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A socio-spatial analysis of urban transformation at a neighborhood scale: The case of the relocation of Kadifekale inhabitants to TOKİ Uzundere in İzmir

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In this paper, the authors analyze the socio-spatial incompatibilities in the lives of low-income residents that are caused by relocation within the framework of urban transformation projects.
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This article is published in Cities.The article was published on 2015-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 27 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Urban planning & Metropolitan area.

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Book Chapter

The Production of Space

Simon Sheikh
TL;DR: In this article, Jacobi describes the production of space poetry in the form of a poetry collection, called Imagine, Space Poetry, Copenhagen, 1996, unpaginated and unedited.

The Practice Of Everyday Life

Juliane Jung
TL;DR: The the practice of everyday life is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Journal ArticleDOI

Finding lost space: theories of urban design

Robert F. Brown
- 20 Mar 1988 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of spiritual discipline in learning to live in the world is discussed, and it is argued that the modern glass door, celebrated unlimited access, denies rituals of transition and obscures distinctions that give meaning to being in one's own place and not in another's.
Dissertation

A life between the buildings

Journal ArticleDOI

Assessing the impacts of urbanization-associated green space on urban land surface temperature: A case study of Dalian, China

TL;DR: In this article, the spatial distribution of urban green space and land surface temperature (LST) in Dalian City, China, were obtained through remote sensing interpretation and inversion.
References
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Book

The Practice of Everyday Life

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a very different view of the arts of practice in a very diverse culture, focusing on the use of ordinary language and making do in the art of practice.
Journal ArticleDOI

The production of space

Henri Lefebvre
- 01 Jul 1992 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a plan of the present work, from absolute space to abstract space, from the Contradictions of Space to Differential Space, and from Contradictory Space to Social Space.

Image of the city

Abstract: What does the city's form actually mean to the people who live there? What can the city planner do to make the city's image more vivid and memorable to the city dweller? To answer these questions, Mr. Lynch, supported by studies of Los Angeles, Boston, and Jersey City, formulates a new criterion -- imageability -- and shows its potential value as a guide for the building and rebuilding of cities. The wide scope of this study leads to an original and vital method for the evaluation of city form. The architect, the planner, and certainly the city dweller will all want to read this book.
Book Chapter

The Production of Space

Simon Sheikh
TL;DR: In this article, Jacobi describes the production of space poetry in the form of a poetry collection, called Imagine, Space Poetry, Copenhagen, 1996, unpaginated and unedited.
Book

The Image of the City

Kevin Lynch
TL;DR: In this article, Lynch, supported by studies of Los Angeles, Boston, and Jersey City, formulates a new criterion -imageability -and shows its potential value as a guide for the building and rebuilding of cities.
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Q1. What have the authors contributed in "A socio-spatial analysis of urban transformation at a neighborhood scale: the case of the relocation of kadifekale inhabitants to tokä° uzundere in ä°zmir" ?

Particularly in the last two decades, urban governors have presented urban transformation projects as ideal solutions to help low-income urban residents improve their living conditions. However, the way they have been carried out and their consequences mean that these projects do not, in most cases, bring the expected improvements. Using a case from Izmir in Turkey, this study aims to analyze such socio-spatial incompatibilities in the lives of low-income residents that are caused by relocation within the framework of urban transformation projects. Before the start of the project, the neighborhood contained 7324 housing units accommodating rural-to-urban migrants, mainly from the southeast of Turkey. This urban transformation project aimed to relocate at least some of the inhabitants from their homes in Kadifekale to recently constructed apartment blocks in the TOK_ This study critically evaluates the Kadifekale urban transformation project, particularly with regard to the relocation of some Kadifekale residents from their oneor two-story houses in Kadifekale to apartment blocks on the periphery of the city. The argument aims to demonstrate the changed conditions of social life and daily life practices as a result of altered spatial properties at a neighborhood scale: their use of outdoor spaces, the meanings they attributed to neighborhood space ( ‘ ‘ intimacy of place ’ ’ within categories of sensual ( visual and olfactory ) recognition ), and their sociospatial network. The argument draws both implicitly and explicitly on Henri Lefebvre ’ s spatial triad and De Certeau ’ s conceptualization of tactic versus strategy as the major conceptual inspirations for this study. 

It can therefore be asserted that the inhabitants of Kadifekale are likely to face many more problems in the future beyond the severe problems they have already faced concerning their daily practices and social relations in TOK_I Uzundere. Future research in the area would be valuable in providing a more substantial analysis of the longer-term impacts of this relocation. It is certain that deficiencies in the planning of TOKI Uzundere have already had several negative consequences for the residents ’ daily life that may have further implications for their social life. 

In addition to the loss of public space, verticality has ‘privatized’ the home space in that the introduction of apartment living has made individual housing units more closed-off. 

In the EIA Report for TOK_I, 40% of the project site was reserved as green area with the landscape designed accordingly (EIA Report, 2005). 

Kadifekale’s streets and its historic castle gave the inhabitants a means of visual recognition, from which they developed their feelings of intimacy toward it. 

The office of the local headman was also the main place for people to communicate news during the implementation of the transformation project, so that it served as one of the main places for critical discussion and public opinion formation. 

In the case of Kadifekale, in terms of olfactory recognition, the public smell of baking on the street and the cooking aromas from houses create a sense of familiarity with the neighborhood and village life back in Mardin. 

In addition to the importance of sight in the recognition of a neighborhood as a socially intimate space, another sense, smell, should also be considered further as an important factor in contributing to the intimacy of place for its inhabitants. 

Respondents often stated that they leave the keys of their houses with neighbors when they are away so that the neighbors can take care of their houses and warn them of any emergencies. 

What the authors love about their house the most is its location in the city and its proximity to the city center as well as to their relatives. 

Due to the sport field, children play on empty green spaces, car-parking areas or the liminal spaces between the apartment blocks in TOK_I Uzundere (Fig. 18). 

In _Izmir, with its Mediterranean climate of warm winters, the year-round use of these outdoor spaces is apparent to an observer. 

This study will focus on how, as a traditional neighborhood, Kadifekale reflects the socio-spatial qualities of communal living, particularly the role of ‘‘spatial practice’’ at aneighborhood scale through the use of public or semi-public spaces, such as streets, common open grounds, public buildings and gardens. 

As Erman (1997, p. 91, quoted in Akbulut & Bas lık, 2011, p. 4) asserts, ‘‘[t]his is so because of the way of life gecekondu housing provides, for example, close relationship with neighbors and spontaneous relationships with the outside’’. 

He argues that, while ‘‘strategies pin their hopes on the resistance that the establishment of a place offers to the erosion of time; tactics on a clever utilization of time’’ (De Certeau, 1984, pp. 38–39). 

Although some play areas have been created in TOK_I Uzundere, because of the stagnant street life, children seemed reluctant to play in places isolated from their community (Fig. 17). 

the small gecekondu shops in Kadifekale seemed to be very attractive to the inhabitants and highly visible since the ground floors of many houses are used as shops. 

This change of attitude can be explained by the fact that, in Kadifekale, places for celebrating such occasions (e.g. the tea garden located within the walls of Kadifekalecastle) were located at some distance from residential areas, and since every neighbor used to be invited to the celebrations anyway, noise was not considered a problem. 

the designed play areas are underused, being likely to turn into ‘‘lost spaces’’.13 A similar pattern of use of the common areas is observed for women and elderly people (Fig. 19), with an old man taking his chair to sit in the middle of a car park while a group of women sit on the pavement to chat while doing lacework.