Showing papers in "Theology in 2021"
TL;DR: The main novelty of as mentioned in this paper brings concerns a particular iconographic motif: that known as the "trial by the water of reproach" in Cappadocian art, where only Mary is presented as undergoing this test, but Joseph is also subjected to it.
Abstract: The main novelty my article brings concerns a particular iconographic motif: that known as the ‘trial by the water of reproach’. In the few cases where this is rendered, usually only Mary is presented as undergoing this test, but in Cappadocian art Joseph is also subjected to it.
Additionally, to this visual topic, another one that is rarely depicted will be introduced and commented upon: that known as ‘Christ’s first bath’. I will provide a particular example: the fresco which constitutes part of the decoration that embellishes the walls of Karabas Kilise/ ‘The Big Church’ in Soganli Valley, southern Cappadocia.
A few images – one of them never published before – have been included within this publication.
18 citations
TL;DR: Although largely invisible in the ministry statistics published by the Church of England, ministry-active retired clergy continue to make an effective contribution to liturgical and pastoral provis... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Although largely invisible in the ministry statistics published by the Church of England, ministry-active retired clergy continue to make an effective contribution to liturgical and pastoral provis...
13 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the ambivalent nexus of modernity and human rights in Africa from the onset of the modernization project to date and concludes that although modernity is credited with the birth of human rights, in Africa its primary actors, namely capital, the markets, and the state, are either ambivalent to and/or causal to widespread and deep human rights violations.
Abstract: Modernity is a stage in societies’ development that is the corollary of enlightenment. It has variously been conceived to be the ultimate moment in the unfolding of human history in the sense that norms and values, and practices and institutions are nearly or at their most perfect. However, the conceived prelude to or realization of utopia does not accord with reality in many specific modern societies, even those that are generally considered to be the forerunners of modernity. In Africa, the onset of modernity and its extension into the diverse realms of human beings’ lives has entailed norms and values, and practices and institutions that are the genesis of dystopia. This article examines the ambivalent nexus of modernity and human rights in Africa from the onset of the modernization project to date. Using critical theory, the article argues that although modernity is credited with the birth of human rights, in Africa its primary actors, namely capital, the markets, and the state, are either ambivalent to and/or causal to widespread and deep human rights violations. The human rights violations are systemically and systematically cast as incidental and spurious rather than the hallmarks of modernity. Judicial, political, and educational institutions act and reiterate their capacities to address the incidental/spurious human rights violations, despite abundant evidence that, as part of modernity, these institutions are ambivalent to human rights and, therefore, can only mask the reality and perpetuate human rights violations. This general stance is the consequence of the pervasive logic of capital. This article explains how this pervasive phenomenon in its various forms, such as state capitalism and global capitalism, coupled with neopatrimonialism, has impacted the institution and practice of human rights in Africa. The analysis concludes that though modernity is credited with the birth of human rights regimes, its historicity has been causal of significant violations of human rights. The violations unleashed by capital are exacerbated by political elites who, in their processes of policy-making and budgetary deliberation, and implementation, marginally conceive nation-extensive notions of common good. Consequently, violation of human rights is rampant.
6 citations
TL;DR: In the non-original state, Beulah is the state of perpetual creation beyond dialectic and dualism known in Eternity and the life on the earth, a sort of becoming as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Northrop Frye knows the cyclic version of creation myth in his reading of The Four Zoas according to which the human lives in heaven unified with God, unfallen state; he then falls and loses the harmony had with God, fallen state; and he should restore the previous unfallen state in Apocalypse or Last Judgment. Unlike Fry, while thinking of Maurice Blanchot I argue that Blake has created a new myth of creation different from the cyclic one by focusing on what Blake calls Beulah as the stage intermediate between spiritual and physical existence. In the non-original state, Beulah is the state of perpetual creation beyond dialectic and dualism known in Eternity and the life on the earth, a sort of becoming. For Blake, this proves that entities are not created to be manifested in the state of independent selfhood, but they are in relation with the others. This makes both selfhood and indefiniteness simultaneously possible to exist. It is Beulah itself which is all and the only space of existence opening itself from within itself. All entities including God are in interrelationship while being in the process of interruption (acquiring selfhood) within continuation (interrelationship) simultaneously. This demonstrates Blake's new myth of creation avoiding the primal crisis of the cyclic myth of creation. He has also introduced a new idea of relationship.
