World Journal of Dentistry 

About: World Journal of Dentistry is an academic journal published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Internal medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 0976-6006. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 1038 publications have been published receiving 2623 citations.

Determination of Correlation of Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth using Extraoral and Intraoral Factors in Indian Population: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Introduction: Various anthropometric measurements have been used to determine the size of maxillary anterior teeth. However, which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable indicator to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth remains unclear. Aims and objectives: To evaluate which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable indicator in determining the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted for scholarly articles discussing various anthropometric measurements used for determination of width of maxillary anterior teeth, written in English or translated into English listed with PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google scholar databases. The search strategy yielded 119 articles. Out of them, 70 were excluded following reading of abstract, and 49 were selected for full-text reading. Of these, 21 were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Finally, 28 articles were included for final search. Due to heterogenicity of studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. Results: High degree of correlation was seen between interalar width (IAD), interpupillary distance (IPD), bizygomatic width (BW), and width of maxillary anterior teeth, in Indian population, whereas in Saudi population, intercanthal distance (ICD) has high degree of correlation to the width of maxillary anterior teeth, and in Brazilian (mulatto and blacks) population, high degree of correlation was seen between intercommissural width (ICOW) and width of maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion: The anthropometric measurement used depends on the population group in which it is being used. There is no single anthropometric measurement that can be used to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Hence, more studies with large sample size and different population groups need to be conducted. Clinical significance: In Indian population, high degree of correlation was seen between IAD, IPD, BW, and width of maxillary anterior teeth. The results of the previous study should be validated by including a large population size spread over entire Indian subcontinent. This would also help to generate multiplication factor for various anthropological measurements for use limited to the Indian population. Review ARticle 1-4Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Corresponding Author: Ashish R Jain, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +919884233423 e-mail:dr.ashishjain_r@yahoo.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1509

Effect of Coated Surfaces influencing Screw Loosening in Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract: Introduction: The abutment screw loosening has been a common clinical mishap affecting the success of the implant in the long run. With repeated insertion and removal of the implant abutment screw during fabrication of the restoration, frictional wear at the microscopic level in the screw threads had been reported. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of screw coating in minimizing abutment screw loosening in dental implants in literature. Results: A database search yielded a total of 14 articles out of which 8 were excluded based on the title and abstracts not relevant to the topic of our interest and 6 were included based on the core data. The six articles were reviewed, and four articles were consolidated to perform the meta-analysis. All the four studies showed a similar expression of outcome measure; the detorque values were expressed in Ncm. The χ2 = 144.71, df = 3, p < 0.00001, and I2 = 98%. Hence, a Random Effect model with 95% confidence interval was chosen for meta-analysis. The overall effect observed in the metaanalysis was Z = 0.36, p = 0.72, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the coated and noncoated screws with respect to detorque values. Conclusion: This meta-analysis inferred that there is no difference between the coated and noncoated screws with respect to screw loosening. Clinical significance: Noncoated screws are equally effective as coated screws with respect to abutment loosening in endosseous implants. Hence, the additional cost and technique sensitivity incurred with powdered screws may not drastically improve the rate of failure due to screw loosening.

Bioactive Glass: A Material for the Future

Abstract: Bioactive glasses are novel dental materials that are different from conventional glasses and are used in dentistry. Bioactive glasses are composed of calcium and phosphate which are present in a proportion that is similar to the bone hydroxyapatite. These glasses bond to the tissue and are biocompatible. They have a wide range of medical and dental applications and are currently used as bone grafts, scaffolds and coating material for dental implants. This article reviews various properties of bioactive glasses and their applications and also reviews the changes that can be made in their composition according to a desired application.

Gonial Angle as an Indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern

Abstract: Aim: To determine the gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle in patients with horizontal, vertical and average growth pattern belonging to the local Chennai popu lation and determine if it can be used as a growth indicator. Materials and methods: Gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle measurements were made on lateral cephalograms of 90 patients—44 males and 46 females. Results: A one sample t-test was used to determine the mean values for average, horizontal and vertical growth pattern and to check their level of significance. All the values were statistically significant with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The upper gonial angle was the same irrespective of growth pattern. The gonial angle and lower gonial angle can be used as an indicator for growth.

Prevalence of Type of Frenal Attachment and Morphology of Frenum in Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Abstract: Background: Labial frenum is a dynamic structure and is subject to variation in size, shape and position. The type of the maxillary labial frenal attachment and its morphology in children in Chennai has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the prevalence of the various types of maxillary frenal attachments and its morphology in children in Chennai. Materials and methods: A study involving 931 Children between 3 and 12 years of age attending schools in Chennai were clinically examined for maxillary labial frenal attachment location and morphology under direct visual method. Parents were provided with informed consent. Demographic details including age and sex were recorded. Results: Total number of children who were examined were 931. The most prevalent type of frenal attachment among all is gingival type followed by mucosal type of attachment. 49.5% were gingival type, 38.8% were mucosal type, 9.8% were papillary type and 1.9% were papillary penetrating type. The prevalence type had no gender difference but the age had significant association. The occurrence of papillary penetrating type decreases with age. The most prevalent morphological type is simple frenum 97% followed by simple frenum with nodule which is 2.6% and bifid labial frenum which is 0.4%. Conclusion: The prevalent type among Chennai children is gingival type. The papillary penetrating type of frenal attachment decreases with age. The dentists should correlate the age of the child and type of frenal attachment and morphological variations during their clinical examination to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.