Kabira. * Wifeism and Activism: The Nigerian Womens Movement Hussaina Abdullah. * Claiming Feminism, Claiming Nationalism: Womens Activism in the Occupied Territories Islah Jad. Latin America * Out of the Kitchens and onto the Streets: Womens Activism in Peru Cecilia Blondet. * Democracy in the Country and in the Home: The Womens Movement in Chile Alicia Frohmann and Teresa Valds. * Brazilian Feminism and Womens Movements: A Two-Way Street Vera Soares, Ana Alice Alcantara Costa, Cristina Maria Buarque, Denise Dourado Dora, and Wania SantAnna. * Building Bridges: The Growth of Popular Feminism in Mexico Marta Lamas, Alicia Martnez, Mara Luisa Tarrs, and Esperanza Tun (translated by Ellen Calmus). Russia, Europe, And The United States * Democracy Without Women Is No Democracy: Womens Struggles in Postcommunist Russia Elizabeth Waters and Anastasia Posadskaya. * Finding a Voice: Women in Postcommunist Central Europe Elzbieta Matynia. * Extending the Boundaries of Citizenship: Womens Movements of Western Europe Jane Jenson. * Feminism Lives: Building a Multicultural Womens Movement in the United States Leslie R. Wolfe and Jennifer Tucker.

The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation

Abstract: In December 1995, the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals, ICMI (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim se-Indonesia), held its second national congress in Jakarta (Kompas 4–10 December 1995; Republika, 4–10 December 1995; Gatra 9 and 16 December 1995; Forum Keadilan, 1 January 1996; Ummat, 11 December 1995). Twelve hundred delegates, representing 42 000 members from all Indonesian provinces and from many Indonesian Islamic communities abroad, participated. Minister of Research and Technology B. J. Habibie, generally considered President Suharto’s favourite cabinet member, was chosen for a second five-year term as national chair. Sixteen ministers, nearly half the cabinet, were elected to leadership positions, and the President himself was designated ICMI’s ‘Protector’ (Pelindung).

Presidential Address: Reenvisioning the Qing: The Significance of the Qing Period in Chinese History

Abstract: Thirty years ago, Association for Asian Studies President Ho Ping-ti summarized the state of Qing studies in his address, “The Significance of the Ch'ing Period in Chinese History” (Ho 1967). Since that time, there have been major shifts in scholarly perceptions of the nature and significance of Qing rule that bear directly on contemporary issues of nationalism and ethnicity. I will survey the recent secondary literature, compare current formulations of Qing history with those enunciated by Professor Ho, and appraise their implications for our understanding of China.

“Sultan among Hindu Kings”: Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara

Abstract: When Robert Sewell inaugurated the modern study of the South Indian state of Vijayanagara with his classic A Forgotten Empire (1900), he characterized the state as “a Hindu bulwark against Muhammadan conquests” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1), thereby formulating one of the enduring axioms of Vijayanagara historiography. From their capital on the banks of the Tungabhadra river, the kings of Vijayanagara ruled over a territory of more than 140,000 square miles, and their state survived three changes of dynasty to endure for a period of nearly three hundred years, from the mid-fourteenth through the mid-seventeenth centuries (Stein 1989, 1–2). According to Sewell, this achievement was to be understood as “the natural result of the persistent efforts made by the Muhammadans to conquer all India” ([1900] 1962, 1). Hindu kingdoms had exercised hegemony over South India for most of the previous millennium, but were divided among themselves when the Muslim forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq swept over the South in the early decades of the fourteenth century: “When these dreaded invaders reached the Krishna River the Hindus to their south, stricken with terror, combined, and gathered in haste to the new standard [of Vijayanagara] which alone seemed to offer some hope of protection. The decayed old states crumbled away into nothingness, and the fighting kings of Vijayanagar became the saviours of the south for two and a half centuries” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1).

Sojourners and settlers : histories of Southeast Asia and the Chinese

Abstract: Only recently has the role of Chinese minorities at the forefront of Southeast Asia's rapid economic growth attracted world attention. Yet interactions between Chinese and Southeast Asians are longstanding and intense, reaching back a thousand years and making it difficult, if not specious, to attempt to disentangle what is Chinese and what is indigenous in much of Southeast Asian culture. "Sojourners and Settlers", written by some of the most distinguished specialists in the field, demonstrates the depth of that relationship.