3 citations
TL;DR: Meno's Paradoxa as discussed by the authors suggests that the contrasted conversation is constructed by between metaphysical matters and facts of the knowledge, belief, or real opinion and other inevitable, formative elements during the acquisition of sensual perception.
Abstract: Plato's epistemology precisely seems that a prospective analysis of human knowledge and virtue. The dialectic of Meno often has made up several attempts to arrive at rather intellectual and ambiguous complexes. It worked on the following critical issues over the dialogue. Mainly, the methodology of recollection and forms, immortality of the soul, concepts of real and reason have crucially discussed there. In particular, the above theoretical approaches have fundamentally based on virtue and knowledge. Otherwise, a few technical terminologies have been utilized continuously in the Meno like, 'episteme,' 'doxa.' The Meno's Paradoxa could stimulate subjective morphemes tremendously. Meno's epistemology's succinct scope is that the contrasted conversation is constructed by between metaphysical matters and facts of the knowledge, belief, or real opinion and other inevitable, formative elements during the acquisition of sensual perception.
3 citations
TL;DR: In a quest for greater coherence between parochial identities, culture and Christianity, there exists an African consciousness which seeks to indigenise and decolonise Christianity as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In a quest for greater coherence between parochial identities, culture and Christianity, there exists an African consciousness which seeks to indigenise and decolonise Christianity. Africans are profoundly religious people who view their faith as part of their way of life, as strengthening their cultures and providing a moral compass for daily living. In efforts to transform society, the Christian religion has played a significant role in the path to African development. Christianity in Africa dates to the very inception of the church. Africans consequently played a crucial role in establishing the doctrines and theology of the early church. While African Traditional religion (ATR) is paramount, it is the purpose of this article to suggest that the Christian faith has and continuous to play a significant role on the African continent in its development. While there are many indigenous African beliefs, these have been to a large extent supported by Christianity in a quest to systematize novel knowledge and promote peace and tolerance across the continent. Many Africans have sought facets of Christianity that are similar to their religious and personal practices and continue to do so. Thus, while there exist numerous similarities and also differences between Christianity and ATR, it is imperative to preserve old-style regional distinctiveness and Christianity as the unifying rudiments in nation building endeavours and in efforts to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ. Africans can and should come to comprehend the Triune Godhead as being consistent with their own spiritual consciousness and existential veracities. Indigenization of Christianity requires enculturation and essentially an understanding that it is indeed ecumenical and also embraces diversity and fundamentally requires viewing Holy Scriptures and the truths they propound as being applicable to any context and cultural milieu across the ages. Christians after all espouse a faith in the Ekklesia or body of Christ for all its people who are the Laos of God.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the conceptual of halal tourism which is based on Islamic Shariah, and analyzed the effectiveness of tourism based on halal, and the implications of the research are found relatively new development of Halal tourism conceptually and implications in promoting halal tourist, serving Muslims community to get satisfactions in tourism without deny their belief, halal Tourism is a health tourism that provide only foods, beverages and healthy advertisement and also green tourism that secure environment practically.
Abstract: The article described at first conceptual of halal tourism which is based on Islamic Shariah. Second, analyses of halal tourism effectiveness practically. Third, research of Indonesia as biggest Muslim populations in the world provide and serve halal tourism. To research this thing authors used a descriptive analytical research method coupled with literacy techniques. As a summary that halal tourism is growing fast in Indonesia with some special advantages and efforts actually. Evidently, Indonesia has been selected as the best halal tourism in the world by 2019 and the trend of increasing visitors especially from middle east whom mostly Muslim’s travelers to the country. The implications of the research are found relatively new development of halal tourism conceptually and the implications in promoting halal tourism, serving Muslims community to get satisfactions in tourism without deny their belief, halal tourism is a health tourism that provide only foods, beverages and healthy advertisement and also green tourism that secure environment practically. Practical implications there are first, promote halal tourism. Second, serve Muslims community to get satisfactions in tourism without deny their belief and Islamic tennets. Third, halal tourism is a health tourism that provide only foods, beverages and healthy advertisement and green tourism that secure environment. The article is original as a result of a research in international issue that concern of halal tourism which service tourists specially for Muslims, and also offers new platform in tourism business.
1 citations
TL;DR: Opinions about the authenticity/inuthenticity of the disputed canonical letters of Paul are framed within some of the basic ethical codes associated with the upper echelons of the London art trade.
