Showing papers in "World Journal of Dentistry in 2015"

Gonial Angle as an Indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern

Abstract: Aim: To determine the gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle in patients with horizontal, vertical and average growth pattern belonging to the local Chennai popu lation and determine if it can be used as a growth indicator. Materials and methods: Gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle measurements were made on lateral cephalograms of 90 patients—44 males and 46 females. Results: A one sample t-test was used to determine the mean values for average, horizontal and vertical growth pattern and to check their level of significance. All the values were statistically significant with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The upper gonial angle was the same irrespective of growth pattern. The gonial angle and lower gonial angle can be used as an indicator for growth.

Prevalence of Type of Frenal Attachment and Morphology of Frenum in Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Abstract: Background: Labial frenum is a dynamic structure and is subject to variation in size, shape and position. The type of the maxillary labial frenal attachment and its morphology in children in Chennai has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the prevalence of the various types of maxillary frenal attachments and its morphology in children in Chennai. Materials and methods: A study involving 931 Children between 3 and 12 years of age attending schools in Chennai were clinically examined for maxillary labial frenal attachment location and morphology under direct visual method. Parents were provided with informed consent. Demographic details including age and sex were recorded. Results: Total number of children who were examined were 931. The most prevalent type of frenal attachment among all is gingival type followed by mucosal type of attachment. 49.5% were gingival type, 38.8% were mucosal type, 9.8% were papillary type and 1.9% were papillary penetrating type. The prevalence type had no gender difference but the age had significant association. The occurrence of papillary penetrating type decreases with age. The most prevalent morphological type is simple frenum 97% followed by simple frenum with nodule which is 2.6% and bifid labial frenum which is 0.4%. Conclusion: The prevalent type among Chennai children is gingival type. The papillary penetrating type of frenal attachment decreases with age. The dentists should correlate the age of the child and type of frenal attachment and morphological variations during their clinical examination to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth

Abstract: The endodontic triad consists of cleaning and shaping, disinfection and obturation. Success of root canal therapy in primary teeth is mainly achieved by thorough removal of debris and necrotic tissue. However, complete elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris require adjunctive use of root canal irrigants along with mechanical instrumentation. As we know from literature that none of the available irrigating solutions alone provides all the ideal requirements. Studies have shown that a combination of two or more irrigating solutions in a specific sequence will help to achieve optimal irrigation. This review article mainly highlights the mechanism of action, safety and biocompatibility of currently used irrigation solutions and also the other materials that can be used as a potent irrigants, their advantages and limitations in future of endodontics.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Dentists: A Pilot Survey with Assessment by Rapid Entire Body Assessment

Abstract: Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are increa­ singly becoming a nuisance for dental professionals. Nearly, 2 million workers across the world suffer from MSDs each year, with dentists facing an increased risk of developing these ailments. This study is an attempt to assess the risk of MSDs among dental professionals, and eventually to spread awareness regar­ ding the importance of good posture and proper ergonomics. Objectives: To determine the presence of MSDs among Indian dentists. Materials and methods: A research survey was conducted among dental professionals practicing in and around Maha­ rashtra state, India. The questionnaire for the study included a series of ques tions, when coupled with the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) scale, allows one to assess his/her posture during work and eventually determines the need to improve the same. Two hundred dentists completed the questionnaire given. Result: The study revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among dental professionals. Conclusion: A relation was observed between the severity of the pain experienced by the dentists and their REBA score indicating that dentists with a higher REBA score need to adapt their working postures and employ proper ergonomics.

