Showing papers in "The Personnel and Guidance Journal in 1971"

The Hill Interaction Matrix.

Abstract: The Hill Interaction Matrix represents a system of classifying group process and group progress, which has been empirically derived and systematically researched. Leadership style, group composition, and group development are simultaneously quantified through the use of this matrix. It represents an attempt to objectify the art of group therapy.

A radical change in counselor education and certification

Abstract: The new Washington state certification plan for school counselors includes promising innovations. The plan calls for behaviorally stated performance standards related to client outcomes. Resulting programs for in-service as well as pre-service counselors are developed in a partnership among professional associations, school districts, and university counselor education personnel. Professional identity and involvement are encouraged through counselor self-assessment against specific performance criteria, individualized training and self-renewal programs, and lifelong professional development plans. A new role is developed of a counselor staff development specialist who functions as a school training consultant and counselor educator.

Helping women to resolve the home‐career conflict

Abstract: Counselors can no longer dodge the special demands of vocational decision-making with women by saying either “Sooner or later she will settle down and get married” or “A woman can do anything a man can do.” Counselors and educators can help to clarify the factors involved in the vocational choice process with high school and college girls, particularly where these factors differ from those affecting men. There is no need to wait for a woman to seek counseling in order to expose her to these factors; such clarification should be built into high school and college guidance programs for girls. Society will gain if women choose careers at a level commensurate with their potential.

A student‐operated crisis center

Abstract: In this article we describe an attempt to meet a university community's needs for emergency mental health services through the establishment of a student-operated telephone emergency service. The service provides an interesting model for use of nonprofessionals in mental health services, in which the professional functions primarily as a trainer and consultant rather than offering direct services. We describe the structure of the center and then discuss further innovations and projects.

Laboratory training and encounter groups

Abstract: This article reviews developments and concepts in the small group training field. It provides a brief historical perspective on group training and working definitions for some of the more frequently mentioned types of small groups: the T-group, encounter group, marathon, and therapy group. It also comments on research dealing with both the effects of group training and professional-ethical issues.

Counseling black college students in special programs

Abstract: The black college student's encounter with special programs gives rise to special counseling needs which this article describes. In effect, the counselor's task is to assist the student to cope with institutional demands and overcome the alienating effect of the impersonal, white, middle class institution. To do this, the counselor must establish a unique relationship with the student at a critical moment through an outreach approach. Subsequently, the counselor will also be called upon to assist the student in the resolution of an identity crisis. White counselors are not disqualified, but they may need to modify their style of counseling.

Is empathy ear-to-ear or face-to-face?

Abstract: If counselor and counselee cannot see each other, is the quality of their relationship affected? This study compares the empathy ratings of trained and untrained counselors in three different situations: counseling by telephone, in a confessional-type arrangement, and face-to-face. Although trained counselors scored significantly higher empathic understanding ratings than untrained counselors, there was little difference among the ratings for the three methods used.

Counseling for power

Abstract: Being different in America has nurtured a catastrophic sense of despair and powerlessness among the different. Counselors, hoping to be in some way helpful to the powerless, need to send out a message that shows a completely new kind of acceptance—an acceptance of a totally different life style and pace than most institutions accept. Counselors need to function in such a way that formerly degraded and powerless youngsters feel safe and free enough to find and express a personal, human, and uplifting sense of their own worth and power.

Ethical Standards For Group Leaders.

Abstract: A group leader is one who assumes the responsibility for a group dealing with interpersonal relationships. The leader is committed to a belief in the dignity and personal worth of each member of a group with whom he works. While demanding the freedom to function as a professional, he also accepts the responsibilities this freedom implies and defends the rights and freedom of his group members. He maintains integrity in his relationships with other professionals and the public. He does not use his specialized knowledge to take personal advantage of group members, nor does he permit himself to be used by others for purposes inconsistent with his own ethical standards. The group leader is expected to abide by and practice the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association and the American Personnel and Guidance Association. He is also expected to practice the following ethical standards that were developed for, and are more directly applicable to, working with groups.

Multiple Family Group Counseling.

Abstract: This article describes the innovative, short-term approach of multiple-family group counseling in which the counselor applies the principles and dynamics found in family and group counseling to the treatment of the student—in this case, the “identified client” and his family. In an attempt to provide an effective and economical therapeutic experience of practical value to the school system, several family units meet together to discuss some of the personal-social problems that adversely affect the adolescent and result in the acquisition of maladaptive behaviors within the school setting.

A Philosopher's View of Values and Ethics.

Abstract: Counseling is the practical art of making rational decisions about values; thus it is part science and part philosophy. As a professional activity it falls midway between science and philosophy and partakes of the characteristics of both. Counseling readily recognizes its dependence on professional science for empirical knowledge about fact and theory but tends to ignore the analytic contributions of professional philosophy for understanding the nature of value and value theory. Counseling will be a better art when counselors are as concerned with what philosophy says about values as they are with the contributions of the social sciences.