Abstract: Opinions about the authenticity/inauthenticity of the disputed canonical letters of Paul are framed within some of the basic ethical codes associated with the upper echelons of the London art trade...
1 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the differing world views that influence our understanding of the scope of scientific knowledge is discussed, and the result is a competent, but expensive, book that dissects particular arguments, but tends to ignore the effect that differing world view has on scientific knowledge.
Abstract: existing beyond the scope of our science. That drives many of the debunking arguments. Yet while this book is excellent at criticizing the detail of those arguments and showing why they may not work, it largely ignores their basic philosophical motivation. The result is a competent, but expensive, book that dissects particular arguments, but tends to ignore the effect of the differing world views that influence our understanding of the scope of scientific knowledge.
1 citations
TL;DR: The parable of the Kingdom of Heaven and the kingdom of God is widely stated in our Gospel of Matthew as mentioned in this paper, but often in a self-effacing way, receding behind Jesus, Emmanuel, God with us.
Abstract: The God of biblical revelation is present everywhere in the Gospel according to Matthew, but often in a self-effacing way, receding behind Jesus, Emmanuel, God-with-us. God's presence is veiled by divine passives, hidden behind the reverent circumlocution “heavens.” The parable of the Kingdom of Heaven and the Kingdom of God is widely stated in our Gospel of Matthew. Many scholars claim that the Gospel of Matthew reveals more about Jesus as a powerful King.
TL;DR: According to historical records, education in the Jewish tradition is very strict and memorization is a must for Jewish education context both at home, public school and synagogue as discussed by the authors. And after this post-modern era arrives, all knowledge is available at hand via smart-phone at any time.
Abstract: The history of civilization has its own uniqueness. There is an era in which all forms of knowledge must be memorized. However, after the advent of the printing press, many books circulated that could be a source of knowledge. And after this post-modern era arrives, all knowledge is available at hand via smart-phone at any time.According to historical records, education in the Jewish tradition is very strict. From an early age, a human child has been accustomed to remember what has been learned as part of life. There are four records in history to understand the practice of learning in understanding God's Law carefully and memorizing it. These sources from different eras testify simultaneously that memorization is a must for Jewish education context both at home, public school and synagogue. The sectarian, in Qumran, maintained their own strict interpretation of the Law. Family was still the chief institution and primary context for the dispensation of elementary instruction; although the scribes, Pharisees and learned rabbis played a major role in Jewish education during the NT era. Talmud is more specific about the age of studying and the sign of mastering. Origen also was trained since his childhood by his father, Leonides, to memorize Scripture daily and recite them every day.
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the passage of the Prodigal Son in the context of the Lukan perspective and the reader then, is referred to Luke 15: 11-31, giving us an image of a loving and forgiving God whose mercy endures forever.
Abstract: In this article, I reviewed the passage of the Prodigal Son in the context of the Lukan perspective and the reader then, is referred to Luke 15: 11-31. This parable gives us an image of a loving and forgiving God whose mercy endures forever. This is the greatest love story which presents the depths of God’s love. Several biblical scholars disclose that this parable guides us to new hope by allowing God to love, forgive us and accept his saving love.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the indoor temperature and thermal sensation inside the Anadolchioi Mosque, built in Constanta, in 1870, for the Muslim minority living in the city.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the indoor temperature and thermal sensation inside the naturally ventilated small-medium size, historical Anadolchioi Mosque, built in Constanta, in 1870, for the Muslim minority living in Constanta. Are considered Friday prayers (Dhuhr). The methodology used for this assessment is related to the outdoor and indoor temperatures measurements, each Friday, in July, between 10 AM and 4 PM, due to the fact that in Constanta, Friday prayers (in July) starts between 1.20 PM and 1.23 PM (depending on the sun position). The measurements will indicate that, although indoor temperature is slightly higher than the outdoor one, the average indoor temperature, for the considered period, is in the recommended thermal comfort temperature range, according to ASHRAE 2010. Also, the measured indoor air temperatures and predicted temperature for comfortable indoors- given by Humphreys formula, have been compared, in order to have an idea if the building is able to provide pleasant indoor temperatures. On the other hand, the methodology is focusing on ASHRAE seven point scale, when assessing the thermal sensation. In this respect, a survey regarding the thermal sensation of the occupants indicated that a low percent (5.55%) felt uncomfortable during the religious services. The majority of occupants (77.77%) felt comfortable and do not need a cooler environment. The results are in concordance with the participants’ age profiles: older persons preferring higher indoor temperatures.