Influence of Chemical Degradation and Toothbrushing on Surface of Composites

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical degradation media associated with brushing on surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) ana lyses of different composites. Materials and methods: Eighty specimens were prepared for each composite: GrandioSO (Voco), Amaris (Voco), Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE), Filtek LS (3M ESPE). The specimens were divided into four groups according to the immersion in che­mical­degradation­media­for­7­days:­artificial­saliva­(control),­ heptane, 0.02 M citric acid, 70% ethanol. The surface of speci­ mens was submitted to 10950 brushing cycles (200 gm load) in an automatic toothbrushing machine with abrasive slurry. Surface roughness and microhardness measurements were obtained at baseline, after immersion in chemical degradation media and after brushing. Data were submitted to three­way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results: The KHN means for composites were: Grandio (153.5 ± 35.9)a, Filtek Supreme (87.0 ± 24.9)b, Amaris (64.5 ± 24.5)c, LS (69.0 ± 15.3)c;­for­storage­media:­artificial­saliva­(97.3­±­46.7)a, ethanol (93.3 ± 49.9)a, citric acid (95.8 ± 42.1)a, heptane (87.6 ± 36.7)b; and after treatments: after chemical degradation (104.8 ± 49.7)a, baseline (93.8 ± 42.5)b, after brushing (81.9 ± 36.5)c. The Ra results for composites were: LS (0.15 ± 0.25)a, GrandioSO (0.19 ± 0.24)ab, Filtek Supreme (0.20 ± 0.22)ab, Amaris (0.23 ± 0.37)b;­for­storage­media:­artificial­saliva­(0.18­±­0.31)a, heptane (0.18 ± 0.25)a, ethanol (0.20 ± 0.26)a, citric acid (0.21 ± 0.28)a, and after treatments: brushing (0.11 ± 0.14)a, after chemical degrada­ tion (0.23 ± 0.32)b, baseline (0.24 ± 0.32)b. Conclusion: Brushing after chemical degradation reduced surface roughness values. In general, chemical degra dation did not affect composites roughness, but microhardness was signi­ficantly­reduced.­Heptane­produced­the­biggest­reduction­ in composites microhardness. Clinical relevance: The food­simulating solutions and brushing simulating alter the composites properties, and these altera­ tions are material­dependent.

Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and its Relation with Dental Caries in School Children of Udupi District, South India

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its relationship with dental caries in school children of Udupi district. Materials and methods: A total of 352 school children were recruited for this study. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003, criteria were followed for diagnosis of MIH. Dental caries was recorded using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (1997) under natural day light.Results: The prevalence of MIH was seen to be 27% (n = 95). A total of 323 teeth had hypomineralization (106 were incisors and 217 were molars). The lower molars (n = 127) were more frequently affected than the upper molars (n = 90). Overall the maxillary incisors (n = 68) were more affected than the mandibular incisors (n = 38). Amongst the children with MIH, the mean number of decayed teeth was significantly lower than mean number of hypomineralized teeth in first permanent molars and first permanent molars and incisors (p < 0.001 and < 0.001) respectively. The mean decayed teeth in first permanent molar and incisors were significantly higher in subjects with MIH than without MIH (p < 0.001). Poisson regression analysis showed a significant positive association between MIH and dental caries (B = 1.43; p < 0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH was relatively high and was associated with dental caries.

Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: Objective: To compare acrylic color and India ink for their use as a surgical margin. Since, acrylic paints are available in multiple colors, they can be used to mark different surgical margins with different specific colors. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 30 surgically excised and formalin fixed oral squamous cell car­ cinoma (OSCC) specimens. Four surgical margins of each 15 specimens were marked with India ink and the remaining were marked with acrylic colors. The grossed specimens were then processed using routine histopathology technique. The 4 mm sections of tissue block were cut using microtome and sec­ tions were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Various macroscopic and microscopic parameters were used to study the suitability of acrylic color as surgical ink. Results: Three different technicians found equal ease of appli­ cation for acrylic color and India ink. The drying time for acrylic color (1.30 ± 0.009 minutes) was significantly less than India ink (2.30 ± 0.05 minutes). Out of total 60 blocks made for acrylic colors, 52 (86.66%) displayed clear visibility on paraffin blocks (93.33%). In contrast, out of 60 blocks made for India ink, only 34 showed faint visibility on paraffin blocks (56.66%). All acrylic colors were visible very clearly and uninterruptedly under the microscope, while three (5%) surgical margins stained with India ink were interrupted. With the acrylic colors, no contamination or staining of other tissues, processing fluids and solutions were reported. However, with India ink, three (5%) samples reported contamination in alcohol and xylene. There was no interference with the microscopic interpretation of nuclear and cellular details for both acrylic color and India ink whatsoever. Conclusion: Acrylic colors are more suitable as surgical ink over India ink because of its availability in different colors, ease of application, faster drying time, and no contamination with Original research 1Professor, 2,3Associate Professor, 4,5Intern, 6Dental Practitioner 1,2,4,5Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India 3Department of Oral Pathology, MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 6EK 2 Emirates Building, Muhaisnah 4, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Corresponding Author: Sachin C Sarode, Professor, Depart­ ment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune­18, Maharashtra, India Phone: +919922491465, e-mail: drsachinsarode@gmail.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1308 pro cessing fluids, easy availability and excellent visibility on paraffin blocks and under microscope. Moreover, if needed, pain ting with multiple colors could also help in reassessment of surgical margins of the gross specimen in the future.