Women and Industrialization in Asia

Abstract: List of contributors List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements 1. Overview of the seven country studies Susan Horton 2. Women in the Indian labour force: a temporal and spatial analysis Sarthi Acharya 3. Women and the labour market in Indonesia during the 1980s Dwayne Benjamin 4. Women in the Japanese economy M. Anne Hill 5. Women's employment structure and male-female wage differentials in Korea Moo Ki Bai and Woo Hyun Cho 6. Women in the labour market in the Philippines Ruperto Alonzo, Susan Horton and Reema Nayar 8 Changes in women's economic role in Thailand Mathana Phananiramai

The Barbed Walls of China: A Contemporary Grassland Drama

Abstract: Bien que les eleveurs Mongols et les fermiers Han ont vecu en interaction perpetuelle pendant des siecles, le fait demeure qu'ils n'ont jamais vecu ensemble. Meme apres les assujettissements militaires et politiques, les communautes Mongol des Grassland ont reussi a maintenir des poches d'espace et de droit de mode de vie disctincts au sein de l'aire communiste. Les pasteurs residents contemporains de l'est de la Mongolie interieure se trouvent aujourd'hui coinces entre un passe mobile et un futur sedentaire, vivant dans l'insecurite croissante d'un present insoutenable. L'anxiete se nourrrit a plusieurs sources, mais derive finalement de deux processus lies : une base de ressources naturelles declinantes menacee par les dunes de sable-mouvant et la pression demographique, et par les influences pertubatrices des recentes initiatives gouvernementales visant a «rationaliser» la production de l'elevage. Le changement le plus perturbant est lie a la discipline spaciale peu familiere introduite par le mouvement de cloture dirige par le gouvernement ces 15 dernieres annees. Cet article presente une etude de cas, au niveau d'un village, qui reflete les modeles contrastes de perception et d'utilisation de l'espace par les Han et les Mongol et passe en revue quelques theories emergentes concernant le role de la perception du paysage dans l'identite sociale. Puis l'A. discute des preferences environnementales traditionnelles et contemporaines des eleveurs Mongol en contraste avec le discours national dominant chinois

Art and nationalism in colonial India, 1850-1922 : occidental orientations

Abstract: Part I. Prologue: 1. The phenomenon: occidental orientations Part II. The Age of Optimism: 2. Art education and Raj patronage 3. Salon artists and the rise of the Indian public 4. The power of the printed image 5. The artist as charismatic individual: Raja Ravi Varma Part III. The Great Wave of Cultural Nationalism: 6. Bengali patriots and art for the nation 7. Ideology of Swadeshi art 8. How the past was salvaged by Swadeshi artists 9. Westernisers and Orientalists : public battle of styles Part IV. Epilogue: l0. The passing of the age of oriental art.

South Korea's Minjung Movement: The Culture and Politics of Dissidence

Abstract: The minjung (people's) movement stood at the forefront of the June 1987 nationwide tide that swept away the military in South Korea and opened up space for relatively democratic politics, a more responsible economy, and new directions in culture. This volume is the first in English to grapple specifically with the nature of a national development that lies at the center of the last three decades of tumult and change in South Korea.

Down to earth : the territorial bond in South China

Abstract: 1. Introduction Helen F. Siu and David Faure 2. Lineage on the sands: the case of Shawan Liu Zhiwei 3. Territorial community at the town of Lubao, Sanshui county, from the Ming Dynasty Luo Yixing 4. Ordination names in Hakka genealogies: a religious practice and its decline Chan Wing-Hoi 5. Notes on the territorial connections of the Dan Ye Xian'en 6. Notes and impressions of the Cheung Chau community James Hayes 7. Reinforcing ethnicity: the Jiao festival in Cheung Chau Choi Chi-Cheung 8. The alliance of ten: settlement and politics in the Sha Tau Kok area Patrick Hase 9. Lineage socialism and community control: Tangang Xiang in the 1920s and 1930s David Faure 10. Subverting lineage power: local bosses and territorial control in the 1940s Helen F. Siu 11. Conclusion: history and anthropology Helen F. Siu and David Faure Notes Character list Index.

Central Asia, 130 years of Russian dominance : a historical overview

Abstract: For centuries, Central Asia has been a leading civilization, an Islamic heartland, and a geographical link between West and East After a long traditional history, it is now in a state of change With the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, five newborn Central Asian states have emerged in place of the former Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan "Central Asia" provides the most comprehensive survey of the history of the impact of Russian rule upon the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural life of this diverse region Together, these essays convey a sense of the region's community as well as the divisive policies that have affected it for so longNow in its third edition (it was first published in 1967 and revised in 1989), this new edition of "Central Asia "has been updated to include a new preface, a revised and updated bibliography, and a final chapter that brings the book up to 1994 in considering the crucial problems that stem from a deprivation of sovereign, indigenous leadership over the past 130 years This volume provides a broad and essential background for understanding what has led up to the late twentieth-century configuration of Central Asia

The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness (1855-1913)

Abstract: A unique study of the growth and development of the Indonesian press and its influence on the birth of a modern Indonesian socioeconomic and political consciousness. It details the evolution of the vernacular press and its resulting conflicts with colonial forces. It also examines the development of modern Indonesian society.