TL;DR: In the first half of the 20th century, the dominant view in philosophy of science maintained that the phenomenon of scientific discovery is philosophically irrelevant, and an adequate philosophical understanding of science should confine itself to the way in which scientific theories are justified; it was assumed that the process of justification is a neat, spick-and-span phenomenon eminently suited to be described in terms which are, logically speaking, cut and dry as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Historically, the problem of discovery or the problem of the genesis of scientific ideas has been taken seriously by the historians, psychologists, sociologists and philosophers who analyzed the creative thinking and formation of ideas and attempted to provide a meaningful account of them. In fact, the philosophical concern with scientific discovery is as old as science and philosophy of science themselves. However, almost throughout the first half of 20th century, philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of scientific discovery remained in a state of suspended animation. This is because the dominant trend in philosophy of science in this period outlawed it. The dominant view in philosophy of science maintained that the phenomenon of scientific discovery is philosophically irrelevant, and an adequate philosophical understanding of science should confine itself to the way in which scientific theories are justified; it was assumed that the process of justification is a neat, spick-and-span phenomenon eminently suited to be described in terms which are, logically speaking, cut and dry. The process of justification or evaluation according to this orthodox view constitutes the essence of science. Obviously, justification was demarcated from discovery. Justification, because of its supposed epistemic transparency, became the exclusive focus of philosophical attention to the detriment of discovery. The invidious distinction between discovery of scientific ideas and justification of finished ideas of science remained the catchword for a long time. This paper is an attempt to critically examine the nihilistic attitude of the dominant philosophies of science and to arrive at a philosophical theory of scientific discovery.
TL;DR: This paper used typological methodology to explore the connection between the Magnificat of Mary and the song of Hannah in the New Testament and found that their fundamental similarities suggest that Hannah's song served as a harbinger of the magnificat, and that their shared blessing, divinely ordained motherhood, and their shared inspiration, the Holy Spirit, explain the parallels of their prayerful verses and prophetic utterances.
Abstract: Although women’s words account for a small portion of biblical scripture, the Bible records two related prayerful songs that were sung by female prophets: the song of Hannah, in the Old Testament, and the Magnificat of Mary, in the New Testament. This essay uses typological methodology to explore the songs’ connections, including their shared literary precedents and nearly identical theological themes. Their fundamental similarities suggest Hannah’s song served as a harbinger of the Magnificat. Hannah and Mary’s shared blessing, divinely ordained motherhood, and their shared inspiration, the Holy Spirit, explain the parallels of their prayerful verses and prophetic utterances, which were of great relevance for both covenants of the Judeo-Christian faith.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the Qur'an and its meaning in Islam is presented, which highlights the importance of Islam as a universal religion and the need for mutual care, mutual respect, and mutual cooperation.
Abstract: According to Abrahamic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam, human beings exist on the earth for a common purpose,and they have patrilineally and matrilineally descended from a single couple, namely Adam and Hawa (Eve).The Qur’an unambiguously mentions:“O mankind! reverence your Guardian-Lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, His mate, and from them twain scattered (like seeds) countless men and women; reverence Allah, through whom ye demand your mutual(rights), and (reverence) the wombs (That bore you): for Allah ever watches over you.”1Thus, it is incumbent upon human beings to live together in peace rather than constant hostility to fulfil the purpose of their existence on the earth. This paper endeavours to contribute to the understanding of the concept of ‘peaceful coexistence’from the Islamic perspective. It specifically answers the following research questions: What is peaceful coexistence? What is necessary for peaceful coexistence? What are the fundamental principles that we must adhere to in order to coexist peacefully? The paper is structured into eightsections, beginning with introduction on the concept of ‘peace’in Islam. The secondsection focuses on the main objectives of Islam. The third section is on the meaning of peaceful coexistence. The fourthand fifthsections are on the need for peaceful coexistence, and the necessary requirements and tools for peaceful coexistence respectively. The sixthsection is on categorization of peaceful coexistence into: peaceful coexistence in marriage, peaceful coexistence of mankind, peaceful coexistence of the members of the Muslim ummah and peaceful coexistence of mankind and the environment. The seventh section is a summary of the Islamic principles of peaceful coexistence. The final section sums up the main conclusions drawn from this study. The translation of the ayat(verses) of the Qur’an related to this study is extracted from the work of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’an: Text and Translation unless stated otherwise. At the end of this paper,it is hoped that the readers will: first, appreciate the message of Islam as a universal religion and the need for mutual care, mutual respect,and mutual cooperation; and second, explore the methodology of the Qur’an and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in managing human diversity. It is also hoped thatthis study will lead to a better understanding of peaceful coexistence as an integral part of Islam and one of the characteristics of the Muslim ummah. The findings of this study highlight the role of Islam in promoting peace and security. The study reveals that peaceful coexistence is a key factor in the success of human beings and it requires nurturing love, respect, care, and salam (a greeting of peace) in one’s relationship with others.