The Use of Magnets in Orthodontics

Abstract: Magnets have generated great interest within dentistry. They have been used for various applications in orthodontics and prosthodontics. Earlier use of magnets was limited due to the unavailability of small size magnets, but after the introduction of rare earth magnets and their availability in smaller sizes, their use has increased considerably. The force they deliver can be directed, and they can exert their force through mucosa and bone as well as within the mouth. In orthodontics, they are used for intrusion of teeth, tooth movement along archwires, expansion, retention, in functional appliances and in the treat ment of impacted teeth. There are various types of magnets used in the field of orthodontics with their advantages and disadvantages, along with their biological safety which has been discussed in this article. This article reviews various uses of magnets in the field of orthodontics.

Lip Reconstruction using Karapandzic Flap

Abstract: The peroral region which consists of the upper and lower lip plays a vital role functionally, esthetically as well as anatomically. The post-surgical defects of peroral structures, especially the mid line defects of the lower lip, present a considerable challenge for reconstruction. Currently, reconstruction of peroral structures are done by using local, distant and free flaps. In our case, we have reconstructed a large midline defect of more than two thirds of the lower lip by using a kara pandzic flap.

Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1900 to 1950—Part II

Abstract: This article continues an historical review, begun in the last issue, of landmark clinical investigations that advanced the profession’s understanding of the nature of condylar movement. The investigators’ unique recording devices, developed for registering and studying the movements of the condyles in human subjects, are described.

An in vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Abstract: Introduction: Development of bacterial resistance to the available antibiotics and increasing popularity of traditional medicine has led researchers to investigate the antibacterial compounds in plants. In this context, curcumin has been shown to have a range of beneficial properties, like antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which might be favorable for the treatment of inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. Aims and objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523). Materials and methods: The bacterial strains of A. actinomy­ cetemcomitans from the stock were revived and transferred to sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial broth dilution of curcumin. The last tube with clear supernatant was considered to be without any growth and taken as MIC value. Results: The mean MIC value of curcumin against A. actinomy­ cetemcomitans (ATCC 29523) was reported to be 0.2 μg/ml. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the pleiotropic acti vities of curcumin derived from its complex chemistry and its ability to influence and control the multiple signaling pathways, makes it a suitable and safer option for the treatment of periodontal diseases.

Crown Lengthening as Treatment for Altered Passive Eruption: Review and Case Report

Abstract: This case report relates a patient with altered passive eruption (APE) treated with surgical crown lengthening. There is a strong association between smile esthetics and periodontal tissues. ‘Gummy smile’ constitutes a relatively frequent esthetic disadvantage characterized by excessive display of the gums during upper lip smiling. One situation that can lead to gummy smile is APE. There are many important diagnostic factors connected with APE. These include making a correct diagnosis; considering facial and oral features before considering the most appropriate periodontal treatment. A 21-year-old female patient presented to the dental clinic expressing to be discontent with her smile, due to the display of gingiva when she smiles. Before choosing the adequate treatment, esthetics and periodontal factors were analyzed. In the present case report, surgical crown lengthening was the treatment chosen. Through a correct diagnosis and technique, it was possible to obtain harmony in the smile. Crown-lengthening surgery is an important choice of treatment, because it is a less invasive technique and it permits the establishment of an esthetical smile.

