Showing papers in "World Development in 1979"

TL;DR: A review of the approaches and concepts associated with the measurement of development efforts in developing countries can be found in this paper, where the authors conclude that the use of social and human indicators is the most promising supplement of GNP, particularly if work on social indicators is done in areas central to the basic needs approach.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a set of guiding principles for maximizing the effectiveness of food aid, including the need for food relative to other development needs, its level of substitutability with commercial imports, its incorporation in a poverty-oriented development plan, its guaranteed availability and its complementarity with financial aid.

TL;DR: The tradeoff between growth and basic needs was examined by undertaking econometric estimates of the variables explaining LDCs' growth during the 1960 to 1973 period as discussed by the authors, finding that countries making substantial progress in meeting basic needs do not have substantially lower GNP growth rates and that attainment of a higher level of basic needs satisfaction appears to lead to higher growth rates in the future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of trade on Nigeria's economic growth was analyzed using a two-gap model, which estimates the relationship between exports, foreign capital and economic growth, and provides an assessment of the relative influence of Nigeria's two main types of export (agricultural produce and petroleum) on economic growth.

TL;DR: In this article, five alternative views of the rural crisis in Asia are examined and it is concluded that in many areas the standard of living of some groups has declined absolutely and the relationship between the rate of increase of agricultural output and changes in the incidence of rural poverty is then considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the usefulness of the PQLI as a social indicator and provide the appropriate Spearman's rank correlation between the physical quality of life (PQLI) and Gross National Product per capita (GNP/C).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that to meet the basic needs of the poor in the Third World on a sustainable basis, it is necessary to transform its productive structures, and that modern industry including an appropriate capital goods industry must play a central role.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the South Korean development experience from the perspective of the rural sector and made an effort to describe the primary characteristics of South Koreas agricultural system to evaluate its performance in terms of growth distribution and accumulation and to analyze the factors which explain the performance.

TL;DR: A review of Brazilian policies prior to 1973 is presented, followed by an appraisal of measures taken after the oil crisis as mentioned in this paper, where expansionary measures were adopted, along with monetary and fiscal policies that influenced the trade balance indirectly.

TL;DR: In this paper, a normative theory is proposed in which production and distribution would be encompassed within the context of face-to-face political decision-making in appropriately sized "agropolitan" districts.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the main problems which arise for developing host countries in the investigation of transfer pricing of commodity trade by transnational corporations in manufacturing industry and conclude with the suggestion that intercountry cooperation is the most promising course of action in order to surmount these problems.

TL;DR: The contribution of the Comilla Cooperative system in solving the problems of underdevelopment and poverty in rural Bangladesh has been examined in this paper, where an evaluation of the performance of that program is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of manufacturing firms in Nigeria produced a set of useful clues to why firms in poor countries so often choose inappropriate production technologies and why they were responding to more complicated goals than simple profit maximazation for the firm; defense of ethnic identity or the goal of increasing their own incomes by stealing from the firm.

TL;DR: In this article, a re-analysis of land reforms in densely populated regions of rural Asia is proposed to correct an over-emphasis on the single factor of land in earlier appraisals, which may have been over land-centric.

TL;DR: Corruption is studied as a form of decision-taking under uncertainty and separate reaction functions are derived for the briber and bribee that shed light on the determination of the bribe.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that by leaving acquisitions (that is, the "market for firms" unregulated, Brazil has inadvertantly surrendered some of its bargaining power to TNCs and argue that Brazil could substantially raise its gains from TNC investments by instituting a merger review and prohibiting non-socially beneficial takeovers.

TL;DR: In the early 1970s, the majority of the pharmaceutical sub-markets showed a medium degree of business concentration and the leading firms included 6 local enterprises among the 15 leaders of the country as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized four case studies in which oppressed people have successfully assumed control over their own destinies and development strategies and drew lessons from experience at the national and macroeconomic level.

TL;DR: This paper reviewed the relationship between education and the achievement of development goals in the world's poorer countries and found that most education strategies have failed to promote development, and examined some examples which suggest more effective approaches to education.

TL;DR: The authors evaluate evidence relating to the belief, long held by tropical health workers, that schistosomiasis control would contribute significantly to economic development, but this may be attributable to sampling bias resulting in the exclusion of workers with severe disease.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the recent experience of developing countries with rapid growth but growing unemployment and income inequality squares more satisfactorily with an alternative disequilibrium interpretation of the development process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the private benefits of foreign trademark owners as net social costs to the recipient country, where the advertising expenditures are borne by the consumers of the developing countries, the accrual in goodwill is for the benefit of non-resident owners of this intangible asset.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that identification of quality and source be separated wherever possible to maximize benefits and minimize costs, and that the identification of source and quality should be separated whenever possible.

TL;DR: A discussion of the impact of capital flows on development, with a particular emphasis on trends in developing country indebtedness, is given in this paper, and a brief examination of borrowing and debt management issues for borrowers, lenders and the international community concludes the paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a case history of 11 UNDP technical cooperation ventures is presented and a methodology for quantifying costs and benefits is applied to the sample and the authors conclude that there are valuable lessons to be learned from this type of research.

TL;DR: In the post-war period international debt became associated primarily with private lending, and institutions arose for the purpose of short-term relief for commercial debts as mentioned in this paper, and the Paris Club was a creditors' consortium that provided minimum relief required in order to prevent default.

TL;DR: The basic needs strategy as mentioned in this paper is not a development strategy at all, and most versions neglect the most basic of all development needs -the need for structural transformation as well as a quantum jump in modern industry and modern technology.

TL;DR: For 40 yr, from 1928 to 1968, Antonio Salazar's doctrines were to shape the Portuguese destiny as discussed by the authors, and the political economy was cast into a quasi-traditional mold combing two salient features - extensive state control and predominantly private ownership of the means of production.

TL;DR: The World Bank has become the leading international institution for development financing and for elaborating new development strategies as discussed by the authors, which has involved a major shift in lending toward agriculture and rural development.