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A survey of loss functions for semantic segmentation

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TLDR
A new log-cosh dice loss function is introduced and it is showcased that certain loss functions perform well across all data-sets and can be taken as a good baseline choice in unknown data distribution scenarios.
Abstract
Image Segmentation has been an active field of research as it has a wide range of applications, ranging from automated disease detection to self driving cars. In the past five years, various papers came up with different objective loss functions used in different cases such as biased data, sparse segmentation, etc. In this paper, we have summarized some of the well-known loss functions widely used for Image Segmentation and listed out the cases where their usage can help in fast and better convergence of a model. Furthermore, we have also introduced a new log-cosh dice loss function and compared its performance on NBFS skull-segmentation open source data-set with widely used loss functions. We also showcased that certain loss functions perform well across all data-sets and can be taken as a good baseline choice in unknown data distribution scenarios.

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References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection

TL;DR: This paper proposes to address the extreme foreground-background class imbalance encountered during training of dense detectors by reshaping the standard cross entropy loss such that it down-weights the loss assigned to well-classified examples, and develops a novel Focal Loss, which focuses training on a sparse set of hard examples and prevents the vast number of easy negatives from overwhelming the detector during training.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Holistically-Nested Edge Detection

TL;DR: HED turns pixel-wise edge classification into image-to-image prediction by means of a deep learning model that leverages fully convolutional neural networks and deeply-supervised nets to approach the human ability to resolve the challenging ambiguity in edge and object boundary detection.
Book ChapterDOI

Tversky loss function for image segmentation using 3D fully convolutional deep networks

TL;DR: A generalized loss function based on the Tversky index is proposed to address the issue of data imbalance and achieve much better trade-off between precision and recall in training 3D fully convolutional deep neural networks.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

A Novel Focal Tversky Loss Function With Improved Attention U-Net for Lesion Segmentation

TL;DR: In this article, a generalized focal loss function based on the Tversky index was proposed to address the issue of data imbalance in medical image segmentation, which achieved a better trade off between precision and recall when training on small structures such as lesions.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

The Lovasz-Softmax Loss: A Tractable Surrogate for the Optimization of the Intersection-Over-Union Measure in Neural Networks

TL;DR: In this article, a method for direct optimization of the mean intersection-over-union loss in neural networks, based on the convex LovAisz extension of submodular losses, is presented.
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