Assessment of Parent's Preference to General or Local Anesthesia for Children undergoing Dental Treatment

Abstract: Background: Investigators have begun to address the relationship of parental satisfaction with dental care for children since the dentist/physician and the patient are all aware of the services being provided. These determining characters are essential for compliance of the patient, as patient satisfaction is directly related to health-related issues, needs, and practice. Patient satisfaction has an important role in determining the utilization of the healthcare services and the compliance behavior of the patients. Factors which can influence the patients’ decision to seek care and follow through to the completion of the treatment process can affect the physiologic and functional outcomes of the treatment. Hence, this survey was done to evaluate parent’s preference to general or local anesthesia in their children’s dental treatments. Materials and methods: In this survey, a modified and adapted questionnaire from a previously tested survey that was used to assess parental satisfaction with dental treatments under general anesthesia in pediatric dentistry, was used to assess parents’ preference to general or local anesthesia. Parents whose children were going to undergo treatments in Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College, was issued with this questionnaire and clinical examination of teeth present and treatment to be done was examined. Results: ninety-seven percent of the parents preferred local anesthesia to general anesthesia. Parents preferred general anesthesia most only in case child below the age of 3 and when multiple settings are required of and their knowledge about anesthesia and its side effects was found to low and preferred local anesthesia in most cases. Conclusion: Parents play a unique role in dental care and over all well being of the child. Some parents and dental practitioners prefer the presence of a parent with their child during the delivery of in-office dental care. Parents are aware of their child’s previous dental experiences and are also aware of the child’s interest and fear. Most of the parent’s preference was to local anesthesia (97%) and preferred general anesthesia under given circumstances.

A New Alternative Technique for Denture Identification

Abstract: Forensic science deals with examining and gathering information related to an accident or a crime scene. The contribution of prosthodontics to forensic odontology is highly significant after the invention of denture labeling techniques. Personal identification is inevitable in case of accident, loss of memory, state of unconsciousness and in hospitals. Labeled dentures can remarkably help identify the dead after disasters and accidents. Since then various denture markers were described in literature. This case report highlights an alternative technique of denture identification wherein a quick response code (QR Code) is incorporated into the processed denture using a clear acrylic sheet instead of self cure acrylic resin.

Research Questionnaire on Perception of Seafarers about Oral Hygiene and Oral Dietary Habits

Abstract: Objectives: Dental problems are among the main concerns of seafarers and a relevant cause of medical consultations aboard international vessels. Seafarers may neglect their oral hygiene during long voyages and are known for their excessive intake of beverages or unhealthy food which contains copious amounts of fermentable carbohydrates and sugars, which are prime risk factors of dental caries. Majority of studies done on oral health status of seafarers are dated. This paper presents a questionnaire developed by Centro Internazionale Radio Medico (CIRM), the Italian Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS) to investigate the oral hygiene condition of sea farers and to assess their awareness and sensitivity on this pertinent health problem. Methodology: A questionnaire including 26 questions cover­ ing general information about the subject, including denture status, smoking, drinking and eating habits, general appea­ rance of gingiva, oral muscosa and lips was developed. The research questionnaire was created to assess the oral health situation of Seafarers on board various ships around the world. The questionnaire was forwarded to different ships using the platform of Centro Internationzionale Radio Medico in Rome. Twenty­six questions on various oral hygiene indicators were part of the questionnaire. Captains of the ship were requested to summarize the results on a summary sheet provided by CIRM. CIRM started out sending questionnaire at the end of June 6 and the project concluded in October. Results: In the 3 months of the survey, CIRM assisted 1,198 ships. All these ships were requested to take part in the research survey. CIRM received positive response from 65 vessels. The rate of return was 5.4%. Two thousand and sixty seamen filled the ques tion naire. No difficulty was reported by ship’s captains in summarizing the results of the survey. Conclusion: The findings of the research will be presented in an original research article after completion of data analysis. Original research 1PhD Scholar, 2Dental Practitioner, 3Administrative Assistant 4Professor 1Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, University of Camerino Camerino, Italy 2,3Research Department, International Radio Medical Centre Rome, Italy 4Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, University of Camerino, Camerino; Research Department, International Radio Medical Centre, Rome, Italy Corresponding Author: Francesco Amenta, Professor Medicine and Health Product Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Department of Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Italy, Phone: +39 0737 403311 403326, e­mail: famenta@hotmail.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1303 Captains of the ships who took part in the project were awarded certificates of appreciation for their effort. The results of the project will be useful in future policy initiatives regarding oral healthcare of seafarers.