Rereading the 1890s: Venereal Disease as “Constitutional Crisis” in Britain and British India

Abstract: My tale is an eloquent one, with heroes and villains, crises and angst, passion and fury. What it lacks in resolution it more than makes up for in dramatic tension. It is a story set in Britain and India in the 1890s, a time of intense polarities. This was the decade in which Oscar Wilde, Britain's most lionized playwright, was imprisoned for homosexuality; in which the spark of “new unionism” flared and then fizzled; in which Britain competed in the “scramble for Africa,” adding new colonial possessions to its already ample stockpile. It was the decade of imperial budgets, of mounting tension in South Africa, of the call for tariff reform, of the “new Woman,” and of that curious political hybrid, Liberal-Unionism.

The Oppressive Present: Literature and Social Consciousness in Colonial India.

Abstract: In this book Chandra attempts to better understand the dominant structure of social consciousness in modern India through a study of various literary and social texts written in Hindi, Bengali, Gujurati, and Marathi during the late colonial period. Chandra's skillful reading of texts that are often inaccessible to readers of English, as well as the insight he provides into the nature of social consciousness and the complex processes by which it develops, makes this an important resource for anyone interested in India's literary and social history.

Asian industrialization and Africa : studies in policy alternatives to structural adjustment

Abstract: List of Tables and Figures - Notes on the Contributors - Acknowledgements - Abbreviations - Maps of East and Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa - Policy Alternatives to Structural Adjustment in Africa: An Introduction H.Stein - The World Bank, Neo-Classical Economics and the Application of Asian Industrial Policy to Africa H.Stein - Japan's Industrial Development, 1868-1939: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa E.W.Nafziger - The Korean Miracle (1962-80) Revisited: Myths and Realities in Strategies and Development K.S.Kim - The State as Agent: Industrial Development in Taiwan, 1952-1972 D.Brautigam - Colonialism and Entrepreneurship in Africa and Hong Kong: A Comparative Perspective S.G.Redding & S.Tam - Foreign Investment, the State and Industrial Policy in Singapore L.Lim - East Asia and Industrial Policy in Malaysia: Lessons for Africa? C.Edwards - Bibliography - Index

Infanticide in Early Modern Japan? Demography, Culture, and Population Growth

Abstract: The apparent stagnation [in population growth] during the century and a half from the early 1700s to 1850 is a sharp contrast with population patterns in Japan both earlier and later. The author investigates possible reasons for this apparent stagnation with a focus on the impact of infanticide on mortality levels. "Scholars who have examined the relationship between population growth rates and economic resources in early modern Japan have rightly focussed on the stagnation of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century....Those who concentrated on mortality emphasized famine; those who concentrated on fertility infanticide. The objective of this paper has been to create a more complicated but more nuanced picture. To do so I have emphasized the third component of population growth migration....The multiple components of demography worked together to create the population patterns we observe in early modern Japan." (EXCERPT)

Gandhi's Body, Gandhi's Truth: Nonviolence and the Biomoral Imperative of Public Health

Abstract: L'A. offre une lecture nouvelle des ouvrages de Gandhi sur l'alimentation, le sexe et l'hygiene. En enoncant « que la violence etait, pour lui, autant une question de sante publique que de politique, de morale et de religion », l'A. defie les etudes anterieures qui dissociaient la preoccupation de Gandhi des questions de sante et ses idees politiques de meme que les travaux qui traitaient de ces liens mais seulement en terme de meta-interpretations psychologiques et sociopsychologiques. L'A. considere de maniere differente la conception de sante selon Gandhi en la contextualisant dans la structure qu'il nomme « dernier imperialisme », une structure qui permet a l'A. de voir les convictions personnelles de son sujet d'etude dans le « contexte de l'impact du colonialisme sur les corps des sujets ». Les « experiences » personnelles de Gandhi « avec la verite », qu'elles soient centrees sur la dietetique, le celibat, l'hygiene et la cure naturelle, ne peuvent etre separees de sa recherche de la verite, de sa croyance en la non-violence ou de sa campagne pour la reforme sociopolitique

Women, Resistance and the Divided Nation: The Romantic Rhetoric of Korean Reunification

