A Simple General Approach to Inference About the Tail of a Distribution

TLDR: In this paper, a simple general approach to inference about the tail behavior of a distribution is proposed, which is not required to assume any global form for the distribution function, but merely the form of behavior in the tail where it is desired to draw inference.

Abstract: A simple general approach to inference about the tail behavior of a distribution is proposed. It is not required to assume any global form for the distribution function, but merely the form of behavior in the tail where it is desired to draw inference. Results are particularly simple for distributions of the Zipf type, i.e., where $G(y) = 1 - Cy^{-\alpha}$ for large $y$. The methods of inference are based upon an evaluation of the conditional likelihood for the parameters describing the tail behavior, given the values of the extreme order statistics, and can be implemented from both Bayesian and frequentist viewpoints.