Frequency of Needle Stick Injury among Dental Students and Dentists of Karachi

Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency of needle stick injury in dental practice and to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of the dental students and dentists regarding needle stick injuries prevention. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken at eight different institutes of Karachi from July 2014 to March 2015. Data were collected in 800-sample questionnaire forms that comprised of ten questions in English language. Questionnaire was designed to obtain information regarding frequency, awareness and prevention of needle stick injury. Data were entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Result: A total of 800 samples were returned with a 100% response rate. About 73% participants gave a history of needle stick injury during practice. Of these 42% were the house officers. It was reported that knowledge regarding vaccination against hepatitis B was prevalent among participants. Most of the participants agreed that they have received guidelines regarding prevention and protection from needle stick injury. Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that hepatitis B vaccination is necessary to prevent needle stick injury and proper instruments/guidelines should be given to all health related professionals in order to minimize the risk of bloodborne infections through needle stick injury.

Prevalence of Anterior Tooth Fracture due to Trauma

Abstract: Traumatic dental injury is a significant problem seen in young adults and the incidence of trauma might exceed that of dental caries and periodontal disease in the future. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anterior tooth fracture due to trauma in the SouthWest Coastal population of India. The study was conducted on 2000 patients attending the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore and rural satellite centers of NITTE university.The prevalence of anterior teeth fracture were studied in relation to age, gender, location, occupation, cause, type of fracture and its association with molar relation. Standard questionnaire from Oral Health Survey WHO format 2013 was used for the survey.The prevalence of anterior tooth fracture due to trauma was most commonly seen in males, common etiological factor being fall and class II Division I malocclusion cases were more common. INTRODUCTION: Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a significant problem seen in young adults and the incidence of trauma might exceed that of dental caries and periodontal disease in the future1. The most common TDI are the uncomplicated and complicated crown fracture of permanent teeth2. Most common dental injuries are those involving one tooth and majority of the affected teeth are the maxillary central incisors2.These may be attributed to their anterior position and even the proclination caused by the eruptive patterns3. One of the main cause of traumatic dental injuries are increased overjet with protrusion and inadequate lip coverage4. These dental injuries can cause irreparable damage in children as many of the permanent teeth will be in the formative stage during this period5. Traumatic dental injuries not only compromise dental health, but can also lead to aesthetic, psychological, social and therapeutic problems6. Traumatic dental injury (TDI) can occur during any age group, but prevail more frequently in teenagers. It may be due to various causes like falls, accidents or outcome of violence7. Dental professionals are quite aware about the risks of traumatic dental injuries but they are not able to disseminate the same to general public and prevent its occurance , also several epidemiologic studies have referred it as a serious dental health problem7.It has been reported that the majority of the dental injuries involve the anterior teeth8. Hence the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anterior tooth fracture due to trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY : After obtaining institutional ethics clearance, the study was conducted during the period of June-November 2015, on randomly selected 2000 patients from the out patient Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics and rural satellite centres of NITTE university. Sample Selection Criteria Urban group were the patients reporting to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute Of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore. Rural group were patients reporting to 5 rural centres in Bailoor, Firangipet, Hejimadi, Mundkoor and Nitte. Patients who were selected randomly, were segregated in six groups based on age between 15 years to 66 years. Exclusion Criteria 1) Patients with recent maxillofacial trauma. 2) Patients with limited mouth opening Inclusion Criteria 1. Patient above the age group of 15years 2. Patient who are not physically or mentally challenged. All the patients were informed about the nature of the survey, its objectives and were ensured complete confidentiality of their information. A written informed consent was taken. A standardized questionnaire was prepared according to WHO health assessment form 2013 which was filled by the examiner. Clinical Examination: Each patient was examined for anterior tooth fracture on the dental chair in a good illumination of light using sterilized mouth mirror, explorer, and tweezer. The Patients who had fractured anterior teeth due to trauma were questioned with a standard questionnaire format to find

Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology and Correlation with Gender on Lateral Cephalograms

