A Critical Review of Bilingual Education in the United States: From Basements and Pride to Boutiques and Profit
Nelson Flores,Ofelia García +1 more
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TLDR
The authors connect the institutionalization of bilingual education to a post-Civil Rights racial formation that located the root of educational inequalities in the psychological condition of people of color in ways that obscured the structural barriers confronting communities of color.Abstract:
In this article we connect the institutionalization of bilingual education to a post–Civil Rights racial formation that located the root of educational inequalities in the psychological condition of people of color in ways that obscured the structural barriers confronting communities of color. Within this context, bilingual education was institutionalized with the goal of instilling cultural pride in Latinx students in ways that would remediate their perceived linguistic deficiencies. This left bilingual educators struggling to develop affirmative spaces for Latinx children within a context where these students continued to be devalued by the broader school and societal context. More recent years have witnessed the dismantling of these affirmative spaces and their replacement with two-way immersion programs that seek to cater to White middle-class families. While these programs have offered new spaces for the affirmation of the bilingualism of Latinx children, they do little to address the power hierarchies between the low-income Latinx communities and White middle-class communities that are being served by these programs. We end with a call to situate struggles for bilingual education within broader efforts to combat the racialization of Latinx and other minoritized communities.read more
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The Seal of Biliteracy
TL;DR: The first contribution comes from a group of scholars at the University of North Texas who conduct research about the Seal of Biliteracy and discuss relevant trends of biliteracy in the state of Texas as discussed by the authors.
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Linguistic Confinement: Rethinking the Racialized Interplay between Educational Language Learning and Carcerality
TL;DR: The authors argue for the need to critically re-examine how purportedly objective institutional language assessments and our participation in them deceptively reify historical and contemporary inequities, and propose the analytic of linguistic confinement that is structured by an ideological bundle of race, language, and disability.
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Political, Social, and Educational Challenges in the Struggle to Develop Bilingual Education as a Pedagogical Model in the United States
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Distinguishing a True Disability from “Something Else”: Part I. Current Challenges to Providing Valid, Reliable, and Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Disability Evaluations
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Dismantling the Mono-Mainstream Assumption
TL;DR: In this article, the meaning behind radicalizing literacies and languaging is explained, and the need for a paradigmatic shift that honors trans-lenses of literacies is discussed.
References
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Racial formation in the United States : from the 1960s to the 1980s
Michael Omi,Howard Winant +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors close the Pandora's box and discuss race and the ''New Democrats'' in the context of the 2008 United States presidential election, and discuss the great transformation of the United States.
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Linguistic Interdependence and the Educational Development of Bilingual Children
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that cognitively and academically beneficial bilingualism can be achieved only on the basis of adequately developed first language (L1) skills and two hypotheses are formulated and combined to arrive at this position.
Book
Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s
Michael Omi,Howard Winant +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors close the Pandora's box and discuss race and the "New Democrats" in the United States, focusing on race and race reaction in the context of class, ethnicity and race formation.
Book
Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective
TL;DR: Bilingual education in the 21st century as discussed by the authors examines languages and bilingualism as individual and societal phenomena, presents program types, variables, and policies in bilingual education, and concludes by looking at practices, especially pedagogies and assessments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bilingual education in the 21st century: a global perspective
TL;DR: Bilingual education in the 21st century: a global perspective, by Ofelia Garcia with contributions by Hugo Baetens Beardsmore, Oxford, UK, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, 496 pp., US$99.95 (hardback), ISBN...