Abstract: L'A. explore la genealogie et construit le discours dissident de reunification de la Coree du Sud en le localisant dans le contexte plus large du « chuch'eron » (doctrine d'independance) et de la rhetorique developpee pendant la periode coloniale. Ce discours, adopte par le mouvement etudiant actuel, se concentre sur l'image familiere de la femme idealisee et vertueuse. Cette idealisation presente une image confuceenne traditionnelle de la femme, seule ou anxieuse a cause de sa separation d'avec ses proches mais toujours vertueuse et resolue face a l'adversite. L'image idealisee de la femme comme incarnant l'identite essentielle de la culture nationale coreenne a ete maintenue pour s'opposer a la division du pays et pour empecher sa contamination par les valeurs europeennes. En developpant une position rhetorique contre la division, la « rhetorique romantique de la reunification coreenne » s'est appropriee la « question de la femme comme moyen de presenter la crise percue de l'identite personnelle de la Coree ». Ainsi, le nationalisme et la sexualite sont apparus dans le discours de la reunification coreenne

Greater China: The Next Superpower? Edited by David Shambaugh. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. ix, 310 pp. $24.00.

Abstract: D. Shambaugh: Introduction: The Emergence of Greater China. 1: H. Harding: The Concept of Greater China. 2: M. Yahuda: The Foreign Relations of Greater China. 3: R. Ash and Y. Y. Kueh: Economic Integration within Greater China. 4: Q. Luo and C. Howe: Direct Investment and Economic Integraton in the Asia Pacific. 5: C.-P. Lin: Beijing and Taipei: Interactions in the Post-Tiananmen Period. 6: B. Hook: Political Change in Hong Kong. 7: H. Baker: Social Change in Hong Kong. 8: R. Edmonds: Macau and Greater China. 9: T. Gold: Hong Kong and Taiwan Popular Culture in Greater China. 10: W. Gungwu: Greater China and the Chinese Overseas. 11: R. Scalapino: China in the late Leninist Era

Putting the Mandala in its place : A practice-based approach to the spatialization of power on the Southeast Asian 'periphery' : The case of the Akha

Abstract: L'A. interroge les modeles des systemes politiques premodernes d'Asie du Sud-Est, surtout les mandala et les autres concepts spatialises associes a la « politique cosmique », en enoncant qu'ils sont construits du point de vue des sources elitistes et du centre. Ils reaffirment donc des structures de pouvoir existantes. En s'appuyant sur sa recherche sur les Akha vivant le long de la frontiere thai-birmane, l'A. demontre que les approches de la « politique cosmique » sont construites sur un « modele de hierarchie » et negligent la possibilite de contestations a l'interieur de cette hierarchie. L'etude des Akha et de leurs notions d'unite politique supralocale (« myan »), de politique villageoise et de groupe domestique montrent que les codes spatiaux sont deployes differemment selon les contextes

Gender, Race, and Semicolonialism: Liu Na'ou's Urban Shanghai Landscape

Abstract: In 1924 a half-Taiwanese, half-Japanese man travelled from Japan to Shanghai to study French at the Jesuit Universite L'Aurore. He was young, flamboyant, and rich, and eventually used his own personal funds to found two bookstores and three journals in Shanghai. Despite his ambiguous national identity and lack of formal Chinese education, he also became the founder of a Chinese modernist literary movement called new sensationism (xinganjue pai), earned substantial notoriety, and attracted a host of followers. Murdered by an unidentified assassin in 1939, in his shorr life Liu Na'ou (1900–39) mirrored the literary movement that he created and that died with him. But this was not before he had published an intriguing collection of short stories entitled Scene (his own French title, 1930a), which was in some measure to define what urban writing meant for Chinese writers in Shanghai during the Nanjing decade (1927–37), as the quotation above suggests.

Government-NGO relations in Asia : prospects and challenges for people-centred development

Abstract: Acknowledgements - List of Contributors - List of Acronyms - List of Tables and Figures - Toward New Government-NGO Relations for Sustainable and People-Centred Development N.Heyzer - Contending Perspectives for Interpreting Government-NGO Relations in South and Southeast Asia: Constraints, Challenges and the Search for Common Ground in Rural Development J.V.Riker - Challenges and Future Directions for Asian NGOs C.de Fonseka - Asian NGOs in Development: Their Role and Impact A.Bhatt - From Cooptation to Cooperation and Collaboration in Government-NGO Relations: Toward an Enabling Policy Environment for People-Centred Development in Asia J.V.Riker - Government, NGO and International Agency Cooperation: Whose Agenda? D.C.Korten & A.B.Quizon - Steps Toward People-Centred Development: Vision and Strategies D.C.Korten - Reflections on Government-NGO Relations in Asia: Prospects and Challenges for People-Centred Development J.V.Riker - Bibliography - Appendix 1: The Legal Framework for NGOs and the Voluntary Sector: Recommended Principles - Appendix 2: Strategies for Improving the Policy Environment for NGOs -Index