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the variation of the soft palate morphology and the proportional differences of the morphology of soft palate between males and females.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in department of oral medicine and radiology. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals subjected to radiographic examination for orthodontic purpose were retrieved. A total of 100 digital lateral cephalograms of normal healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females) who were aged 15 to 45 years were retrieved.Results: Type 1 was most commonest shape of the soft palate (30%) followed by type 6 (19%), types 2 and 3 (17 and 17%), type 4 (11%) with least being type 5 (6%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of shape of soft palate between males and females (p = 0.312).Conclusion: This classification can help us better understand the diversity of the velar morphology and can be used as references for the research of velopharyngeal closure in cleft palate individuals, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and other conditions.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw associated with the Use of Bisphosphonates

Abstract: The bisphosphonates (BPs) are drugs used to treat metabolic bone diseases involving intense bone resorption. These com pounds are capable of altering the bone remodeling by decreasing osteoclast activity. However, the changes that these drugs cause to the bones of patients without a history of cervico-facial radiotherapy can result in a complication called osteonecrosis of the jaw, which is caused by dental surgery, trauma or infections. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is characterized by an exposed necrotic bone in the maxillofacial region, persisting for prolonged periods without complete healing. Based on clinical experience and literature review, the aim of the present study was to describe a clinical case of a patient with osteoporosis taking alendronate (Fosamax®) to control the progression of the disease with a characteristic clinical condition of osteonecrosis of the jaw. We evaluated the etiological factors, the relationship between BPs and osteonecrosis of the jaw, the mechanisms of action and possible treatments.

Force Degradation of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chain due to Commonly Consumed Liquids: An in vitro Study

Abstract: Introduction: Forces delivered by elastomeric chains are not constant and degrade overtime. The degree of degra dation could result in forces that fall below the threshold value, preclu­ ding any therapeutic effect. Correct evaluation of degradation of force of these materials under various environ mental conditions is the need of hour. Objective: To analyze and compare the effects of commonly consumed liquids, such as Cola, tea and mouthwash, on the force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains was conducted. Materials and methods: An in vitro study was done to assess factors which affect the decay properties of the three elasto­ meric modules (Ormco Power Chain, 3M Unitek Alastik Chain and American Orthodontics) in the following food stimulants: black tea, milk, aerated drink, mouthwash and artificial saliva. Two different module lengths (long and short) of each product were used for the initial load­comparison study and force decay was evaluated over 21 days at constant extension and at decreasing extension. Means of percentage change in tensile strength were calculated and analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s correction for multiple group comparisons. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The evaluated force degradation in percentage in tensile strength on 21 days post­treatment in tea was signi­ ficantly higher in product A compared to products B and C with product type short. The evaluated force degradation in percen­ tage in tensile strength on 21 days post­treatment in Cola was significantly higher in products A and C as compared to product B with product type short. The force degradation of product B was significantly less compared to the products A and C initially. However, it degrades at the end of the 21 days and is equivalent with other products. Conclusion: Irrespective of the solvents used, the force degra­ dation varies for different products. Original research 1Consultant, 2Professor and Head, 3Assistant Professor 1Department of Orthodontics, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 2Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, MA Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre Pune, Maharashtra, India 3Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Corresponding Author: Rameez Asif Nachan, 644, Resham Apartments, A Wing, 1st Floor, VP Naka, 4th Nizampura Bhiwandi-421302, Maharashtra, India, e-mail: rameez_19@ hotmail.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1309

Evaluation of Prevalence of Bacteria Helicobacter pylori in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: Cancer is a complex disease that is variable in its presentation, development and outcome. The same heterogeneity and variability exist at the cellular and molecular level. Cancer is a multistep process during which cells undergo intense metabolic and behavioral changes, leading them to prolife rate in an extreme and early way to escape supervision by the immune system and ultimately invades distant tissues to form metastases. Globally, almost 20% of cancers are related to infectious agents. Several viruses with oncogenic poten tial stimulate cell proliferation leading to cancer in animals and humans. Viruses, in particular, have been found to play a major role in the process of cancer involving several organs. Bacterial species related with cancer etiology are varied; however, the infections they cause have common characteristics. The asso ciation between Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma is well established but the association between H. pylori and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not evident. Studies have also reported the existence of H. pylori in the oral cavity, but whether the oral cavity serves as an extra gastric source for H. pylori or carries the organism only transiently is debatable. Hence, with this aim in the mind, we conducted the present study to evaluate the incidence of H. pylori in premalignant disorders and OSCC.