TL;DR: In this article, the teaching view of John Calvin about double predestination is discussed, and the explanation of these verses can be the basis for understanding the teaching of John Calvary about Double Predestination.
Abstract: This article discusses the teaching view of John Calvin about Double Predestination. Any Bible verses that are the basis of explaining this teaching. The explanation of these verses can be the basis for understanding the teaching of John Calvin about Double Predestination. There are three topic discussions in this article, First Double Predestination View by John Calvin, second in His Commentaries, and third institution book. May this article provide new insight and enlightenment for every reader.
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of complete philosophical works on ontology to include ideas on mood and emotions, noting the lack of this inclusion in many texts, is emphasized. But, the authors also note the critical difference between Heidegger's approach to these topics and the approach taken by psychologists and those in similar fields.
Abstract: The paper begins by emphasizing the importance of so-called complete philosophical works on ontology to include ideas on mood and emotions, noting the lack of this inclusion in many texts Next, it uses and dives into Heidegger’s Being & Time, as an example of an ontological work that aptly includes explanations of mood & emotions, or “attunement” in Heideggerian terms It is also noted the critical difference between Heidegger’s approach to these topics and the approach taken by psychologists and those in similar fields Finally, the paper concludes by arguing for the importance of Being & Time, Heidegger, and ontological work on mood
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the different outpourings of Job's anguished heart and see them as the epitome of the anguish of a whole group that passes through unjust suffering.
Abstract: This essay addresses the anguish of Job which he pours out in Job 10. Job’s anguish is heightened by the fact that he does not know why he is suffering. He directs his protest to God whom he believes knows everything and judges the deepest intentions of human heart. How can God who is the sole author of life and judges rightly be responsible for this unjustifiable torment of the life a righteous man? This study examines the different outpourings of Job’s anguished heart and sees them as the epitome of the anguish of a whole group that passes through unjust suffering. The approach adopted in the study is exegetical but with practical pastoral concerns.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used descriptive qualitative methods to conclude that the holistic ministry for youth and youth carried out by church leaders is able to build today's generation that continues to have an impact on the world and is also expected to bring Christian education that has one clear and definite goal/direction, namely knowing, loving, believe in, obey and serve God according to His will and plan and for His glory.
Abstract: Holistic service for youth and youth is the basic thing today because youth and youth are the present generation for the future of the church. By using descriptive qualitative methods, it can be concluded that the holistic ministry for youth and youth carried out by church leaders is able to build today's generation that continues to have an impact on the world and is also expected to bring Christian education that has one clear and definite goal/direction, namely knowing, loving , believe in, obey and serve God according to His will and plan and for His glory.
TL;DR: In this article, a fraction of a Purush known as Omega Point appears into the portion of Prakriti due to some causal effect for further expansion of the visible world.
Abstract: The Cosmos we live in consists of Invisible Prakriti and Visible World. In Visible World, we do live. All the galaxies, Milky Ways, nebulas and planets, stars, and physical bodies belong to this world are governed by the physical and mathematical laws of nature. Prakriti which is invisible spiritually governed and wave-formed existed even before the Big-Bang. Purush holds the Visible World and Prakriti around makes entire Cosmos in existence. Purush which is an absolutely positively charged and quality less with no traces of negative portions always existed, neither being created nor destroyed. A fraction of a Purush known as Omega Point appears into the portion of Prakriti due to some causal effect for further expansion of the Visible World. Purush is situated in the middle of the cylindrical universe surrounded by the Prakriti and Visible World. Theories proposed by different scientists and philosophers to verify the Purush seem to be incomplete trial and error of the zigzag puzzle show. Today, our scientists, cosmologists, and mathematicians are trying to explain the function of the universe through only four physical dimensions of science, which seems to be incomplete without explaining the transcendental factors while dealing with the living bodies.