Journal•
Treatise on Geochemistry
About: Treatise on Geochemistry is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Continental crust & Oceanic crust. Over the lifetime, 208 publications have been published receiving 26307 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the present-day composition of the continental crust, the methods employed to derive these estimates, and the implications of continental crust composition for the formation of the continents, Earth differentiation, and its geochemical inventories are discussed.
Abstract: This chapter reviews the present-day composition of the continental crust, the methods employed to derive these estimates, and the implications of the continental crust composition for the formation of the continents, Earth differentiation, and its geochemical inventories. We review the composition of the upper, middle, and lower continental crust. We then examine the bulk crust composition and the implications of this composition for crust generation and modification processes. Finally, we compare the Earth's crust with those of the other terrestrial planets in our solar system and speculate about what unique processes on Earth have given rise to this unusual crustal distribution.
7,831 citations
2,635 citations
TL;DR: The composition of the primitive mantle derived by as mentioned in this paper shows that Earth was assembled from material that shows many of the same chemical fractionation processes as chondritic meteorites. But the stable isotope record excludes chondrite meteorites as the ‘building blocks’ of Earth.
Abstract: The composition of the primitive mantle derived here shows that Earth was assembled from material that shows many of the same chemical fractionation processes as chondritic meteorites. These processes occurred at the initial stage of the solar system formation, under conditions thought to be present in the solar nebula. But the stable isotope record excludes chondritic meteorites as the ‘building blocks’ of Earth. Meteorites formed in local environments separated from that part of the inner solar system where much of the material forming the terrestrial planets was sourced.
1,196 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive picture of the composition of volcanic rocks from subduction-related magmatic arcs, and provide evidence in favor of the existence of andesitic, as well as basaltic primary magmas in arcs.
Abstract: This chapter has four main aims. Provide a comprehensive picture of the composition of volcanic rocks from subduction-related magmatic arcs. Review evidence in favor of the existence of andesitic, as well as basaltic primary magmas in arcs. Present new data on the composition of arc lower crust, based mainly on our work on the Talkeetna arc section in southcentral Alaska. Summarize evidence from arc lower crustal sections that a substantial proportion of the dense, lower crustal pyroxenites and garnet granulites produced by crystal fractionation are missing.
966 citations
TL;DR: Hofmann et al. as discussed by the authors reviewed the recent advances in the field of mantle geology, geophysics, and geochemistry using seismic mantle tomography, and concluded that the established views of the mantle being engaged in simple two-or single-layer convection are becoming obsolete.
Abstract: This chapter is in part an update of a previous, more abbreviated review ( Hofmann, 1997 ) It covers the subject in greater depth, and it reflects some significant changes in the author's views since the writing of the earlier paper In particular, the spatial range of equilibrium attained during partial melting may be much smaller than previously thought, because of new experimental diffusion data and new results from natural settings Also, the question of ‘layered’ versus ‘whole-mantle’ convection, including the depth of subduction and of the origin of plumes, has to be reassessed in light of the recent breakthroughs achieved by seismic mantle tomography As the spatial resolution of seismic tomography and the pressure range, accuracy, and precision of experimental data on melting relations, phase transformations, and kinetics continue to improve, the interaction between these disciplines and geochemistry sensu stricto will continue to improve our understanding of what is actually going on in the mantle The established views of the mantle being engaged in simple two- or single-layer convection are becoming obsolete In many ways, we are just at the beginning of this new phase of mantle geology, geophysics, and geochemistry
701 citations