Sterile Feminine Hygiene Sanitary Napkin Dressing in the Management of Ludwig's Angina

Abstract: Dry environment plays a very important role in the healing of infections. Commercially available sanitary pads were sterilized individually using ethylene trioxide (ETO) for 24 hours and used as dressing material in 10 Ludwig’s angina patients. When compared with conventional gauze dressing, it showed significantly less number of dressing changes. We recommend its use as an alternative absorbent wound material for head and neck infections.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Cleaning of Root Canals using Protaper and K3 Rotary Systems: A SEM Study

Abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the debris and smear layer removal following root canal preparation using two different rotary systems with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The rotary systems used were Protaper and K3. Forty single rooted permanent mandibular premolars were chosen for the study. They were assigned two groups on the basis of instrumentation used. The teeth were sectioned at the level of cementoenamel junction and instrumented with Protaper in group A and with K3 in group B. The root canals were thoroughly irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5 % NaOCl during instrumentation. After instrumentation, 5 ml of normal saline was used as a final rinse. The teeth were split longitudinally and the specimens were prepared for SEM evaluation. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs showed presence of debris and smear layer. The SEM photomicrographs were scored, based on the stan dard score rating system, and the scores were tabulated accordingly. The scores obtained from the specimens were subjected to statistical analysis. Results showed opening of dentinal tubules and effective removal of smear layer in group A (Protaper) and no significant difference between both the groups (groups A and B) regarding debris.

A survey to evaluate the awareness of various treatment modalities to replace missing teeth among patients visiting Kasturba hospital, Manipal: A prosthodontic perspective

Abstract: Background: The disabilities associated with oral health; like missing teeth, are many. The management of these disabilities is of utmost importance to any dental practitioner. Materials and methods:This study was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, located in Udupi district of South-West Karnataka, with a population of 11.7lakh of whom 305 patients (146 femalesand 159 males) took part in the study to assess their awareness to various treatment options available to replace missing teeth. The subjects filled out a close-ended questionnaire of 11 questions; clinical examination of the oral cavity then followed. They all had at least 1 missing tooth (3rd molars excluded).The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 2.0, with a Chi-square test significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Of the 305 patients who participated, 69.2% of males and females wanted to get their teeth replaced. The remaining 15.2% males and 12.6% females who did not want to get their teeth replaced stated that the lack of time prevented them from doing so. A total of 5% of females and a 1.4% of males said that previous traumatic dental experience prevented them from getting treatment. Majority of both men and women were aware of the removable partial prosthesis as a treatment option (71.9% males and 74.9% females). A small portion of the study group, 21.9% males and 25.2% of females were aware of dental implants. The most preferred treatment option, chosen by 53.5% females and 49.3% male was the fixed partial prosthesis (tooth supported). These findings indicate that 56% of women were more inclined to avail treatment for missing teeth, and only 44% of men felt the need to avail treatment. A total of 76.7% males and 76.1% females felt that their masticatory functions were affected. Conclusion: The findings indicate that awareness regarding implants is lacking, and that motivation brought about by outreach programs has not yet reached most sections of the Indian society.

The Effect of Three Dentinal Sealers on Retention of Crowns cemented with Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An in vitro Study

Abstract: Background: Dentinal sealers (desensitizing agents) are used to protect the pulp from possible injurious effects after tooth preparation and also prevent the penetration of dentinal tubules by bacteria and their products which are currently thought to cause most of the pulpal inflammation under the crowns. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of effect of three different desensitizing agents on retention of crowns cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted maxillary first premolars were notched for retention and the teeth specimens were mounted in autopolymerising resin. The axial height of all the specimens was 4 mm with a 20° angle of convergence. Impressions of the prepared teeth were made, later waxed inves ted and casted. Thirty teeth were coated with three different desensitizing agents were used in this study: Cavity varnish (Namuvar, Deepti Dental Products), Glutaraldehyde (GlumaHeraeus Kulzer), Resin (AdheSE, Ivoclar Vivadent). Ten teeth were not coated with desensitizing agents to act as control group. Independent T test used to compare the mean values between groups. Results: Tensile strength for average surface area of the groups I, II, III and IV are 0.3759, 0.2375, 0.2411, 0.2348 respectively. The t-test shows ‘p’-value is statistically not significant (p < 0.05) for groups II and III, where as in group IV ‘p’-value is statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The use of AdheSE/resin-based dentinal sealer showed increase in bond strength of the crowns luted with resin-modified glass ionomer cement when compared with control group. This study advocates the use of resin-based sealer or a glutaraldehyde-based sealer before cementation of the crowns. The cavity varnish, however, reduces the bond strength and is not acceptable.

Ankyloglossia and Quality of Life

Abstract: Ankyloglossia (AG) commonly known as tongue-tie. This congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal short lingual frenulum attached to floor of mouth. Though the ankyloglossia is not a serious issue, but it may cause problems, like feeding diffi culties, speech disorders, and hamper quality of life through affecting their social life and confidence. Hence, management of ankyloglossia should be considered at age, which should include surgical management as well as efforts should be made to improve the quality of life of the patient. The purposes of this report to describe about ankyloglossia, its management for the better clinical approach and improve the quality of life of the patient.

Treatment Modalities of Odontogenic Keratocyst of Maxilla and Mandible: Our Experience

Abstract: Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is known for its most aggressive behavior, high recurrence rate and is most common odontogenic cyst of the jaws. After completion of odontogenesis, some remnants of dental epithelium remain in oral cavity and variety of cysts and tumor can develop from this odontogenic epithelium the most common being odontogenic keratocyst. The most common site of occurrence of OKC reported is mandibular body and ramus region. Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the other frequent site of occurrence, different size of OKC in mandible and maxilla and different treatment modalities depending on size, age, and extent of the lesion. Materials and methods: Ten patients were selected among the patients referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with cystic lesions on mandible and maxilla. After making diagnosis treatment planning was done depending upon the age, radiographic appearance and size of the lesion. Results: Odontogenic keratocyst was found more in males than females, was found more in mandible than maxilla. Majority of the cases were in mandible angle ramus region followed by anterior maxilla. Seventy-six percent cases were multilocular radiolucencies, whereas 24% unilocular. Multilocular radiolucencies were treated by wide surgical excision, hemi mandibulectomy, whereas unilocular radiolucencies were treated by enucleation. Conclusion: It is concluded that treatment of OKC depends upon age, radiographic and clinical extent of lesion, unilocular or multilocular appearance, presence of daughter cysts, recurrence rate.

Ectodermal Dysplasia in a 6 Years Old: A Clinical Challenge

Abstract: Ectodermal dysplasia depicts a group of inherited disorder in which two or more than two ectodermally derived structures fail to develop perfectly. Intervention at an early stage not only improves patient’s appearance but also minimize the associated psychological and emotional problem in such children. This paper presents a case of a 6 years old girl who was referred to our department with complain of absence of multiple teeth for which oral rehabilitation was done.

The Effect of PIPS on Three Different Types of Dentin: A Surface Observational Study

Abstract: Aim: To study the effect of 17% EDTA with PIPS on dentinal surfaces of pediatric, adolescent and geriatric teeth using scan­ ning electron microscope (SEM). Background data: The debriding ability of an Er:YAG laser system equipped with a new tapered and stripped tip of 400 micron diameter and auxiliary irrigating solutions after mecha nical preparation. Materials and methods: For each group, 20 single rooted human mandibular premolars were selected. The groups were categorized as group 1 pediatric, group 2 adolescent and group 3 geriatric. These groups were further divided as subgroup A (control)—saline and subgroup B—EDTA and PIPS. Access opening was done for all the samples and respective irrigation pro tocol was followed. The samples were then sectioned and observed under SEM. Results: The observational study shows that the efficacy of smear layer removal was better in the pediatrics group followed by adolescent and geriatric groups. Conclusion: The PIPS technique resulted in effective debriding and decontamination of the root canal system in all the three types of dentin.